Peloponnese (theme)
| Theme of the Peloponnese Πελοπόννησος, θέμα Πελοποννήσου | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Theme of the Byzantine Empire | |||||||||
| ca. 800 – 1205 | |||||||||
 Map of Byzantine Greece ca. 900 AD, with the themes and major settlements. | |||||||||
| Capital | Corinth | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Established | ca. 800 | ||||||||
• Conquered by Crusaders . | 1205 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Greece | ||||||||
The Theme of the Peloponnese (Greek: θέμα Πελοποννήσου) was a Byzantine military-civilian province (thema, theme) encompassing the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. It was established in c. 800, and its capital was Corinth.[1]
History
Slavic invasions and settlements
From 27 BC until the end of the 6th century, the
From the 580s on, as attested in the
Formation and evolution of the theme
Sometime between 687 and 695, all remaining imperial territory in southern Greece came under the new theme of
The first known strategos of the Peloponnese is
After the Byzantine reconquest of Crete in 961 put an end to the piratical emirate there, the Peloponnese prospered greatly.[11] From the late 10th century on, the thematic administration was often combined with that of Hellas, and in the late 11th century, this union became permanent, with both provinces coming under the control of the megas doux, the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine navy. Due to the latter's absence from the province, however, the local administration remained under the local praetor, a position often held by senior and distinguished officials like the legal scholars Alexios Aristenos and Nicholas Hagiotheodorites.[1][18] The joint theme of Hellas-Peloponnese was subdivided further during the 12th century into a series of smaller fiscal districts variously termed oria, chartoularata and episkepseis.[a] The Peloponnese remained under Byzantine control until the early 13th century (1205), when, in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, the Latin Principality of Achaea was established there.[11]
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d e f Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1994, p. 62.
- ^ Koder & Hild 1976, pp. 50–51.
- ^ Avramea 2012, pp. 57–67.
- ^ Avramea 2012, pp. 135–145.
- ^ a b Fine 1991, pp. 59–60, 62.
- ^ Avramea 2012, pp. 146–166.
- ^ Avramea 2012, pp. 166–210.
- ^ Fine 1991, pp. 63–64.
- ^ Avramea 2012, pp. 69, 211ff..
- ^ Koder & Hild 1976, pp. 57–58.
- ^ a b c d e ODB, "Peloponnesos" (T. E. Gregory), pp. 1620–1621.
- ^ Fine 1991, pp. 80–83.
- ^ Koder & Hild 1976, p. 59.
- ^ Pertusi 1952, pp. 172–173.
- ^ Pertusi 1952, p. 173.
- ^ Herrin 2013, p. 16.
- ^ Curta 2011, pp. 171–173.
- ^ Magdalino 2002, p. 234.
- ^ Magdalino 2002, pp. 162ff., 234.
- ^ Magdalino 2002, pp. 234–235.
Sources
- Avramea, Anna (2012). Η Πελοπόννησος από τον 4ο ως τον 8ο αιώνα: Αλλαγές και συνέχεια [The Peloponnese from the 4th to the 8th century: Changes and continuity.] (in Greek). Athens: National Bank of Greece Cultural Foundation. ISBN 978-960-250-501-4.
- ISBN 978-0-7486-3809-3.
- ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
- Herrin, Judith (2013). Margins and Metropolis: Authority across the Byzantine Empire. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15301-8.
- ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- Koder, Johannes; Hild, Friedrich (1976). Tabula Imperii Byzantini, Band 1: Hellas und Thessalia (in German). Vienna: ISBN 978-3-7001-0182-6.
- ISBN 0-521-52653-1.
- Nesbitt, John; ISBN 0-88402-226-9.
- Pertusi, A. (1952). Constantino Porfirogenito: De Thematibus (in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.