Television in Croatia
Part of a series on the |
Culture of Croatia |
---|
People |
Mythology |
Sport |
Television in Croatia was first
The first television signal broadcast in Croatia occurred in 1939 during the
As of January 2012, DVB-T is broadcast in three
As of November 2019, all national channels are transmitted via three
Television in Croatia, as well as other
Analog television
Introduction of television
Zagreb was one of the first European cities where television pictures were broadcast. Beginning on 26 August 1939, the Zagreb Fair featured a Philips television system, operated for short periods each day of the exhibition (until 4 September). The Philips television, consisting of a transmitter and several receivers, was operated by Eric Klaas de Vries in the Dutch pavilion at the fair. The fair newspaper announced the event as the first, after television broadcasts in London and Berlin. The programming consisted of comedy, opera, music performances, and the first TV news broadcast in Croatia.[1]
The first TV broadcast after the 1939 Zagreb Fair was in 1956.[1] A transmitter was set up on Sljeme in the Tomislavov Dom Hotel, and during the evening of 15 May 1956, Austrian and Italian channels were transmitted (including Rai 1). The first live broadcast produced locally was the transmission of the opening of the Zagreb Fair on 7 September 1956, and Television Zagreb began regular broadcasting on 29 November.[2]
Development
The Zagreb TV centre became a member of the Yugoslav Radio Television (JRT) (an umbrella organization of television stations in Yugoslavia), acting as Eurovision Technical Centre for the JRT. In 1972, Television Zagreb began broadcasting of its second channel, and switched to airing its programming in color in 1975. The third Television Zagreb channel was introduced in 1988, and teletext service was launched in 1990.
Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, Television Zagreb was renamed to Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT) and it became a member of the European Broadcasting Union; however, HRT suffered significant war damage to its infrastructure as 80 percent of its transmitters and 30 relay stations were damaged, destroyed or occupied.
In October 1999, all three nationwide HRT channels started broadcasting around the clock, but in 2002, HRT 3 ceased operations.
In 2002, Odašiljači i veze d.o.o. was set up as an independent company; it was previously a part of HRT and it was tasked with maintaining the television-transmission infrastructure in Croatia.[2][5] In 2014, there were 26 television stations in Croatia,[6] including the four nationwide channels.
End of analog broadcasting
The
Allotment | Switchoff dates in 2010 |
---|---|
D05 | 26 January |
D03 | 3 March |
D07 | 30 March |
D09 | 27 April |
D01 | 25 May |
D02 | 29 June |
D06 | 20 July |
D08 | 7 September |
D04 | 5 October |
DVB-T television
The first trial broadcasts of
On 5 October 2010, the switch to DVB-T was virtually complete, as all major analog TV transmitters were phased out. The DVB-T transmissions in Croatia are all standard-definition, MPEG-2.[13] MUX A is available to more than 98.5 percent of the population of Croatia, and both MUX A and MUX B are available to more than 95 percent of population in each multiplex-allotment region. MUX D is available to approximately 90 percent of the population of Croatia, and at least 70 percent of the population in each of the allotment regions.[14] There are 897,496 households (60.7 percent) in Croatia receiving DVB-T television only.[15]
The terrestrial television infrastructure in Croatia is operated by
There are nine main regions of digital TV allotments (encompassing larger portions of Croatia) and additional, geographically small allotment areas designed for local broadcasters (typically covering a single city). The main DVB-T television allotment regions are assigned markings D1–D9. The D1 region encompasses
The D5 region covers Istria County and Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (except parts of the county east of Ravna Gora and the area around Novalja on the island of Pag), but it includes the coastal areas of Lika-Senj County opposite the islands of Krk and Rab. The D6 region encompasses parts of Primorje-Gorski Kotar and Lika-Senj counties outside the D4 and D5 regions, except for parts of the latter (south of Lovinac) and coastal parts of the same county opposite the island of Pag. Those two areas are a part of the D7 region, along with Zadar and Šibenik-Knin counties. The D8 region includes the entire Split-Dalmatia County as well as parts of Dubrovnik-Neretva County around Ploče and Metković, a part of Pelješac peninsula west of Dubrava and the islands of Korčula and Lastovo. The D9 region encompasses the rest of Dubrovnik-Neretva County.[16]
There are also 12 local DVB-T television allotment regions, covering specific cities and their immediate surroundings. Those are d11 in Osijek, d21 in Slavonski Brod, d31 covering Varaždin and Čakovec, d44 encompassing Zagreb and Velika Gorica, d45 in Jastrebarsko, d46 covering Karlovac and Duga Resa, d53 encompassing Rijeka, Crikvenica, Novi Vinodolski and most of the island of Krk, d54 in Pula and Rovinj, d71 in Zadar, d72 in Šibenik, d82 covering Split, Trogir, Omiš, the island of Šolta and a large part of the island of Brač, and d91 in Dubrovnik.[16] A local multiplex named "L-ZA" started in 2015 on UHF 41 in the town of Sveta Nedelja, transmitting local channel TV Zapad.
When DVB-T broadcasting started in Italy in December 2010,
Nationwide channels
As of May 2014, there are eleven nationwide
HRT 1, Nova TV and RTL Televizija channels' programmes are not specialized and comprise
Name | Owner | Programming | Type | Ratings (4+) | Year | MUX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRT 1 | Hrvatska radiotelevizija | General | Public broadcaster | 17,83% | 1956* | A |
HRT 2 | Hrvatska radiotelevizija | General | Public broadcaster | 6,05% | 1972* | A |
HRT 3 | Hrvatska radiotelevizija | Scientific Documentary Culture | Public broadcaster | 1,78% | 1988* | B |
HRT 4 | Hrvatska radiotelevizija | News | Public broadcaster | 3,41% | 2012* | B |
Nova TV | Nova TV | General | Private channel | 23,26% | 2000 | A |
RTL | RTL Hrvatska | General | Private channel | 13,40% | 2004 | A |
Doma TV | Nova TV | Series | Private channel | 5,48% | 2011 | B |
RTL 2 | RTL Hrvatska | Series | Private channel | 4,29% | 2011 | B |
SPTV | HOO TV | Sport | Private channel | 0% | 2011 | D |
RTL Kockica | RTL Hrvatska | Kids and Family | Private channel | 2,70% | 2014 | D |
CMC | Author | Music | Private channel | 1,42% | 2011 | D |
*Note: Until 1990 as Television Zagreb[2]
|
Regional and local channels
There are 21 regional (or local) DVB-T television channels operating in Croatia in MUX D. The number of channels broadcasting in individual regions varies from one to four, while some local DVB-T television local-allotment regions are vacant as of December 2011. Four regional (or local) television channels are broadcast in more than one allotment region. All regional and local channels are free-to-air.[23] As of January 2012 Z1 televizija is measuring its audience with the Nielsen Company's peoplemeters for terrestrial, cable and satellite TV.[25][26]
Name | Region | Programming | Type | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|
Plava Vinkovačka | D1 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 201? |
Televizija Slavonije i Baranje (STV) | D1 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 1992 |
Osječka televizija | D1 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 2007 |
Slavonskobrodska televizija (SBTV) | D2 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 200? |
Plava TV | D2 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 2017 |
Varaždinska televizija (VTV Varaždin) | D3 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 1999 |
OTV | D4 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 1989 |
Mreža TV | D4 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 20?? |
Z1 Televizija (Z1)
|
D4 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 2002 |
Trend TV | d44, d45, d46 | Local | Private broadcaster | 2003 |
Laudato TV | d44, d45, d46 | Local | Private broadcaster | 2015 |
Kanal RI | D5 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 1999 |
TV Nova | D5 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 1996 |
Diadora TV | D7 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 2018 |
TV Jadran | D8 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 2001 |
Libertas TV | D9 | Regional | Private broadcaster | 2018 |
Televizija Zapad | L-ZA | Local | Private broadcaster | 2009 |
HDTV and DVB-T2
Experimental
Multiplexes
There are three active
Competition for two channels in MUX B was announced in July 2010, and HAKOM received offers for the following channels: RTL 2, Doma TV, OBN and KN. Finally, licenses were given to RTL 2 and Doma TV.[34] RTL2 and Doma TV began broadcasting on 2 January 2011. Licences for broadcasting in the national segment of Mux D were given to Croatian Music Channel (CMC), Sportska Televizija (owned by the Croatian Olympic Committee) and KN in December 2010. They started broadcasting in late March and early April 2011.[23]
KN was originally broadcast in MUX B; as holder of a
Allotment | Multiplex | Channel |
---|---|---|
D1 | MUX M1 (channel 36) |
HTV1 HD |
HTV2 HD | ||
RTL HD | ||
NOVA TV HD | ||
HRT3 HD | ||
HRT4 HD | ||
RTL 2 HD | ||
Doma TV HD | ||
MUX M2 (channel 44) |
Sportska televizija HD | |
RTL KOCKICA HD | ||
CMC HD | ||
Plava vinkovacka HD | ||
STV HD | ||
OSJECKA TV HD | ||
D2 | MUX M1 (channel 39) |
HTV1 HD |
HTV2 HD | ||
RTL HD | ||
NOVA TV HD | ||
HRT3 HD | ||
HRT4 HD | ||
RTL 2 HD | ||
Doma TV HD | ||
MUX M2 (channel 43) |
Sportska televizija HD | |
RTL KOCKICA HD | ||
CMC HD | ||
SBTV HD | ||
Plava TV HD | ||
D3 | MUX M1 (channel 25) |
HTV1 HD |
HTV2 HD | ||
RTL HD | ||
NOVA TV HD | ||
HRT3 HD | ||
HRT4 HD | ||
RTL 2 HD | ||
Doma TV HD | ||
MUX M2 (channel 34) |
Sportska televizija HD | |
RTL KOCKICA HD | ||
CMC HD | ||
VTV VARAZDIN | ||
D4 | MUX M1 (channel 25) |
HTV1 HD |
HTV2 HD | ||
RTL HD | ||
NOVA TV HD | ||
HRT3 HD | ||
HRT4 HD | ||
RTL 2 HD | ||
Doma TV HD | ||
MUX M2 (channel 40) |
Sportska televizija HD | |
RTL KOCKICA HD | ||
CMC HD | ||
OTV HD | ||
MrezaZG HD | ||
Z1 HD | ||
d44-d45-d46 | MUX L1 (channel 22) |
Laudato TV HD |
Trend TV HD | ||
D5 | MUX M1 (channel 28) |
HTV1 HD |
HTV2 HD | ||
RTL HD | ||
NOVA TV HD | ||
HRT3 HD | ||
HRT4 HD | ||
RTL 2 HD | ||
Doma TV HD | ||
MUX M2 (channel 23) |
Sportska televizija HD | |
RTL KOCKICA HD | ||
CMC HD | ||
KANAL RI HD | ||
TV NOVA HD | ||
D6 | MUX M1 (channel 30) |
HTV1 HD |
HTV2 HD | ||
RTL HD | ||
NOVA TV HD | ||
HRT3 HD | ||
HRT4 HD | ||
RTL 2 HD | ||
Doma TV HD | ||
MUX M2 (channel 46) |
Sportska televizija HD | |
RTL KOCKICA HD | ||
CMC HD | ||
D7 | MUX M1 (channel 51) |
HTV1 HD |
HTV2 HD | ||
RTL HD | ||
NOVA TV HD | ||
HRT3 HD | ||
HRT4 HD | ||
RTL 2 HD | ||
Doma TV HD | ||
MUX M2 (channel 22) |
Sportska televizija HD | |
RTL KOCKICA HD | ||
CMC HD | ||
DIADORA TV HD | ||
D8 | MUX M1 (channel 33) |
HTV1 HD |
HTV2 HD | ||
RTL HD | ||
NOVA TV HD | ||
HRT3 HD | ||
HRT4 HD | ||
RTL 2 HD | ||
Doma TV HD | ||
MUX M2 (channel 53) |
Sportska televizija HD | |
RTL KOCKICA HD | ||
CMC HD | ||
TV JADRAN HD | ||
MrezaST HD | ||
D9 | MUX M1 (channel 21) |
HTV1 HD |
HTV2 HD | ||
RTL HD | ||
NOVA TV HD | ||
HRT3 HD | ||
HRT4 HD | ||
RTL 2 HD | ||
Doma TV HD | ||
MUX M2 (channel 59) |
Sportska televizija HD | |
RTL KOCKICA HD | ||
CMC HD | ||
Libertas TV HD | ||
L-ZA | MUX L (channel 43) |
TELEVIZIJA ZAPAD |
IPTV, cable and satellite television
IPTV is recording rapid market growth; between 2009 and 2010, the number of households subscribed to an
Name | Programming |
---|---|
Arena Sport 1 | Sport |
Arena Sport 2 | Sport |
Arena Sport 3 | Sport |
Arena Sport 4 | Sport |
Arena Sport 5 | Sport |
Arena Sport 6 | Sport |
Arena Sport 7 | Sport |
Arena Sport 8 | Sport |
Arena Sport 9 | Sport |
Arena Sport 10 | Sport |
GP1 | Sport |
Fight Channel | Sport |
Jugoton TV | Music |
DMC TV | Music |
Kino TV | Movie |
Cinestar Action and Thriller | Entertainment & Lifestyle |
Cinestar Premiere 1 & 2 | Movie |
CineStar TV | Entertainment & Lifestyle |
Full TV | Business |
Hit TV | Music |
Kanal 5 | Regional |
Klasik TV | Entertainment & Lifestyle |
MediaTravel.tv | Documentary |
Mini Nova | Children |
Orlando TV | Children |
Orlando Kids | Children |
Narodna Televizija | Music |
RTL Crime |
Series |
RTL Passion |
Series |
RTL Living |
Series |
Saborska televizija | Parliament TV |
Top Shop TV | Infomercial |
Večernji.hr | News |
Zdrava TV-7 | Entertainment & Lifestyle |
Viasat History | Documentaries |
N1 | News |
Viasat Explore | Documentaries |
Viasat Nature | Documentaries |
National Geographic | Documentaries |
History 1 and 2 | Documentaries |
National Geographic Wild | Documentaries |
RT | News |
CNN | News |
Klasik TV | Old Yugoslav Movies |
TV 1000 | Movies |
Euronews | News |
FOX | Movies |
HBO | Movies |
Nickelodeon | Childrens |
MTV | Music |
Dedicated satellite channels
HRT broadcasts dedicated satellite channels for Europe and the Middle East, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand; viewing the channels requires a subscription.[44] Channels broadcast to Europe and the Middle East via the Eutelsat 16A satellite (using Viaccess conditional access) are HRT 1, HRT 2, HRT 3 and HRT 4. The satellite channels are also used to transmit three free-to-air radio channels produced by HRT.[45]
Name | Programming | Area | Encryption | Satellite |
---|---|---|---|---|
HRT 1 | General | Europe and Middle East | FTA/Viaccess 3.0 | Eutelsat 16A |
HRT 2 | General | Europe and Middle East | Viaccess 3.0 | Eutelsat 16A |
HRT 3 | Scientific Documentary Culture | Europe and Middle East | Viaccess 3.0 | Eutelsat 16A |
HRT 4 | News | Europe and Middle East | FTA/Viaccess 3.0 | Eutelsat 16A |
Market regulation
The television industry in Croatia is regulated by the Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries (HAKOM). HAKOM was established by the Electronic Communications Act of 26 June 2008; pursuant to Article 5 of the act, HAKOM is tasked with promoting and safeguarding market competition and the interests of service users in the field of electronic communication services and infrastructure, while contributing to the development of the internal market of the European Union.[48] HAKOM's goals include ensuring sustainable development of the electronic communications market at affordable prices for consumers, providing fair conditions for return on investment in the market and contributing to the quality of life in Croatia.[49] Further regulation of the television is performed by the Electronic Media Council, which enacts mandatory regulation applying to both state-run and privately owned broadcasters based in Croatia. One such regulation, aimed at protection of minors, restricts depictions of violence, sexual intercourse, profanity, use of intoxicating substances and tobacco and other scenes which may be harmful to development of minors between seven in the morning and nine, ten or eleven in the evening, depending on rating of specific programme—advising that the programme is not suitable for persons under 12, 15 or 18 years of age respectively. The restriction does not apply to educational, documentary, science or news programming.[50]
HAKOM grants, evaluates and revokes broadcast licenses for all forms of electronic communications in Croatia, approves mergers of communications-industry companies, imposes fines on those who are found to be in breach of applicable regulation and conducts constant supervision of the industry.[48]
Language localisation
National legislation requires that all television programmes broadcasts in Croatia are made in
Social impact
Television in Croatia, as all other
Even though social impact of television in Croatia is considered to be imperfect and that of variable quality, television is important in the society because it offers a way for
Geographic region |
Population percentage |
---|---|
Slavonia | 79% |
Lika, Kordun, Banovina | 63% |
Northern Croatia | 61% |
Northern Croatian Littoral |
59% |
Dalmatia | 47% |
Zagreb and surrounding areas | 43% |
Average | 57% |
Former Channels
Velebit TV - Gospić along from Čakovec
See also
- List of Croatian language television channels
- Media of Croatia
References
- ^ a b Ivana Rimac; Ivana Živko (26 August 2008). "1939. prva TV slika u Hrvatskoj" [The first TV image in Croatia in 1939] (in Croatian). Jutarnji list. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f "The Evolution of Croatian Radio and Television". Croatian Radiotelevision. 1 October 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "O nama" [About us] (in Croatian). Nova TV (Croatia). Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "RTL počeo emitirati program" [RTL program starts airing] (in Croatian). index.hr. 30 April 2004. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ a b "About us". Odašiljači i veze. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ISSN 1333-3305. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
- ^ a b "Strategies and Studies". Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "Karta gašenja analognog signala" [Map of analog signal shutdown]. Vlada Republike Hrvatske –službeni web portal (in Croatian). Government of Croatia. 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
- ^ "Rokovi gašenja analogne TV" [Deadlines for analog TV shutdown] (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. 8 September 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
- ^ "DIGITALNI PROBLEMI Milna na Braču - crna TV rupa" [Digital problems: Milna on the island of Brač - a black TV hole]. Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 7 October 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Croatia to convert to digital broadcasting in 2011". Government of Croatia. 31 July 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Kupon za popust pri kupnji digitalnog prijamnika – tijek realizacije od podjele kupona do isplate trgovcima" [Digital receiver purchase discount coupons – implementation from distribution of the coupons to reimbursement of retailers] (in Croatian). Government of Croatia. 29 June 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "DVB-T – Television of the New Era". Odašiljači i veze. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ^ "DTV – Plan and status". Odašiljači i veze. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ a b "Tromjesečni usporedni podaci tržišta elektroničkih komunikacija u Republici Hrvatskoj, treće tromjesečje 2011. godine" [Quarterly comparative data on electronic communications market in the Republic of Croatia, Third quarter of 2011] (PDF) (in Croatian). Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Odašiljači digitalne televizije" [Digital television transmitters] (in Croatian). Odašiljači i veze. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ^ "HAKOM intenzivno radi na uklanjanju smetnji u digitalnom TV signalu na području Istre" [HAKOM strives to remedy interference of digital TV signal in Istria]. Nacional (weekly) (in Croatian). 16 December 2010. Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ Sanja Stapić (9 February 2011). "Nećemo dopustiti da Dalmacija i Istra gledaju samo talijanske programe" [We shall not leave Dalmatia and Istria to receive only Italian channels]. Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Priopćenje uprave OIV-a na probleme u prijemu DVB-T signala zbog smetnji iz Italije" [Communique of OIV management regarding problems in DVB-T signal reception caused by interference from Italy] (in Croatian). Odašiljači i veze. 8 February 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Riješen problem ometanja digitalnog signala hrvatskih televizija iz odašiljača s područja Italije" [Problem caused by interference of Croatian television digital signal by Italy based transmitters resolved]. Novi list (in Croatian). 26 August 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Smetnje u Istri – rješenje na vidiku?" [Interference in Istria – resolution at hand?]. Croatian Radiotelevision. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Vodič do boljeg TV signala" [A guide to a better TV signal]. Glas Istre (in Croatian). 22 August 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f "Popis programa i servisa digitalne televizije" [List of Digital Television Programmes and Services] (in Croatian). Odašiljači i veze. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ "O name" [About us] (in Croatian). Doma TV. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c "Mjerač gledanosti programa" [Program audience meter]. Jutarnji list (in Croatian). 12 July 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ Nielsen Company. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Što nam donosi jesen na televiziji?" [What will autumn bring on the TV?] (in Croatian). t-portal.hr. 27 August 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Prihvaćen Zakon o HRT-u" [HRT Act passed] (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ Božena Matijević; Andro Bernardić; Damir Mrvec (16 December 2010). "Ništa novo na pet novih programa" [Nothing new on five new channels]. Večernji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ "DVB-T – Television of the New Era". Odašiljači i veze. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "DVB-T odašiljanje u HDTV kvaliteti" [DVB-T transmitting in HDTV quality] (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. 4 February 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "Produkcija Nove TV u posljednjem kriku HD tehnologije" [Nova TV production using the latest HD technology] (in Croatian). Nova TV (Croatia). 6 August 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "DVB-T2 experimental broadcasting". Odašiljači i veze. 14 October 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ Božena Matijević; Antonio Mandir (28 December 2010). "Na dvije nove televizije u početku tek tri nove domaće emisije" [Two new television channels with only three new nationally produced shows]. Večernji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ "Programska mjesta HRT3 i HRT4 u mreži MUX B" [HRT3 and HRT4 channel slots in MUX B network] (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. 1 December 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ "Popis programa i servisa digitalne televizije" [List of digital television programmes and services] (in Croatian). Odašiljači i veze. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ^ Marinko Petković (27 February 2011). "Telekomi u minusu zbog smanjene potrošnje korisnika" [Telecom operators in red due to reduced user spending]. Vjesnik (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ Merita Arslani (8 June 2011). "Udar na HT: Vipnet kupio B.net za 93 milijuna eura i ušao na novo tržište" [Action against HT: Vipnet buys B.net for 93 million euro and enters a new market]. Jutarnji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "Započinje komercijalno korištenje MAXtv HD usluge" [Commercial use of MAXtv HD service starts] (in Croatian). PC Chip. 3 April 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ T-Hrvatski Telekom. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ T-Hrvatski Telekom. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ a b "Ponuda programa" [Programming available] (in Croatian). B.net. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "OIDC Form_Post Response". sso.hrvatskitelekom.hr. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ^ "HRT broadcasting via satellite". Croatian Radiotelevision. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b "Broadcasting via satellite for Europe and Middle East". Croatian Radiotelevision. 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Broadcasting HRT programmes via satellite for Australia and New Zealand". Croatian Radiotelevision. 1 January 2012. Archived from the original on 20 August 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Broadcasting HRT programmes via satellite for North America". Croatian Radiotelevision. 1 January 2012.
- ^ Narodne Novine(in Croatian). 26 June 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Mission, values, goals". Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Pravilnik o zaštiti maloljetnika" [Regulation on protection of minors] (in Croatian). Narodne novine. 13 May 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- ^ Siniša Pavić (7 December 2006). "Švarci (ne)će "šprehati" hrvatski" [Schwarzie will (not) "sprechen" Croatian]. Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ Milena Zajović (27 January 2012). "'Ko nas bre prevodi?' – Vijeće zna da je zakon loš, ali ga ipak provodi" ["Who's translating us?" - The Council knows that the legislation is poor, but it enforces it anyway]. Večernji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ "Eureka! HRT našao rješenje za sporno titlovanje srpskih filmova" [Eureka! Croatian Radiotelevision finds solution to disputed subtitling of Serbian films]. Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 2 February 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ISSN 1331-0992. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ ISSN 1330-0113. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ "Zakon o Hrvatskoj radioteleviziji" [Croatian Radiotelevision Act] (in Croatian). Narodne novine. 19 February 2003. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ "Odobreni veći prosvjedi; Milanović: Brodogradnja će opstati; HRT ostaje na 80 kn" [Larger protests approved; Milanović: Shipbuilding shall survive; HRT remains at 80 kuna]. Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 15 March 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ Lidija Kiseljak (17 October 2010). "Država HRT-u dala više nego što su svi drugi zaradili na oglasima" [The state gave HRT more than everyone else earned through advertising]. Večernji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Hrvati najviše koriste televiziju kao izvor informiranja" [Croats most often use television as a source of information] (in Croatian). Poslovni dnevnik. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ISSN 1333-3305. Retrieved 27 December 2015.