Social Democrat Hunchakian Party

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"Hunchak" redirects here. For the journal, see Hunchak (journal).
Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
Սոցիալ Դեմոկրատ Հնչակյան Կուսակցություն
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Parliament of Lebanon
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Timeline • Origins • Etymology

The Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (SDHP) (

Armenian national liberation movement.[6]

The party is also known as Hentchak, Henchak, Social-Democratic Hentchaks, Huntchakians, Hnchakian, Henchags, and its name is taken from its newspaper Hunchak, meaning "clarion" or "bell". This is taken by party members to represent "a call or awakening, for enlightenment and freedom".

History

All seven founders of the party were

Turkish Armenia, they formed the Hunchakian Revolutionary Party in August, 1887. The party's manifesto, printed in the first issue of Hunchak journal, contained this slogan: "Those who cannot attain freedom through revolutionary armed struggle are unworthy of it".[7]

Hunchakian Ardziv fedayi group

The Hunchak party fought many battles against the Ottoman Empire, to free the Armenian people from Turkish rule. During this period, many famous intellectuals joined Hunchakian party, including

Andranik Ozanian, at first, joined the Hunchak party,[8] but disagreement with party policies led Andranik to leave the Hunchak ranks within less than a year, to join the Dashnaktsutyun party.[9]

In the early days of the formation of Armenian political powers, the Dashnaktsutyun sought "reforms within the framework of the Ottoman Empire", while the Hunchakian party favored an independent Armenian state.[10] Hunchak was the official organ of Hunchakians. In 1894, in Athens and London, the party published a socialist scientific monthly, Gaghapar, which for the first time published "The Communist Manifesto" in Armenian, translated by Avetis and Mariam Nazarbekians. The First General Conference of Hunchakian party took place in London, in September 1896.

In the Caucasus, the Hunchakian party has also played a prominent role, it combated the Russification policy of Viceroy Grigory Golitsyn, the Russian governor of Caucasus. In 1903, Paramaz organized the assassination attempt of Grigory Golitsyn. Paramaz was also one of the organizers of the self-defense troops during the Armenian-Tatar massacres of 1905–06.

The Hunchakian party was also active in the international socialist movement, and was represented at the 1904 congress of the Second International by Plekhanov.[11]

Activities in the Ottoman Empire

On 27 July 1890, Hunchakian activists

Kum Kapu Affray in Constantinople, which demanded the implementation of reforms in the Western Armenian
provinces. In the early 1890s, frequent clashes between the Armenian inhabitants of Sason and the Turkish forces took place because of Sassontsis' refusal to pay retroactive taxes to the Turkish government.

Hambartsum Boyajian, Kevork Chavush, and Hrayr Dzhoghk
.

In 1913, Hunchakian leader Paramaz participated in the 7th Conference of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party in

19 other his comrades
were hanged in the central square of Constantinople.

See also:
Armenian rebellions in the Ottoman Empire

First Republic of Armenia

The party also played a role in the establishment of the

Army of Islam
of the Ottoman Empire.

Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic

After the takeover of the Armenian communists of power in Armenia in 1921 and dissolving of the Democratic Republic of Armenia, and the declaration of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, all political parties apart from the Armenian Communist Party were forbidden. Thus the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, alongside all the other Armenian traditional political parties, effectively became a party of the Armenian diaspora only.

But the party remained in general a supporter of the development of the Armenian SSR for many decades, in sharp contrast to the

Armenian Democratic Liberal Party
(ADL) was seen as a political ally on the side of the SDHP and in opposition to the ARF.

Independent Armenia

Following Armenia's independence from the

Armenian Diaspora
.

Activities in Lebanon

In the 1950s, the party clashed, sometimes violently, with the

Catholicos of Cilicia
, a move that was rejected by the Hunchaks. This period was characterized by an escalation of conflict between the ARF on one side, and the SDHP and the ally ADL (Ramgavars) on the other side.

In the midst of increasing

Lebanese Parliament
for many years.

The party subscribes to a

National Assembly of Lebanon
.

Ideology

The party declares itself as a national social democratic party. The party advocates for free education and healthcare, the promotion of human rights and equality, maintaining a strong democracy, protecting the environment, and creating a decentralized social economy. The party also supports the unification of Artsakh with Armenia.[12]

In terms of foreign policy, the party supports Armenia developing closer cooperation within European structures, and developing closer ties with Georgia, Iran, China, and Japan.[12] On 28 November 2023, the party announced its support for Armenia to join the European Union and to reduce its dependency on Russia.[13]

Electoral record

MPs in the Armenian National Assembly (since 1990)
  • Norair Iskhanian (1990–1995)
  • Mekhak Mkhitarian (1990–1995)
  • Rafael Melkonian (1990–1995)
  • Yeghia Natcharian (1995–1999)

The party was a previous member of the

extra-parliamentary
force.

In June 2023, the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party and the European Party of Armenia formed an electoral alliance, known as Dignified Yerevan. The alliance nominated Karen Sargsyan as its candidate for the position of Mayor of Yerevan in municipal elections for September 2023.[15] The alliance, however, dissolved in August 2023 prior to the elections.

Affiliate organizations

The Hunchakian party has established affiliate organizations such as the AEBU which is an organization that helps with educational, health and social care, the Dekhrouni Student & Youth Association (founded in 1952, in Beirut), the Gaidz Youth Organization (founded in 1910, in Constantinople), Nor Serount Cultural Association (founded in 1954, in Beirut), and HMM (Homenmen) which is an independent sporting organization but strongly affiliated with the SDHP (not to be confused with Homenetmen considered largely affiliated with the ARF).

Party publications

Hunchak journal

Hunchak (also Hnchak, Hentchak, "Bell" in Armenian) was the official organ of the party. It was founded by Avetis Nazarbekian and published originally in Geneva and later in Montpellier and Paris (France), Greece, London, and Providence (United States), 1887–1915, 1935–1940. The main purpose of the paper was a propaganda organ of the Armenian national movement for the liberation, the resistance in Western Armenian regions. Hunchak also supported the ideology of social-democracy and worker's consolidation.

Present-day party publications include:

Recent developments

The party's 20th General Conference took place in September 2013, in Yerevan and Tsaghkadzor, with the participation of delegates from 17 countries.[16]

The party's 22nd General Conference took place in September 2022, in Yerevan (coinciding with the 135th anniversary of the party's founding), with the participation of delegates from 14 countries.[17][18][19]

Prominent members

See also

References

  1. ^ "Պատրաստակամ ենք Ձեզ հետ համագործակցելու բոլոր ոլորտներում՝ Սփյուռքի մեջ և հայրենիքում. ՍԴՀԿ պատվիրակությունը՝ Նիկոլ Փաշինյանին". www.primeminister.am.
  2. ^ Ռ/Կ, «Ազատություն» (September 20, 2022). "Փաշինյանը հանդիպել է արտախորհրդարանական քաղաքական ուժերի ղեկավարներին" – via www.azatutyun.am.
  3. ^ "Nikol Pashinyan meets with SDHK Chairman Sedrak Achemyan". www.primeminister.am.
  4. ^ "Յուրաքանչյուր երկրորդ չափահաս հայաստանցին կուսակցակա՞ն". www.tert.am.
  5. ^ "Social Democrat Hunchakian Party". www.hunchak.org.au.
  6. ^ Lebanon a Country Study By Federal Research Division - Page 185
  7. ISBN 0-9622741-1-9
    , p. 58
  8. ^ Andranikological Review, Yerevan, #1 (3), 2003, p. 7.
  9. ^ "David Wilson's Homepage". wilson.engr.wisc.edu.
  10. ^ The Armenian Genocide in Perspective, by Richard G. Hovannisian, Transaction Publishers, 2009 – p.
  11. ISBN 9780520303850
    .
  12. ^ a b Gevorgyan, Alen. "Սոցիալ-Դեմոկրատ Հնչակյան Կուսակցություն". xn--y9a2abyp.xn--y9a3aq.
  13. ^ "RA should aim to become a member of the EU, to guarantee our development. Diaspora will support. We are not forever dependent on Russia. Hambik Sarafyan". youtube.com.
  14. ^ "Armenia's June 2021 Parliamentary Election: The Essential Primer". Archived from the original on 2021-06-03.
  15. ^ "Սոցիոլոգ Կարեն Սարգսյանը՝ Երևանի քաղաքապետի թեկնածու | Ֆակտոր տեղեկատվական կենտրոն".
  16. ^ "Партия Гнчакян считает недостаточным прогресс в деле укрепления демократии Armenia Today, 20.09.2013".
  17. ^ "Declaration of the 22nd Congress of Social Democrat Hunchakian Party • MassisPost". October 9, 2022.
  18. ^ "ՍԴՀ կուսակցությունն իր երկարամյա գործունեությամբ ծառայել է մեր ժողովրդին․ Նիկոլ Փաշինյանի շնորհավորական ուղերձը".
  19. ^ "President Khachaturyan received the SDHP Central Committee members - Press releases - Updates - The President of the Republic of Armenia". www.president.am.

Further reading

External links

Associate organizations:

Media:

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