Personal lubricant

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Various personal lubricants

Personal lubricants (colloquially termed lube) are specialized

sexual acts, such as intercourse and masturbation, to reduce friction to or between the penis and vagina, anus or other body parts or applied to sex toys to reduce friction or to ease penetration. As of 2015, the personal lubricant market was estimated to be worth at least $400 million.[1]

speculum insertion or introduction of a catheter. The primary difference between personal and surgical lubricants is that surgical lubricants are thicker, sterile gels, typically containing a bacteriostatic agent.[2]

Types

By composition

Water-based

Water-based personal lubricants are water-

anti-retroviral lubricants or gels can be applied to aid in the prevention of transmission of HIV.[3]

Typical water-based lubricants may be incompatible with sex acts that occur in water (such as in a bathtub, pool, or hot tub) as they can be dissolved or dispersed in water.

The Population Council, in a 2011 study, tested commercially available water-based sexual lubricants, and found that many damaged human rectal cells and that some of them – those containing polyquaternium-15 – appeared to actively increase HIV replication in cell cultures and therefore could raise one's risk of HIV transmission. Water-based 'lubes' have been recommended for use in safer sex because they do not weaken condoms like oil-based lubricants do. The researchers concluded: "Since it is the condom that is protecting users from HIV rather than the lube, condom users should still be encouraged to use water-based lubes because condoms are also more likely to break, and trauma to the rectal lining occur, with no lube". They also cited silicone-based lubricants as a potential alternative, although they did not test any silicone lubes in their study.[4]

A later study has validated the findings of the Population Council for some water-based products' hyper-osmolality causing some human's cells damage, and better bio-compatibility with low-osmolality water-based products and silicone-based products but failed to corroborate polyquaternium 15 having a role that binds HIV to rectal cells or increase HIV replication.[5]

Oil-based

Oil-based lubricants, for example petroleum-based lubricants (such as petroleum jelly), can increase the likelihood of breakage and slipping of latex condoms due to loss of elasticity caused by these lubricants.[6] Oil-based lubricants may be considered desirable for people who are in relationships not requiring condom use and who wish to avoid certain additives and preservatives often found in other lubricants.

Silicone-based

anal intercourse, as some water-based lubes have.[7][8]

Silicone-based lubricants are not usually recommended for use with sex toys or other products that are made from silicone because the formula may dissolve the surface, making it sticky to the touch, and cause disintegration of the item over time.[8] This damage may create a breeding ground for bacteria. In most cases, a warning is listed on the product label. Silicone-based lubricant is also used in the manufacture of pre-lubricated condoms, due to its long-lasting properties and superior latex compatibility.

By usage

Vaginal lubricants

Vaginal lubricants are used to augment

canola oil, or mineral oil) or commercially available lubricants that are either water-based or hydroxyethylcellulose-based.[9]

Human saliva and olive oil have been found to be detrimental to sperm function.

assisted reproduction.[11][13][21][19]

Vaginal lubricants such as mineral oil, canola oil, or hydroxyethylcellulose-based lubricants are recommended for use by couples attempting conception by The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.[9][10][11][17][16][20][22][23][24]

Anal-specific

Many lubricants are safe for

numbing agents to relieve discomfort during anal sex, although it is generally inadvisable as a lack of sensation makes accidental injury more likely. Additionally, a commonly used numbing agent benzocaine can cause an allergic reaction in those with an allergy to PABA (4-aminobenzoic acid). Some lubricants are conveniently packaged for ease of application. Many of these products such as Astroglide Shooters have been pulled from the market due to FDA Medical Device Requirements.[25]
Products containing benzocaine can numb all body parts with which they come in contact.

Organic or natural

In the

botanicals such as aloe vera
or plant extracts.

Specialty lubricants

Warming lubricants contain specific ingredients to cause a sensation of warmth. Breathing on these types of lubricants may increase the effect. "Cooling" or "tingling" lubricants may contain ingredients such as peppermint. Some lubricants are sold together, such as "hot and cold", or are marketed for a specific use or effect.[27] Flavored lubricants contain flavorings, such as fruit flavors, to enhance oral contact. "Edible" lubricants may be flavored and/or may not contain any ingredients that are not advisable to eat.

Other

Other products that have been used as personal lubricants include

vegetable shortening, which is durable and inexpensive but damaging to latex.[28] In a controversial scene in the movie Last Tango in Paris, the character Paul, played by Marlon Brando, uses butter during anal sex with the character Jeanne, played by Maria Schneider
.

Uses

Sexual activity

A personal lubricant can be used to increase pleasure and reduce pain during

sexual activity.[29]

Masturbation

While most males and females produce varying amounts of their own

onaholes such as the Tenga Egg.[31] Lubricant that is safe for sexual intercourse is also safe for masturbation
.

Hand lotion is often used for recreational masturbation and popularly seen as an alternative to lubricants created specifically for sexual intercourse.[32]

Medicine

sphincter.[35]

Personal lubricants can help treat erectile dysfunction in older men.[36]

Risks

Wikimedia Commons has media related to personal lubricants.

As of December 2012, the

antibacterial agent, has been shown to kill three species of Lactobacillus and has been shown to unbalance the natural flora in the vagina, which might lead to infections such as bacterial vaginosis. Lubricants with osmolalities closer to that of the body, such as agar-based lubes, did not damage the tissue samples or boost HIV infection rates.[37][citation needed
]

Some may experience irritation from the use of certain lubricants. Some lubricants (as mentioned above under Water-based) have been found to damage cells or even increase the replication of the HIV virus.[7] Nonoxynol-9, a spermicide contained in some lubricants, can destroy vaginal and rectum cell membranes which may increase the rate of STI transmission.[38] Spermicidally lubricated condoms do not contain enough spermicide to increase contraceptive effectiveness,[39] but application of separate spermicide is thought to reduce pregnancy rates significantly.[40]

References

  1. TheGuardian.com
    . 22 May 2015.
  2. ^ http://www.medline.com/catalog/category-products.jsp?iclp=Z05-CA10_08_05&N=106248&itemId=Z05-CA10_08_05&No=0 RET. DEC 28 2017 22:49
  3. ^ Vesely, Rebecca (December 1, 2008). "Protecting Women from HIV--Docs Hopeful About Microbicides". Scientific American. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  4. ^ "Study finds most lubricants damage rectal cells and some increase HIV activity". aidsmap. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  5. PMID 23144863
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  6. ^ "The Latex Condom: Recent Advances, Future Directions". FHI Network (Chapter 3: User Behaviors and Characteristics Related to Condom Failure ed.). Family Health International. 2010. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  7. ^ a b "Study finds most lubricants damage rectal cells and some increase HIV activity". AIDSMap. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  8. ^ a b "Personal Lubricant Help". Saturday, 4 May 2019
  9. ^ a b Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion" Fertil Steril 2013;100(3): 631–7.
  10. ^ a b Tulandi T, Plouffe L Jr, McInnes RA. Effect of saliva on sperm motility and activity" Fertil Steril 1982;38:721–3.
  11. ^
    PMID 9886513
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  12. ^ Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion" Fertil Steril 2013;100(3): 631–7
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  18. ^ Ellington J, Daughtery S. Prevalence of vaginal dryness in trying-to-conceive couples" Fertil Steril 2003;79:21–2.
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    S2CID 11063970
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  21. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00127-4
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  25. ^ "CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
  26. ^ "Nude Personal Lubricant, Certified Organic by CCOF, Santa Cruz, California". slickn.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  27. ^ "Sex-Life Road Test: Warming and Cooling Lubes". Red Book Magazine. 27 April 2007. Archived from the original on 12 November 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  28. S2CID 201759576
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  29. ^ "Personal Lubricants for Uninterrupted Pleasure". Lube Zone. 2016-01-18. Archived from the original on 2016-11-09. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
  30. ^ Hauck, Tyler. "Lubricants for Sex: Oil-Based Lube". AskMen.com. Archived from the original on 2008-12-26. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
  31. ^ "Inside, Robot".
  32. ^ "Every Question You Have About Male Masturbation Habits, Answered". 20 August 2019.
  33. ISSN 2052-2819
    . Retrieved 2023-08-17.
  34. ^ "Soapsuds enema". Biology-Online Dictionary. Biology-Online. Retrieved 2023-08-17.
  35. ^ Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (2019-07-28). "Measuring a Baby's Temperature". Health Home – Conditions and Diseases. Johns Hopkins University. Archived from the original on 2019-11-03. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  36. Independent.co.uk. 14 January 2019. Archived
    from the original on 2022-05-25.
  37. ^ Wolf, Lauren K. "Studies Raise Questions About Safety Of Personal Lubricants – December 10, 2012 Issue – Vol. 90 Issue 50 – Chemical & Engineering News". cen.acs.org. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  38. ^ Bass, Emily (August 2002). "Learning from microbicides: A young field's experience working with high-risk women". AIDScience. IAVI. Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
  39. ^ "Birth Control – Nonoxynol-9 and Risk Reduction". Our Bodies Ourselves. Global Campaign for Microbicides. March 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-01-23. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
  40. PMID 1743276
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