Strip club
A strip club is a venue where
As of 2005,[update] the size of the global strip club
The strip club as an outlet for salacious entertainment is a recurrent theme in popular culture.[6] In some media, these clubs are portrayed primarily as gathering places of vice and ill repute. Clubs themselves and various aspects of the business are highlighted in these references. "Top Strip Club" lists in some media have demonstrated that U.S.-style striptease is a global phenomenon and that it has also become a culturally accepted form of entertainment, despite its scrutiny in legal circles and popular media. Popular Internet sites for strip club enthusiasts also have lists calculated from the inputs of site visitors. The legal status of strip clubs has evolved over the course of time, with national and local laws becoming progressively more liberal on the issue around the world, although some countries (such as Iceland) have implemented strict limits and bans.[7] Strip clubs are frequent targets of litigation around the world, and the sex industry, which includes strip clubs, is a contentious issue in popular culture and politics. Some clubs have been linked to organized crime.[8]
History
The term "striptease" was first recorded in 1938, though "stripping", in the sense of women removing clothing to sexually excite men, seems to go back at least 400 years. For example, in
The third day, dedicated to ball and dance, was used for the finest entertainment to divert the men; their eyes were given the opportunity to see all the pleasures nature could offer; and if the pleasant aspects of a well shaped young lady are able to arouse the mind, one can say that our princes enjoyed all the delicacies of love. The dancers, to please their lovers the more, dropped their clothes and danced, totally naked, the nicest
Other possible influences on modern stripping were the dances of the
European tradition
In France during the late 19th century, Parisian shows such as the
In 1905, Dutch dancer
In Britain in the 1930s, Laura Henderson began presenting nude shows at the Windmill Theatre in London. At that time, British law prohibited naked girls from moving. To avoid the prohibition, the models appeared in stationary tableaux vivants.[22] The Windmill girls also toured other London and provincial theatres, sometimes using ingenious devices such as rotating ropes to move their bodies round, though strictly speaking, staying within the letter of the law by not moving of their own volition.[23] Another example of ways that the shows stayed within the law was the fan dance, in which a naked dancer's body was concealed by her fans and those of her attendants, until the end of her act in when she posed naked for a brief interval whilst standing still.[23]
In 1942,
Changes in the law in the 1960s brought about a boom of strip clubs in
American tradition
In America, striptease started in
Widespread bans on striptease had a direct influence on the creation of the strip
The 1960s saw a revival of striptease in the form of topless
San Francisco is also the location of the notorious
Asian tradition
The Japanese term for strip club, nūdo gekijo, literally means "nude theater".[40] An older term was "sutorippu gekijo". American-style striptease became popular in Japan during the U.S. occupation after the end of World War II (1945–1952). Some girls chose to strip in theaters as an alternative to prostitution.[41]
When entrepreneur Shigeo Ozaki saw
Over time, as regulations were relaxed, a variety of acts developed with shows presenting a variety of movements, such as taking a bath in an outdoor washtub. One of the most famous variants had audience members given magnifying glasses for close up views.[40]
During the 1950s, Japanese "strip shows" became more sexually explicit and less dance-oriented, until they were eventually simply
Peeping clubs, which feature peeping rooms (nozokibeya), are businesses similar to western peep shows. Customers in peeping clubs view a female model through a hole from their own private cubicles, and then pay to watch her strip, pose, and
Entertainment and services
Club offerings
American-style strip clubs are often structured as
Regardless of size, name, or location in the world, strip clubs can be full nude, topless or bikini.[5][50] Where offered:
- Full nude routines – The performer is fully nude by the end of their performance.
- Topless – The female performer's upper body is exposed but the genital area remains covered during a performance.
- Bikini – The female performer's breasts and genital area remain covered, such as go-go dancing.
For any of the three types of clubs, there are exceptions based on the individual dancer and management. The use of pasties can alter the legal interpretation as to whether a performance is topless or not and whether a business is sexually oriented.[51]
A club might also hire or broadcast forms of entertainment other than striptease (such as pay-per-view events), for which it earns revenue via premium fees. Some clubs have also moved into providing chat and broadcast services via the internet, including live video feeds.[52] Beyond this more passive entertainment, some clubs' dancers offer additional services, such as lap dances or trips to the champagne room, for a set fee rather than for tips. This fee will typically include a set fee for the room, for a fixed amount of time.[53] Lap dances may also be offered during lingerie modeling sessions. During a lap dance, the dancer dances above and around the customer's crotch while they remain clothed, in an attempt to arouse or, in the case of "extras" with contact occurring during grinding, to bring the recipient to climax.[54] Touching of strippers is not permitted in many localities, however, some dancers and clubs allow touching of dancers during private dances.[55][56] In some parts of the U.S., there are laws forbidding the exposure of female nipples, and thus dancers must cover their nipples with pasties to comply with those laws.[57] Such clubs are known as pastie clubs.
Striptease
A striptease is an
Striptease involves a slow, sensuous undressing. The stripper may prolong the undressing by making sure that the sensual build-up has been properly done using techniques such as the wearing of actual
Unlike in burlesque theater, the modern popular form of strip theater can minimize the interaction of customer and dancer, reducing the importance of tease in the performance in favor of speed to undress.
Private dances
In
Private dances in the main club zones most often take the form of table dances, lap and couch dances, and bed dances among others. An air dance is a particular form of private dance where little-to-no contact between the dancer and customer occurs. This class of dance spans the different categories listed above, and some dancers may perform air dances when more contact-heavy forms of dance were expected and paid for. Club management may set standard prices for the various dance services, but individual strippers, where permitted, will negotiate their own prices, which may be higher or lower than the advertised rate.[66] Table dances are distinguished from other forms of dances in that they can be performed where the customer is seated, on the main floor.[67] Table dance may also refer to a form of minimal-touch private dance where the performer is physically located on a small table in front of the customer(s). Table dances should not be confused with table stages, where the stripper is at or above eye level on a platform surrounded by chairs, and where there is usually enough table surface for customers to place drinks and tip money.
Where offered, lap dances are performed in all manner of locations and seating,
Customer service
Strip clubs are profit-oriented businesses like restaurants and other retail establishments. Performers and staff are the primary customer service representatives in the club environment. Dancers are their primary vehicle to entice customers to spend time and money in the establishment.[71]
Interaction
Dancers continually interact with the customers in the club. They walk around and solicit drinks and lap dances, usually scanning the club floor to find the most lucrative customer to greet. The dancer qualifies a customer by sizing up their appearance and personal characteristics. Once the dancer identifies a suitable customer, they approach, and attempt to establish a social relationship. Interaction can also be initiated by customers.[71] Clubs generate revenue by cover charges, selling drinks, and other means. Dancers make most of their income from giving lap dances or VIP dances, where regulations allow. Otherwise, customer tips, at the stage, are a dancer's primary form of income.[71] Dancers are entertaining the customers in exchange for money and employing all of the resources at their disposal to do so. They sell the fantasy of sex, but do not typically follow through with the act.[59]
Dancers, in an attempt to acquire a tip or monetary reward, may be selling more than just attractiveness and fantasy. They portray feelings of intimacy and emotional connectedness for their customers, and most of the time, these portrayals are overstated or false.
Cultural norms and policies
Rules governing strip clubs and the overall
Dancers may tie their state of undress to the number of songs played.
Facilities
Many strip clubs are located in buildings that are converted bars,
Higher-end gentlemen's clubs have features that cost millions of dollars to install and maintain.[90]
General admission areas
The floor area is open for
All clubs are configured differently. A small club can have a single room, with an
Floor and seating
Most entertainment takes place in the main floor area, and this is where performers and staff can interact with patrons. Customers get comfortable in this area and from their observations, they decide which club services they will use. The main stage is visible from the main floor, and the main bar is accessible, if one is present. Patrons can usually select from open seating and some clubs will have staff to assist with seating. If premium seating is provided, club staff will usually manage access to those areas.[67] Depending on the day, time and staffing levels, accessibility of the general admission areas may vary. Larger clubs will rope off or otherwise close sections of the club to customers unless the size of the crowd warrants use of the space. Larger clubs could have multiple floor, bar, seating, and staging areas which are managed in a similar manner.
Main stage
A
Many stages have actual railing built on or around the stage to function as the tip railing, in addition to indicating where customers should position themselves relative to the performance zone. Customers take turns tipping the dancer.[62] They may also line up to tip popular performers. If physical railing is not present, the tip rail is the edge of stage or defined performance area. Other common tip methods are to insert the dollar into the stripper's cleavage from the hand or mouth, to simply place it or toss it on stage, or to crumple bills into a ball shape and throw them in the entertainer's direction.[94][95][96] Each club and dancer has different tolerance levels for customer interaction, including tipping. Some clubs have multiple stages on the premises. Tipping etiquette varies between countries and cultures.[97] In Eastern European and Asian clubs, it is customary to agree on payment upfront for a certain amount of time or dances, for stage performances and any private sessions.[98][99]
Optional staging
Satellite staging includes one or more areas where a stripper can perform other than a main stage and private dances.
Novelty acts (such as shower shows,
Bars and counters
A full bar is the primary service mechanism for clubs that offer alcoholic beverages. In many clubs, the main bar is the second most dominant element on the floor after the main stage,[68] and in some cases, the main (or satellite) stage is built into the bar. Clubs can derive large percentages of their income from drink purchases. For both Rick's Cabaret and VCGH, Inc., service revenues were the single largest revenue source, with sales of alcoholic beverages second. VCGH earned 18% more and RICK 27.5% more in service revenue than alcohol sales. The amounts are closer when food and merchandise sales are considered, with RICK reporting a smaller gap between the two revenue sources relative to VCGH.[105][106] Upscale clubs that offer food can have free-standing or built-in bars for buffet service. Otherwise, food orders might be taken at the main bar or by waitstaff.
Consumption of alcohol is often facilitated via direct sales in strip clubs where such sales are legal, appropriately
Other floor areas
Many clubs have a lobby area where the cover charge, if any, is collected by a doorman or doorwoman and security personnel can do a quick check of prospective customers as they enter the facility.
Premium access zones
Access to certain parts of a strip club can require payment of an additional fee,[67] or can be by invitation. These areas offer features that are not present in the general admission areas. This approach might allow a club to offer different types and standards of services in the various areas, or to comply with local laws. In this setting, VIPs such as high rollers or persons of a wider popular celebrity, may receive complimentary services according to their reputation with the club personnel.[109][110]
VIP seating adjacent to the main floor is often more comfortable. For example, arm chairs or couches may be provided, and may include booths with service tables. The area typically has a clear line of sight to the main stage. Reserve seating gives a customer a sense of importance and demonstrates prestige.
VIP rooms are partitioned areas in a club that are typically enclosed by fixed walls and can have doors that close completely. For such rooms that do not offer solid doors, there is usually some type of system to screen the room from view with stringed beads, curtains, or other devices. Couch rooms, private dance rooms,[53] and lounges are also forms of VIP zones.[67] VIP rooms have seating that is more plush than the general admission zones and the VIP seating adjacent to the main floor. Often, purchase of access to the room includes customer time with the dancer(s) of their choice. Some rooms are outfitted with props and appliances, such as showers, hot tubs, and various types of bedding.[67]
A champagne room (also called a champagne lounge, or champagne court) is a specialized VIP Room service offered by gentlemen's clubs where a customer can purchase time (usually in half-hour increments) with an exotic dancer in a private room on the premises. Depending on the quality of the club, these rooms, which are typically away from the hustle and bustle of the main club, are generally well decorated and usually appointed with a private bar. Clubs sell
Limited access zones
Portions of the club used only for the
Dancers use dressing rooms to prepare for performances, rest between performances, and stow any of their belongings not secured by other means.
Performers and staff
Performers
Performers are called strippers, exotic dancers, just dancers, or entertainers. Strippers are the primary draw for any club. Dancers effectively entertaining customers are the key to generating revenue by keeping customers on site and enticing them to be repeat visitors.
Work environments
In some localities, strippers are required to obtain permits to work in adult entertainment.
Strippers can sometimes be contracted for performances outside the strip club environment.
Social interaction
Research suggests that exotic dancing can pay well, but often at significant cost to the stripper.
Primary staff
Additional club staff almost always includes a club manager, as dancer-run clubs are rare. One or more
Ancillary staff
Strip clubs have a variety of configurations and staffing needs. Some clubs employ a host to
Parking lot attendants can include people who simply coordinate where to park and how much to pay or they may also include formal
Business and operations
This section needs to be updated.(April 2022) |
As a global industry, strip clubs are booming.
Global industry
The U.S. and international markets for clubs offering
In Britain, the number of strip clubs rose over 1,000% between 1997 and 2010. In 2008 alone, a strip club opened there almost every week.[159] One factor in the proliferation of British strip clubs is Britain's 2003 Licensing Act, which introduced the one-size-fits-all premises licence, which meant that strip clubs in Britain no longer had to receive special permission for nudity.[160] In 2005, revenues for the UK strip club industry, one of the fastest growing sectors of its leisure industry, were estimated to be £300 million.[2] Revenues for 2006 in Scotland alone accounted for £20 million of the UK total.[2]
Markets and ownership
American-style striptease, closely associated with contemporary clubs around the world, began to appear outside North America in the post-World War II era, emerging in Asian performances during the late 1940s and in European theaters by 1950.
Two strip club companies are publicly traded in U.S. financial markets and listed on
The largest operator of strip clubs internationally is Déjà Vu, which has over 130 locations worldwide.[citation needed]
Financial trends
The rapid expansion of the strip club industry observed in the 2000s occurred primarily in the Western world.
Strip clubs which practice
Business practices
Strip clubs can operate at all hours, depending on regulations and revenue. It is a common business practice to have a reduced door charge or no entry fee at all during daytime. Clubs that are open for more than just the nighttime hours may incorporate a staggered or shift work schedule for their entertainers and staff. External factors, such as location and public perception, have some impact on business, but the essential draw of the strip club is the live entertainment.[172] Because of negative perceptions of the adult entertainment industry, many clubs engage in public displays of charity to generate goodwill. VCGH clubs, in order to be good corporate citizens, actively sponsor and participate in local charitable events and contribute to local charities.[105] Some clubs also register their business entities using benign names, so that they appear to be businesses unrelated to the sex industry on receipts and financial statements, and as a means of discretion.[2] Cameras (including camera phones) and other recording devices are often banned from strip clubs to "protect the identity of the women working there and to spare the blushes of men caught on film attending the club".[173]
Among clubs, there is a variety of different ways to deliver entertainment, and fee structures commonly differ between clubs. A
Operations
In the U.S., striptease dancers are generally classified as
In many smaller clubs, multiple staff roles are filled by the same person, such as a bartender and manager. In extreme cases, one person fills all the support functions within a club.
Marketing
The ability to attract first-time patrons is critical to a nightclub's success. As such, promotions, advertising, and special offers are the typical means to market a nightclub. Marketing strategies for strip clubs include attracting new customers, increasing the frequency of visits by existing customers, and establishing a higher level of name recognition. Target markets can include the business-convention traveler, local professionals, and business people.[105] College students are also a secondary target market.[105] Advertising is essential for strip clubs, but local regulations and public reaction can make it challenging. For this reason, clubs around the world advertise on the internet. Advertising can include discount passes, virtual club tours, and dancer schedules.[180]
U.S. company VCGH, Inc. uses a variety of highly targeted methods to reach its customers, including local radio, billboard trucks, Internet, newspaper and magazine advertisements, and professional sporting events. Its advertising and marketing expenses decreased by approximately 3.9% to US$2,805,260 from US$2,921,327 over the year ended December 31, 2008. Advertising and marketing expenses were approximately 5.1% of their total revenues in 2009 and 2008. The decrease was attributed to a shift in advertising, including using billboard trucks for mobile advertising versus leasing fixed billboard signs.
In the city of
Elite Cabaret, a Tempe city strip club, filed suit in 2007 against the City of Tempe in federal court. In the settlement that was reached, the two sides ended the legal wrangle amidst a host of stipulations. One clause is aimed at preventing the racy image promoted by strip clubs. The club is not allowed to depict the human body on the exterior of its building. Signs cannot say "nude", "topless", "girls" or similar words. The sign can only have the bar's name and terms like "cabaret" or "gentlemen's club".[182] Strip club advertising and its associated controversy are not limited to the United States. In South Africa, well-known strip club chain Teazers generated media coverage and official complaints to the Advertising Standards Authority of South Africa (ASA) over its suggestive billboards.[183][184][185][186]
Law and politics
The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the English-speaking world and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (February 2013) |
The legal status of strip clubs has evolved over the course of time, with national and local laws becoming progressively more liberal on the issue around the world, although some countries (such as Iceland) have implemented strict limits and bans.[7] Strip clubs are frequent targets of litigation around the world, and the sex industry, which includes strip clubs, is a hot button issue in popular culture and politics. Some clubs have been linked to organized crime,[8] which has been known to use legitimate business as fronts for its illegal operations.
Americas
With the
A widely cited U.S. local ordinance is San Diego (California) Municipal Code 33.3610,
Still, other rules forbid "full nudity" in certain districts, which can vary among different areas within the same town. Some parts of the U.S. have laws forbidding the exposure of female
Strip clubs have also received attention in the Americas outside the United States. There have been several attempts to amend the
United Kingdom
In 2009, the United Kingdom passed the
Rest of Europe
The Irish government had, at one time, special visa categories for 'entertainers,' which enabled the trafficking of women for strip clubs and prostitution.[2]
In 2001, the former immigration chief in Cyprus was found guilty of accepting bribes to issue work permits to foreign women (in this case from Ukraine), to work as strippers in clubs, with some forced into prostitution.[203] Throughout the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, and the Netherlands, studies have shown that Russian individuals and organized crime groups are importing women from Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic States, and Central Europe into the Russian sex industry to work in stripping, prostitution, peep and show club services, and massage and escort services, among others.[179][204]
In March 2010,
Rest of the world
Outside the United States, strip clubs are often differently regulated. Activities which are not legal in most parts of the United States or its territories may be permitted in other parts of the world. Also, ties to
In Eastern Europe and Asia, common incidents of strip club crime involve customers being quoted a price upon entering a club, only to find out later that management expects a much higher payment before customers are permitted to leave. Intimidation and possibly the threat of violence are used to compel customers to comply.[98]
The Japanese government, similar to Canada and Ireland, had special visa categories for "entertainers". These enabled the trafficking of women for strip clubs and prostitution.[2]
In South Africa, there has been public controversy over incidents of prostitution and violence related to its strip clubs.[206][207][208] In June 2010, 17 customers were arrested, during a raid at a strip club in Cape Town, for committing unspecified illegal acts. 35 Eastern European dancers were also arrested for working at the club without the correct documents.[209][210]
In 2008, the
Cultural impact
The strip club as an outlet for salacious entertainment is a recurrent theme in popular culture.[6] In the media, clubs are portrayed primarily as gathering places of vice and ill repute. Both clubs themselves and various features of the business are highlighted in these references. Comedian Chris Rock also pokes fun at the champagne room in his spoken word track, "No Sex (In the Champagne Room)", on his 1999 album, Bigger & Blacker. Wyclef Jean later noted Rock's comment in his own reflection on strippers, "Perfect Gentleman". In 2016, rapper Shawty Lo's funeral procession stopped at his favorite strip club, The Blue Flame Lounge in Atlanta, where patrons and mourners honored his casket with a moment of silence.[212][213]
Film, television, and theater
The image of strippers as known today evolved through the late 1960s and 1970s in the U.S. and in international cultures which embraced American striptease.[35] By the 1980s, the pole dancing and highly explicit imagery associated with today's performers was widely accepted and frequently portrayed in film, television, and theater.
1980s–1990s
In addition to lesser-known videos such as A Night at the Revuebar (1983), the 1980s also featured mainstream films involving strippers and their work as part of the central narrative. These included
In
2000s–present
By the 2000s, visits to strip clubs by characters in action movies were a common occurrence.
Notable locations
One of the most famous strip clubs in the U.S. is on
Top clubs
Given the variety of club formats and laws governing the operation of strip clubs around the world, a definitive and objective list of top clubs is not practical. The popularity of a given club is an indicator of its quality, as is the word of mouth among customers who have visited a cross section of clubs in different regions. A 2013 article published by the
- Playhouse Gentleman's Club, Warsaw
- Night Flight, Moscow
- Larry Flynt's Hustler Club, New York City
- 4 Play Gentlemen's Club, Los Angeles
- Spearmint Rhino, Las Vegas
- Le Crazy Horse, Paris
- Seventh Heaven, Tokyo
- Temptations, Bristol
- Wanda's, Montreal
- K5 Relax, Prague
U.S. style striptease remains a global phenomenon and culturally accepted form of entertainment, despite its scrutiny in legal circles and popular media. Over half of clubs still open from the list are located outside the United States. Popular internet sites for strip club enthusiasts also have Top Club lists calculated from input from their online visitors. The Ultimate Strip Club List has a Top 100 Strip Clubs list, generated by analyzing the ratings for all of its clubs as entered by individual reviewers.[222] Its list regularly includes strip clubs from outside the U.S. and the site details clubs from countries across six continents. The Strip Club Network, calculates its online Strip Club List: Top 100 Clubs, by the total number of views that each club information page has received on their website.[223]
See also
- List of strip clubs
- American burlesque
- Bar fine
- Bargirl
- Breastaurant
- Cabaret
- Cage dancing
- Can Can
- Clip joint
- Cocktail waitress
- Dance bar
- Go-go dancing
- Hostess club
- Lap dancing
- Peep show
- Pole dancing
- Sex club
- Sex show
- Stripper
- Striptease
- Table dancing
- Taxi dancer
- Taxi dance hall
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-512750-8.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-415-41233-9.
- ^ "Strip Clubs Industry in the US - Market Research Report". IBIS World. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-595-25612-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8223-2972-5.
- ^ a b c Boles, J.; Garbin, A. P. (1974). "The Strip Club and the Customer-Stripper Patterns of Interaction". Sociology and Social Research. 58: 136–144.
- ^ a b c "Legislation Bans Stripping in Iceland". Iceland Review. 2010-03-24. Archived from the original on 2013-12-01. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ a b Coletta, Chris (2007-12-14). "Strip club's ownership shift creates furor over payments". Triangle Business Journal. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- ^ Image from Der spanische, teutsche, und niederländische Krieg oder: des Marquis von ... curieuser Lebens-Lauff, vol. 2 (Franckfurt/ Leipzig, 1720), p. 238
- ^ Robert Hendrickson (1997) QPB Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins. New York, Facts on File, Inc: 227
- ^ The German text reads "Am dritten Tag, so zum Ball und Tantz bestimmt war, spielte man eine der artigsten Kurtzweil, die Herren zu divertieren; Sie hatten ein solches Spectacul, welches ihren Augen alle Schönheit der Natur vorstellte: und wann die Annehmlichkeiten eines wohlgewachsenen Mädgens fähig sind, die Gemüther zu rühren, so kan man sagen, daß unsere Printzen alle Niedlichkeiten der Liebe genossen. Die Tänzerinnen, um ihren Amant desto besser zu gefallen, zohen ihre Kleider ab, und tantzten gantz nackend die schönsten Entrèen und Ballets; einer von den Printzen dirigirte dann diese entzückende Music, und stunde die Schaubühne niemand als diesen Verliebten offen.", Der spanische, teutsche, und niederländische Krieg oder: des Marquis von ... curieuser Lebens-Lauff, Bd. 2 (Franckfurt/ Leipzig, 1720), S.238, recapitulated in Olaf Simons, Marteaus Europa oder der Roman, bevor er Literatur wurde (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2001), p.617-635.
- ISBN 978-0-230-60328-8.
- ISBN 978-0-9623998-1-7.
- ISBN 978-0-7614-7906-2.
- ISBN 978-0-688-03372-9.
- ISBN 978-0-8101-1994-9.
- ^ Noe, Denise. "Mata Hari is Born". Crime Library. Archived from the original on 2015-02-10.
- ^ "Mata Hari Life – World of Biography". Media Matrix. 2006. Archived from the original on 2011-08-06. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ISBN 978-0-252-06951-2.
- ISBN 978-0-7614-7906-2.
- ^ a b Richard Wortley (1976) A Pictorial History of Striptease: 11, 29–53.
- Daily Telegraph, 24 November 2005
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7864-1000-2. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-86105-115-8. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-86072-018-8. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Rajan, Amol (2008-03-04). "Paul Raymond, the king of the Soho sex trade, dies aged 82". The Independent. London.
- ^ Goldstein, Murray (2005) Naked Jungle – Soho Stripped Bare. Silverback Press
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4116-5178-4.
- ISBN 978-1899344857.
- ^ "Theater History". The New Victory Cinema. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
- ^ Nudity, Noise Pay Off in Bay Area Night Clubs, Los Angeles Times, February 14, 1965, Page G5.
- ^ California Solons May Bring End To Go-Go-Girl Shows in State, Panama City News, September 15, 1969, Page 12A.
- ^ "Naked Profits". The New Yorker. 2004-07-12. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
- ^ "World Chronology: 1964". Answers.com. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8230-8889-8. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Lap Victory. How a DA's decision to drop prostitution charges against lap dancers will change the sexual culture of S.F. – and, perhaps, the country. SF Weekly, 8 September 2004
- ^ a b "A Brief History of The "Gentlemen's Club"". www.eroticmuseumvegas.com. 2015-08-22. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
- ^ Smiley, Lauren (2013-08-23). "Last Days at the Lusty Lady". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
- ^ Friend, Tad (2004-07-12). "Naked Profits". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-880656-32-7.
- ISBN 978-1-880656-84-6.
- ^ ISBN 9780834802490. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-87011-333-8. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Komakichi Nohara (1936). The true face of Japan: a Japanese upon Japan. Jarrolds, limited. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-520-20900-8. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-8478-1074-1. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-880656-96-9.
- ISBN 978-0-7923-3135-3. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ a b Applebome, Peter (1996-07-08). "Dancers Follow the Olympic Flame, and the Money, to Atlanta's StripClubs". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
- ^ a b c d Stanley, Kameel (2010-06-05). "Police raid downtown St. Petersburg bikini bar". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on 2010-06-09. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
- ^ Stanzilis, Amanda (2010-05-06). "City's debate: Is topless woman nude if she's wearing pasties?". KENS 5-TV, Inc. Archived from the original on 2010-05-08. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-59285-478-3. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ a b c d "Patron dies in private room of strip club". St. Petersburg Times. 2007-12-27. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-56025-721-9.
- ISBN 978-1-56025-490-4. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-57392-229-6. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ a b "Houston topless clubs lose case, may respond to Supreme Court with pasties". Victoria Times. 2008-03-29. Archived from the original on 2012-02-12. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ Richard Wortley (1976) A Pictorial History of Striptease: 11.
- ^ a b c d Bernard, Constance; DeGabrielle, C.; Cartier, L.; Monk-Turner, E.; Phill, C.; Sherwood, J.; Tyree, T. (2003). "Exotic Dancers: Gender Differences in Societal Reaction, Subcultural Ties, and Conventional Support" (PDF). Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture. 10 (1): 1–11.
- ^ Lara Clifton (2002) Baby Oil and Ice: Striptease in East London.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84520-129-6. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ a b c d e Hess, Amanda (2009-02-19). "Strip Club: Way Less Depressing Than The Rest of D.C.!". Washington City Paper. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "Dancers who strip to lure more customers". news.asiaone.com. 2009-05-28. Archived from the original on 2009-05-31. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-7864-1849-7. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-375-72649-1. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-4129-1519-9. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Richer, Steve (2002-10-23). "How To: Behave In Strip Clubs". AskMen.com. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ a b c "Former Great Falls Mayor Sentenced to One Year in Jail Over Involvement in Prostitution Ring". KFBB-TV. 2010-06-03. Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ISBN 978-1-4169-2808-9. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ "Tampa City Council – meeting transcription detail". Tampagov.net. 1998-06-05. Archived from the original on 2011-11-28. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ S2CID 6882260. Archived from the originalon 2010-06-04.
- S2CID 145289267.
- ^ S2CID 146157132.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7432-4562-3. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-9753088-0-6. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-4120-1348-2. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Bee Gee, Dylan (2008-07-26). "Top 10: Brothels". AskMen.com. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ a b "Escort Service in Switzerland". European Sex Union. 2007-09-05. Archived from the original on 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- S2CID 143071158.
- ^ Hughes, Donna; Sporcic, Laura J.; Mendelsohn, Nadine Z.; Chirgwin, Vanessa (1999). "The Factbook on Global Sexual Exploitation". Coalition Against Trafficking in Women. Archived from the original on 2010-07-16. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- ^ Runnette, Charles (2007-03-25). "Confessions on a Dubai Dance Floor". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- ISBN 978-0-262-61178-7. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Hudson, David L. Jr. (May 2002). "Adult Entertainment and the Secondary-effects Doctrine: How a zoning regulation may affect First Amendment freedoms" (PDF). First Amendment Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-07. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
- ^ Brunner, Jim (2006-10-24). "Crime part of debate over strip-club rules". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 2010-07-10. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ISBN 978-0-292-71886-9.
- ^ McKinley Jr., James C. (2005-12-13). "A New Law in Tijuana Regulates the Oldest Profession". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ Marosi, Richard (2005-01-23). "Prostitutes in Tijuana fight, beat City Hall / Hookers organize to stop proposal to ban street walking in revitalized red-light district". Los Angeles Times (reprint by SFGate.com). Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ Gentlemans Club Helsinki
- ^ "Inside of a Strip Club". Huffington Post. 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
- ^ a b "SAPPHIRE SOLD : Strip club bids bring $80 million". Las Vegas Review-Journal. 2006-01-24. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ISBN 978-0-553-80546-8. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-415-17381-0. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-7864-1849-7.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9734333-1-9. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-7881-0117-5. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-4169-5022-6. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-595-24801-8. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ a b Tay, Dawn (2009-09-04). "Pay, or perform in sex show". AsiaOne. Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Archived from the original on 2010-08-28. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ a b Salvatore Mann. "World's Best Strip Clubs". www.uk.askmen.com. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
- ISBN 978-0-8147-4014-9. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Holsopple, Kelly (1998). "Stripclubs According to Strippers: Exposing Workplace Sexual Violence" (PDF). The Freedom and Justice Center for Prostitution Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
- ^ "Louisiana Stripper Burned in Flame-Blowing Dance Routine". Fox News. Associated Press. 2008-04-08. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
- ^ Genson, Loren; Ison, Jona (2010-06-07). "Chillicothe open for adult business?". Chillicothe Gazette. Archived from the original on 2010-06-10. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
- ^ a b Childers, Fred (2008-04-04). "Shreveport Fire Dept. Will Investigate Deja Vu Adult Club After Dancer Burned". WorldNow and KSLA. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "VCG Holding Group, Inc. 2009 10-K". VCGH. 2010-03-12. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- ^ a b c d "Rick's Cabaret International, Inc. 2009 10-K". VCGH. 2009-12-17. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9840855-0-7. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ a b O'Brien, Victor (2010-04-30). "Teen girl employed by Killeen strip club". Killeen Daily Herald. Archived from the original on 2010-11-23. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ a b Simmons, Bill (2007-09-27). "Idiot's Guide to Gold Club Trial". Page 2. ESPN. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
- ^ "News – Ex-strip club manager describes bribes". reviewjournal.com. 2006-04-13. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-8223-2972-5. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ "Exec Sued Over $241,000 Strip Club Tab". The Smoking Gun. 2005-10-21. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ SPIN Media LLC (November 2004). SPIN. SPIN Media LLC. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-84520-129-6. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-4129-7582-7. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ "Naked Ambition". Philadelphia Magazine. 2006-10-13. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
- ^ "Danbury strip club owner pleads guilty to tax evasion". NewsTimes. 2009-11-19. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-56656-489-2. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ a b Schwartzman, Paul (2009-03-15). "Exotic dancer uses labor law to sue D.C. club over wages". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ a b Schlosser, Eric (1997-02-10). "The Business of Pornography". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
- ^ Dan Miller (2008-08-28). "Carmen Hart, Jenna Haze Capture Exotic Dancer Awards". AVN.com. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ Tod Hunter (2008-10-28). "NightMoves Winners Announced". xbiz.com. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
- ISBN 978-1-4022-1217-8. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ a b c d e Matteucci, Megan (2009-10-22). "Police: Strip club offered drugs, sex". ajc.com. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-55022-371-2. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Erskine, Michael. "Exotic dance club is still open despite lawsuits". The Commercial Appeal. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-8147-9933-8. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ "Refreshed MySpace Desperately Seeks Users". Yahoo News. 2010-07-17. Archived from the original on 2010-07-20. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Jenn Shreve (2006-04-18). "MySpace Faces a Perp Problem". Wired. Archived from the original on 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-215-53021-9. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-84511-318-6. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-8050-8132-9. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-275-99920-9. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- .
- ^ ISBN 978-1-59858-324-3.
- JSTOR 799871.
- S2CID 143816262.
- ^ Helliker, Kevin (2009-02-13). "A Reporter Faces the Naked Truth". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ a b Oliver, Kealan (2010-03-08). "Strip Club Bartender Jennifer Paviglianiti Says She was Demoted Because of "Unsexy" Pregnancy". CBS News. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
- ^ Chotzinoff, Robin (2003-07-10). "Bare Necessities". Denver Westword. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "Bouncers react to killings". Record-Journal. 2009-05-16. Archived from the original on 2014-03-05. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
- ^ "When off-duty police fire their weapons". Chicago Tribune. 2009-12-06. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
- ^ Harris, Hamil R. (2008-01-25). "Man, 25, Killed Outside Strip Club in Capitol Heights". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
- ^ Levitan, Corey (2006-03-27). "STRIP CLUB DJ: Land of a Thousand Dances". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ Clarke, Norm (2008-02-01). "Feds take a look at LV cash flow". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ Schneider, Michael (1994-06-18). "This is God's House". The Free Lance-Star. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ISBN 978-0-451-21022-7. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Sixel, L. M. (2010-05-13). "EEOC says age bias behind firing of strip-club waitress". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ Charnas, Dan (2006-01-10). "Shot girls gone wild: heating up the fight for your drink dollar". azcentral.com. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ISBN 9780786435227.
- ^ New York Media, LLC (1995-09-25). New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Cherkis, Jason (2010-03-23). "Our Morning Roundup: Ward 5 Gets A Strip Club". Washington City Paper. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ a b Cook, Daniel (2008-04-09). "Who'd be a toilet attendant?". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
- guardian.co.uk. London. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ "City plans crackdown on some sex businesses" – Houston Chronicle, 2007
- S2CID 146126872. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2007-08-23.
- ^ Freridge, Michael (2005). "A Report on the Adult Entertainment Industry". Free Speech Coalition. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
- ^ "Naked Profits: Rick's Cabaret". Equities Magazine. March 2008. Archived from the original on 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- ^ Scott, Lisa (2010-03-11). "Strip clubs 'may die out' if new lap-dancing laws come into place". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ Bell, Rachel (2008-03-19). "The reality of lap-dancing, by a former dancer". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ISBN 978-1-85109-459-2. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-495-59977-7. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-981-05-5302-9. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-8133-3424-0. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ "Strip Club Wedding: RICK Buys VCGH". Barron's. 2006-02-16. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- ^ "Rick's Cabaret deal to buy strip-club company VCG Holdings is off". Denver Business Journal. 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ a b "Scores Holding Company, Inc. 2009 10-K". SCRH. 2010-04-15. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- ^ a b AFP, Tokyo (2002-02-25). "Japan's recession hits sex clubs". Agence France-Presse (AFP). Retrieved 2010-07-03.
- ^ a b Hudson, Kirk (2009-06-11). "Some Gentlemen's Clubs Strip Down Upscale Offerings as Business Slumps". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ O'Donnell, Jayne (2006-03-22). "Should business execs meet at strip clubs?". USA Today. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- ^ a b Smith, Van (2000-02-02). "Around the Block: The Colorful Past, Controversial Present, and Uncertain Future of Baltimore's Red-Light District". Baltimore City Paper. Archived from the original on 2009-12-12. Retrieved 2010-07-18.
- ISBN 978-0-415-91822-0. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ "Furtive phone photography spurs ban". BBC News. 2003-04-04. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ a b "Bucks naked: here's the bottom line on running a topless club". Business North Carolina. 1996-04-01. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- ISBN 978-0-7546-7460-3. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Kiko Wu (2000). "stripper-faq: making money". stripper-faq.org. Archived from the original on 2017-01-25. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
- ISBN 978-1-59858-324-3. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Trevino, Monica (2009-03-19). "Strip club fair offers solution to skimpy job market". CNN. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4200-5943-4.
- ^ "Strip scene gossip for December". Strip-magazine.com. Archived from the original on 2006-11-18. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Shaprio, Brian (2010-04-23). "Families outraged over strip club advertising on Kids Day". MyNorthwest.com (Bonneville International). Archived from the original on 2010-04-28. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
- ^ "Settlements and Verdicts: Elite Cabaret". Online Legal Media. 2007-08-31. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
- ^ Fourie, Magdel (2009-09-30). "Storm over Teazers billboard". news24.com. Retrieved 2010-07-01.
- ^ South African Press Association (2008-05-14). "Teazers billboard 'degrading'". News24.com. Retrieved 2010-07-01.
- ^ Sabela, Zanele (2009-10-01). "Teazers boss: R20,000 not a guilty payment". Times Live (AVUSA, Inc.). Retrieved 2010-07-01.
- ^ South African Press Association (2010-05-04). "Strip-club owner dies in hail of bullets". Mail & Guardian Online. Retrieved 2010-07-01.
- ^ a b c d Dan Herbeck (2010-08-03). "Strip club owner professes legitimacy". The Buffalo News. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-7658-0651-2. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ "San Diego Municipal Code: Chapter 3: Business Regulations, Business Taxes, Permits and Licenses: Division 36: Nude Entertainment Business" (PDF). City of San Diego. November 2000. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ "More bad news? What else is new?". The San Diego Union-Tribune. 2005-06-19. Archived from the original on 2013-02-18. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ Nude Dancing Archived 2004-12-22 at the Library of Congress Web Archives (from the First Amendment Center website)
- ^ "Detroit Passes New Strip Club Rules". ClickOn Detroit. 2010-02-21. Archived from the original on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ "Another Houston Strip Club Raided". The Smoking Gun. 2008-06-02. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ "Detroit City Council To Vote on Strip Club Restrictions". The Smoking Gun. 2009-11-11. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ "Working To End Human Trafficking". Voice of America News. 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
- ^ "Nixon Bans Full Nudity, Alcohol At Missouri Strip Clubs". St. Joseph News-Press. 2010-06-26.
- ^ Harrold, Daphne Keevil (2009-08-25). "Bill C-45: An Act to amend the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act". The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ Phillips, Tom (2009-08-17). "Rio nightclub closure leaves prostitutes Helpless". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ Greiner, Andrew (2009-12-01). "Rio Looks to Sue Robin Williams for Olympic Comment". The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ Orbach, Max (2008-06-11). "Tough new rules on strip club openings". Echo. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ "SEV licensing". Retrieved 2015-12-18.
- ^ Stacey Clare; Billy Laser (2015-10-15). "We're a group of strippers working to improve our employment conditions - and we want your support, rather than your sympathy". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
- ISBN 978-0-7658-0562-1.
- ISBN 978-0-7890-2379-7. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ a b Clark-Flory, Tracy (2010-03-26). "Iceland's stripping ban: Does the country's move to shut down strip clubs really make it the most "female-friendly on the planet"?". Salon.com. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- ^ Rawoot, Ilham (2010-05-28). "Gigi's pad 'no clean-cut strip club'". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ Rawoot, Ilham (2010-05-20). "This is why we write about strip clubs". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ Raphaely, Vanessa (2010-05-07). "Giving Lolly-lovers some stick". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ Mamoepa, Ronnie (2010-06-26). "Thirty five Eastern European exotic dancers arrested at Arabesque night club to be deported". South African Department of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ du Plessis, JP (2010-06-27). "17 strip club customers arrested for 'illegal acts'". Eyewitness News (Primedia Broadcasting). Archived from the original on 2011-08-15. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ Duke, Barry (2008-04-12). "Australians are safer in strip joints, gay clubs or brothels than in churches". The Freethinker. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- ^ "Shawty Lo Final Resting Place Has Tons of T & A". TMZ. 2016-10-01.
- ^ Maas, Jennifer (2016-10-01). "Shawty Lo's Funeral Ends With His Hearse Driving To His Fave Strip Club — Watch". Hollywoodlife.
- ISBN 978-0-634-00765-1. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-8204-6806-8. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ISBN 978-0-292-70179-3. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Outlook Publishing (2008-02-18). Outlook. Outlook Publishing. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Castellanos, Melissa (2007-08-20). ""Bada Bing" Auction Sales Go "Bada Boom": HBO Series Memorabilia To Be Auctioned Online". CBS Interactive Inc. Archived from the original on 2010-11-11. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
- ^ "Strip club boss cops plea in rackets trial". CNN. 2001-08-03. Archived from the original on 2009-07-18.
- ^ "Sapphires Las Vegas". Las Vegas Strip Clubs. 2001-08-03.
- ISBN 978-1-85828-829-1. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ "Top 100 Strip Clubs". The Ultimate Strip Club List (TUSCL). Archived from the original on 2010-05-02. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
- ^ "Strip Club List Top 100 Clubs". Strip Club List (SCL). Archived from the original on 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
Bibliography
- R. Danielle Egan; Katherine Frank; Merri Lisa Johnson (2005). Egan, R. Danielle; Frank, K.; Johnson, M. L. (eds.). Flesh for Fantasy: Producing and Consuming Exotic Dance. New York, U.S.: Thunder's Mouth Press, Avalon Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-56025-721-9.
- Frank, Katherine (2005). G-Strings and Sympathy: Strip Club Regulars and Male Desire. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-2972-5.
- Purdue, Lewis (2002). EroticaBiz: How Sex Shaped the Internet. IUniverse. ]