Sodium triphosphate

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Not to be confused with Trisodium phosphate.
Sodium triphosphate
Names
IUPAC name
Pentasodium triphosphate
Other names
sodium tripolyphosphate, polygon, STPP
Identifiers
ECHA InfoCard
 100.028.944 Edit this at Wikidata
E number E451 (thickeners, ...)
RTECS number
  • YK4570000
UNII
Properties
Na5P3O10
Molar mass 367.864 g/mol
Appearance white powder
Density 2.52 g/cm3
Melting point 622 °C (1,152 °F; 895 K)
14.5 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
0
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 1469
Related compounds
Other anions
 Trisodium phosphate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate
Sodium hexametaphosphate
Other cations
 Pentapotassium triphosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Sodium triphosphate (STP), also sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), or tripolyphosphate (TPP),[1]) is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10. It is the sodium salt of the polyphosphate penta-anion, which is the conjugate base of triphosphoric acid. It is produced on a large scale as a component of many domestic and industrial products, especially detergents. Environmental problems associated with eutrophication are attributed to its widespread use.[2]

Preparation and properties

Sodium tripolyphosphate is produced by heating a stoichiometric mixture of disodium phosphate, Na2HPO4, and monosodium phosphate, NaH2PO4, under carefully controlled conditions.[2]

2 Na2HPO4 + NaH2PO4 → Na5P3O10 + 2 H2O

In this way, approximately 2 million tons are produced annually.[3]

STPP is a colourless salt, which exists both in

chelating agent
.

Chelation of a metal cation by triphosphate.

Uses

Detergents

The majority of STPP is consumed as a component of commercial

dications tightly and prevents them from interfering with the sulfonate detergent.[3]

Food

STPP is a

emulsifier and to retain moisture. Many governments regulate the quantities allowed in foods, as it can substantially increase the sale weight of seafood in particular. The United States Food and Drug Administration lists STPP as Generally recognized as safe.[6]

Other

Other uses (hundreds of thousands of tons/year) include

fermentation, antifreeze."[3] TPP is used as a polyanion crosslinker in polysaccharide based drug delivery.[7] Toothpaste may contain sodium triphosphate.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

Health effects

High serum phosphate concentration has been identified as a predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. Whilst phosphate is present in the body and food in organic forms, inorganic forms of phosphate such as sodium triphosphate are readily adsorbed and can result in elevated phosphate levels in serum.[15] Salts of polyphosphate anions are moderately irritating to skin and mucous membranes because they are mildly alkaline.[1]

Environmental effects

Because it is very

phosphate, which is assimilated into the natural phosphorus cycle. Detergents containing phosphorus contribute to the eutrophication of many fresh waters.[1]

The eutrophication of the Potomac River, caused from phosphate run-off, is evident from the bright green bloom of algae.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Complexing agents, Environmental and Health Assessment of Substances in Household Detergents and Cosmetic Detergent Products, Danish Environmental Protection Agency Archived 2017-08-24 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed 2008-07-15
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
    .
  3. ^
    S2CID 94458523
    .
  4. doi:10.1107/S0365110X60000583
    .
  5. doi:10.1107/S0365110X58000876
    .
  6. ^ "Substances Added to Food (Formerly EAFUS)".
  7. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970103)63:1<125::AID-APP13>3.0.CO;2-4
    .
  8. PMID 2524573
    .
  9. PMID 3485495
    .
  10. PMID 6980082
    .
  11. PMID 15642062
    .
  12. PMID 12206029
    .
  13. PMID 17645550
    .
  14. PMID 2088238
    .
  15. PMID 22334826
    .


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