Portishead, Somerset
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Portishead (/ˈpɔːrtɪshɛd/ PORT-iss-hed) is a town[3] and civil parish in the North Somerset unitary authority area, in the county of Somerset, England. With a population of 26,366 at the 2021 Census, the town is located on the Severn Estuary opposite Cardiff and Newport in Wales.[4] The town is 8 miles (13 km) to the west of Bristol and 18 miles northeast of Weston-super-Mare.
Portishead has a long history as a fishing port. As a Royal Manor it expanded rapidly during the early 19th century around the docks, with supporting transport infrastructure. A
History
The name Portishead derives from the "port at the head of the river". It has been called 'Portshead' and 'Portschute' at times in its history and Portesheve in the Domesday Book, and was locally known as Posset.[5]
The town's recorded history dates back to
After the
The town was built at the mouth of a small tributary of the
A mill was built on Welhay stream but this was replaced by
Portishead dock
The Act of Parliament governing the enclosure of Portishead was passed in 1814, and stipulated the right to a public wharf, although there is historical evidence of nautical connections dating back to the
In the 1880s Portishead Dock was acquired by Bristol Corporation, and was subsequently managed as part of the Port of Bristol until its closure.[16]
Portishead power stations
The
Construction of Portishead "B" power station began in 1949; it became operational in 1955.
Railways
Portishead had two passenger stations on the GWR's Portishead branch line. The main station was near the centre of the village of Portishead, as it was then; the other was at the pier.[19] The construction of Portishead "B" power station caused the original railway station to be demolished and a replacement station was opened in the High Street on 2 January 1954.[19] The new station closed on 7 September 1964.
The majority of the line was reopened in 2002, to transport
Portishead also had a second, short-lived, railway line: the
Albright and Wilson
In 1951,
Closure of the dock and associated facilities
The onset of new generating capacity at
The newer of the two power stations ("B" Station) was converted to burn oil when the Somerset coalfields closed.[17] The two Radstock pits ceased production in September 1973 and the last train load of coal departed on 16 November 1973. The price of oil rose steeply in the 1970s (see 1973 oil crisis and 1979 oil crisis) and the two power stations were little used after these events.
Portishead "A" power station was closed in 1976; and the first of its two chimney stacks, a landmark, was demolished in September 1981, followed by the second in August 1982.[17] Portishead "B" power station closed in 1982 and both of its 383 feet (117 m) stacks were demolished in October 1992.[17]
Industrial activities ceased at the dock with the closure of the power stations. The Port of Bristol Authority finally closed the dock in 1992.[26]
Modern marina development
Much of the growth of Portishead's population can be attributed to the development of the former docks. The former deep-water dock, used to supply coal and goods to the power stations, has been fully redeveloped into a modern marina with 250 pontoon berths.[27]
The areas on each side of the marina, formerly occupied by the two power stations and chemical plant, have been redeveloped to provide a wide range of housing, from town houses to social housing to exclusive flats. Development has also completed on the Portbury Ashlands to the east of the harbour (so-called because they were the dumping ground for power station waste) extending the area of the town further towards Portbury.[28] Next to the Ashlands development lies Portbury Ashlands Nature Reserve.
This waterfront development is known as Port Marine. The area has varied styles of houses and apartments, including an area built in the style of a fishing village, which is modelled on the Cornish seaside town of Polperro with narrow streets and multi-coloured properties.
New waterside bars and restaurants, including Hall & Woodhouse, Aqua, Bottelinos, Costa Coffee have opened around the marina as well as a nearby Wetherspoons.[29]
At the top of the marina sits a new
Portishead Radio
Portishead was previously the telephone control centre used by
The radio station played a vital role during the
By the end of the 1980s, satellite communications had started to take an increasing share of the station's business, and a programme of severe rationalisation began, leading to the closure of two transmitting sites at Leafield and Ongar. In the radio station's penultimate year to March 1999, there were on average, per month, 571 radio telegrams, 533 radio telephone calls and 4,001 radio telex calls. In 1998, British Telecom Maritime Radio Services announced its planned closure of Portishead Radio. The long-range services (HF bands 3–30 MHz) ceased at midnight on 31 August 1999. The short-range VHF maritime band services (156–174 MHz) closed at 12:00 on Sunday 30 April 2000, and the medium-range services (MF maritime band 1.6–3.0 MHz) at 12:00 on Friday 30 June. The station closed in April 2000.[31] The Highbridge station has been demolished. Sedgemoor District Council adopted a local development plan in September 2004 that included the site of the receiving station for future housing development. Planning permission was granted in October 2007 for a development of 190 houses and flats on the site and shortly afterwards the old radio station buildings were demolished.[32]
Governance
There are two tiers of local government covering Portishead, at
The police service is provided by
Administrative history
Portishead was an
Portishead Urban District was abolished in 1974, becoming part of the
Constituencies
The parish is part of the
Prior to Brexit in 2020, it was in the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.[42]
Geography
Physical geography
Portishead is a coastal town on the Severn Estuary. It lies north east of Clevedon and immediately south west of Avonmouth just across the River Avon, which forms the boundary between Somerset and Bristol. The city of Bristol is 6 miles (9.7 km) to the east and Portishead is approximately 110 miles (180 km) west of London. On clear days, Wales can be seen across the Severn Estuary from the town. The Eastwood area has been designated as a local nature reserve. It consists broadleaf woodland on a coastal limestone ridge which leads to Battery Point which had a defensive gun position and Portishead Point Lighthouse is on the promontory.[43] There is also geological interest in the fossils, folds and faults found in the area.[44]
The area immediately inland includes the
The Lake Grounds area, built in the early 20th century around an artificial lake, is the town's main park. Adjacent to the beach and esplanade is a 100-year-old artificial lake,
Climate
Along with the rest of
Demography
Portishead had a population of 22,000 in 2016,
Economy
Local employers include the
Landmarks
Court House Farmhouse dates from the medieval period but was remodelled in the 17th and 19th centuries. The Grade II* listed building[64] is owned by Bristol City Council and in 2010 protests from local residents attempted to stop its sale.[65]
The red brick National Nautical School was built by Edward Gabriel in 1905,[66] at a cost of £30,000.[67] Previously it had been based on the training ship HMS Formidable and operated until 1983.[68] It is now part of a private gated community known as Fedden Village.[69]
The remains of a former windmill, built in 1832 but disused since 1846, were rebuilt into a two-storey house and then, in 1908, incorporated into a golf club house.
The 9-metre (30 ft) high Portishead Point Lighthouse was built at Battery Point in March 1931 by the Chance Brothers of Smethwick. The lighthouse is currently maintained by the Bristol Port Company.[72] Black Nore Lighthouse was built in 1894, and was electrified in World War II.[73] In October 2011, after it was no longer needed for navigational purposes, it was sold to a trust for preservation at a cost of £1.[74]
The Royal Hotel in the area of Woodhill was designed and built to serve Brunel's railway line which finished a few steps away from the Hotel.[75] The original building survives as The Royal Inn pub.[76] It was built in 1830 by the Corporation of Bristol (now known as Bristol City Council) in order to provide a hotel supporting the development of the seaside resort. It is thought to be the only seaside hotel to be built by a public authority during the nineteenth century.[77] It is a Grade II listed building.[78] The Royal closed during the latter half of 2022 for upgrades and building works. It is set to reopen in the summer of 2023 as a hotel once more.
Transport
Transport links to Bristol and beyond have been a concern for some residents of the town and a group has been set up to campaign for the reopening of the Portishead to Bristol railway line.[79] The cost has been estimated at £28 million,[80] and feasibility plans are being considered.[81]
The main
In September 2009 a trial was undertaken to turn off traffic lights in Portishead.[84][85] It was conducted in association with North Somerset Council, Martin Cassini and Colin Buchanan. The change was made permanent after some journey times reportedly fell by over 50% with no measured reduction in pedestrian safety, despite greater numbers now using the route (over 2,000 vehicles and 300 pedestrians an hour).[86][87]
Portishead is served by bus routes, including a half-hourly service to Bristol; as well as local buses to Nailsea and Weston-super-Mare. The WESTlink on-demand bus serves the town.
A
Education
The
As of 1 September 2016 High Down Infant and Junior Schools, Gordano School, Portishead Primary School and St. Peter's C of E Primary School in the town, and St. Mary's in nearby Portbury formed a Multi Academy Trust (MAT) called The Lighthouse Partnership.[91]
Trinity Anglican Methodist School has become part of the Bath & Wells Multi Academy Trust.
Religious sites
The
The Chapel of Portishead National Nautical School (now The Fedden Village) on Nore Road dates back to 1911. It is dedicated to St. Nicholas and is also a listed building.[94]
There is also a thriving
Sport
Portishead has a sports and leisure complex, which was partly funded by the National Lottery as well as by funds from the Town Council and North Somerset Council.[4] It houses a large swimming pool, leisure and play pools, indoor bowls, six badminton courts, a gymnasium, a fun room for toddlers, a cafeteria and a licensed bar. Other sporting facilities in the town include open-air tennis courts, a large outdoor swimming-pool opened in 1962 (and renovated in 2009),[96] a boating lake, cricket ground, football and hockey pitches as well as many cycle lanes. The cricket club dates back to the 19th century.[97]
Media
Regional TV news is provided by BBC West and ITV West Country. Television signals are received from the Mendip and the local relay transmitters. [100][101]
Local radio stations are BBC Radio Bristol on 94.9 FM, Heart West on 96.3 FM, Greatest Hits Radio South West on 107.2 FM and Hits Radio Bristol & The South West on 106.5 FM.
The North Somerset Times (formerly known as Portishead Times) is the town's local weekly newspaper. [102]
Culture
The Bristol-based trip hop group Portishead took their name from the town, despite describing it as their "dreary home-town".[103] Chaos UK is a punk band that was formed in Portishead in 1979. The town was also the birthplace of leading Scrumpy and Western singer Adge Cutler.[104]
There are various groups and societies in the town, including the Gordano society that is involved in history, conservation, environment, planning and wildlife issues;[105] a horticultural society;[106] and the Portishead Railway Group that is campaigning for the Portishead to Bristol railway line to be re-opened.[107] There are also church and youth organisations such as the Portishead Youth Club[108] - a choral society,[109] which was formed in 1955[110] - and an annual carnival.[111]
A public art programme started in 1999 from the marina development, as part of a
Twinned towns
In 1989 the town
In 1992 a further twinning arrangement was made with
Notable people
- Johnny Briggs, actor
- George Wightwick, architect[117]
- Adge Cutler, popular singer[104]
- Eddie Large, comedian[118]
- Carol Vorderman, TV presenter[119]
- Chris Harris, pantomime dame, director and writer[120]
- Imogen Cairns, Olympic Gymnast
- Geoff Barrow, member of the band Portishead, moved to the town with his mother when his parents separated.
- Admiral Sir Tony Radakin, KCB, ADC, Naval Officer and current Chief of the Defence Staff[122]
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- Sources
- ISBN 978-1-85260-049-5.
- Crowhurst, Ken (2001). Images of England: Portishead. Stroud: Tempus Publishing/The History Press Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7524-2240-4.
- Smith, Martin (1992). The Railways of Bristol & Somerset. Sherton: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7110-2063-4.
- Winter, Michael T. (2005). The Portishead Coal Boats: A History of Osborn & Wallis Ltd, Bristol. Lydney: Black Dwarf Publications. ISBN 978-1-903599-13-6.
External links
- Portishead at Curlie