Sodium periodate

Sodium periodate

Names
IUPAC name Sodium periodate
Other names Sodium metaperiodate
Identifiers
CAS Number	7790-28-5 Y
3D model ( JSmol )	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:75226 N
ChemSpider	58683 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.270
EC Number	232-197-6
PubChem CID	23667635
RTECS number	SD4550000
UNII	98W4A29X43 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30894075
InChI InChI=1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Y Key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y InChI=1/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-REWHXWOFAO InChI=1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES [O-]I(=O)(=O)=O.[Na+]
Properties
Chemical formula	NaIO4
Molar mass	213.8918 g/mol
Appearance	white crystals
Density	3.865 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 3/210 g/cm3
Melting point	300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) (anhydrous) 175 °C (347 °F; 448 K) (trihydrate) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	91 g/L[1]
Solubility	soluble in acids
Structure
Crystal structure	tetragonal (anhydrous) trigonal (trihydrate)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 3 OX
Related compounds
Other anions	sodium perchlorate, sodium perbromate
Other cations	potassium periodate, periodic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Sodium periodate is an

Classically, periodate was most commonly produced in the form of sodium hydrogen periodate (Na₃H₂IO₆).[3] This is commercially available, but can also be produced by the oxidation of iodates with chlorine and sodium hydroxide.^[4] Or, similarly, from iodides by oxidation with bromine and sodium hydroxide:

${\displaystyle {\ce {{\overset {sodium\ iodate}{NaIO3}}+Cl2{}+4NaOH->Na3H2IO6{}+2NaCl{}+H2O}}}$

${\displaystyle {\ce {NaI + 4 Br2 + 10 NaOH -> Na3H2IO6 + 8 NaBr + 4 H2O}}}$

Modern industrial scale production involves the

${\displaystyle {\ce {H5IO6 + H+ + 2e- -> IO3- + 3 H2O}}}$     E° = 1.6 V^[5]

Sodium metaperiodate can be prepared by the dehydration of sodium hydrogen periodate with nitric acid.^[3]

${\displaystyle {\ce {Na3H2IO6 + 2 HNO3 -> NaIO4 + 2 NaNO3 + 2 H2O}}}$

Structure

Sodium metaperiodate (NaIO₄) forms

Sodium periodate can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between vicinal diols leaving two aldehyde groups. This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin. Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3′-ends of RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA as deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.

NaIO₄ is used in organic chemistry to cleave diols to produce two aldehydes.^[9]

In 2013 the

• lead tetraacetate - also effective for diol cleavage via the Criegee oxidation