Sodium compounds
Metallic sodium
Metallic sodium is generally less reactive than
Salts and oxides
Sodium compounds are of immense commercial importance, being particularly central to industries producing
Most soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids. Sodium soaps have a higher melting temperature (and seem "harder") than potassium soaps.[7] Sodium containing mixed oxides are promising catalysts[9] and photocatalysts.[10] Photochemically intercalated sodium ion enhances the photoelectrocatalytic activity of WO3.[11]
Like all the alkali metals, sodium reacts exothermically with water. The reaction produces caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and flammable hydrogen gas. When burned in air, it forms primarily sodium peroxide with some sodium oxide.[12]
Aqueous solutions
Sodium tends to form water-soluble compounds, such as
Direct precipitation of sodium salts from aqueous solutions is rare because sodium salts typically have a high affinity for water. An exception is
Sodium content of samples is determined by
Electrides and sodides
Like the other alkali metals, sodium dissolves in ammonia and some amines to give deeply colored solutions; evaporation of these solutions leaves a shiny film of metallic sodium. The solutions contain the coordination complex (Na(NH3)6)+, with the positive charge counterbalanced by electrons as anions; cryptands permit the isolation of these complexes as crystalline solids. Sodium forms complexes with crown ethers, cryptands and other ligands.[18]
For example,
Organosodium compounds
Many organosodium compounds have been prepared. Because of the high polarity of the C-Na bonds, they behave like sources of
Intermetallic compounds
Sodium forms alloys with many metals, such as potassium,
In a liquid state, sodium is completely miscible with lead. There are several methods to make sodium-lead alloys. One is to melt them together and another is to deposit sodium electrolytically on molten lead cathodes. NaPb3, NaPb, Na9Pb4, Na5Pb2, and Na15Pb4 are some of the known sodium-lead alloys. Sodium also forms alloys with gold (NaAu2) and silver (NaAg2). Group 12 metals (zinc, cadmium and mercury) are known to make alloys with sodium. NaZn13 and NaCd2 are alloys of zinc and cadmium. Sodium and mercury form NaHg, NaHg4, NaHg2, Na3Hg2, and Na3Hg.[26]
See also
- Lithium compounds
- Magnesium compounds
References
- ISBN 978-1-107-63845-7.
- ^ De Leon, N. "Reactivity of Alkali Metals". Indiana University Northwest. Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
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- OCLC 717012347.
- ^ "Fast Neutron Reactors | FBR - World Nuclear Association". World-nuclear.org. Retrieved 2022-10-04.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-11-007511-3.
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- ISSN 0926-3373.
- from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
- ISSN 0926-3373.
- ^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 84
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- .
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- ^ Renfrow, W. B. Jr.; Hauser, C. R. (1943). "Triphenylmethylsodium". Organic Syntheses; Collected Volumes, vol. 2, p. 607.
- ^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 111
- ISBN 978-1-85166-646-1. Archivedfrom the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
- ISBN 978-3-527-61192-8.