Matica hrvatska
Formation | 10 February 1842 |
---|---|
Type | Cultural institution, Nonprofit and Non-governmental organization |
Headquarters | Zagreb, Croatia |
Membership (2013) | 3871[1] |
President | Miro Gavran |
Budget | 9,500,000 HRK (c. $1,500,000) (2014)[2] |
Website | www |
Matica hrvatska (
Today, in the Palace of Matica hrvatska in the centre of Zagreb more than hundred book presentations, scientific symposia, round table discussions, professional and scientific lectures and concerts of classical music are being organized annually.
Matica Hrvatska is also one of the largest and most important book and magazine publishers in Croatia. Magazines issued by Matica are Vijenac, Hrvatska revija and Kolo. Matica Hrvatska also publishes many books in one of its most famous editions called Stoljeća hrvatske književnosti (Centuries of Croatian literature).
As of 2018, Matica has 122 branches in: Austria (1), Belgium (1), Bosnia and Herzegovina (13), Croatia (98), Germany (3), Hungary (3), Montenegro (1), Serbia (1) and Slovenia (1).[4]
Etymology
The name Matica is best translated as "The Centre", although the term matica in this context translates as "queen bee" or "parent body", and the adjective hrvatska refers to Croatia and/or Croats. According to this, the name of Matica hrvatska can be literally translated into English as "Parent body of the Croats".
History
During the Croatian national revival there was a great need for the establishment of a book publishing company that would publish books with a nationalist content which were meant to be read on meetings of supporters of the Croatian national revival movement.
According to this need the
Matica dalmatinska
In 1862 the same organization as Matica ilirska was founded in
First published books
The first two books published by Matica were printed in Vienna in 1844 because of the censorship imposed by the central Government on Croatia. These books were Osman, the 17th-century historical-romantic epic poem about events related to the life and reign of the Turkish Sultan Osman II, written by Ivan Gundulić and completed by Ivan Mažuranić; and Teuta, a drama about the Illyrian Queen Teuta and the tragic discord in her state which caused its destruction and subtraction of the freedom of her people, written by Dimitrija Demeter.[5]
During Bach's absolutism
1840s and 1850s were particularly difficult for Matica ilirska. Although Statute of Matica was finally approved in 1847 book publishing and cultural life of the nation were not a priority at the moment due to the
Matica ilirska and Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts
When the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts was founded in 1866 Matica ilirska joined with it so they could together print and publish literary and scientific books. However, due to many disagreements[8] these institutions gradually ended cooperation.
During the presidency of Ivan Mažuranić Matica started to publish literary-science magazine Književnik (1864–1866) and Vijenac (1869–present).[5] Also Hrvatsko kolo (1905–1961; 1905–1948 and 1952–1961 as an annual anthology; 1948–1952 as a newspaper) and Glas Matice hrvatske (1906–1909) were being published.
Rapid development
After Matica ilirska ended its cooperation with Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1874 it regained its full independence. In this period the president was Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski during whose presidency Matica ilirska changed its name in Matica hrvatska because "the first name lost its role and attractiveness". In this period Matica assert itself as the largest publisher in Croatia because it published approximately 250 books. Its goal became publishing fine literature and not science (published by the Academy) nor oral literature (published by Croatian Literary Society of St. Jerome). On March 17, 1900 Matica hrvatska and Croatian Association of Artists founded Croatian Writers' Association.[9] In this period Matica published works on many subject like: Croatian and world history (Tadija Smičiklas, Croatian history in two volumes); geography; paper manufacturing; printing; electricity; magnetism, ores; physics; chemistry; history of literature and art history. Matica also published classic novels written by best Croatian writers from Literary modernism as well as of those from Literary realism. These writers are: August Šenoa, Josip Eugen Tomić, Eugen Kumičić, Janko Leskovar and Vjenceslav Novak (modernism); Petar Preradović, Stanko Vraz, Luka Botić and Franjo Marković (realism). Two anthologies of Croatian poetry written by August Šenoa and Hugo Badalić were published as well.[5] By the end of the 19th century Matica had had more than 400 sales representatives and nearly 10,000 subscribers.
After the First World War
After the First World War Croatia became a part of the new state Yugoslavia. During this post-war period Matica experienced a crisis which was manifested in a decline of the revenue that was caused by the decrease of purchasing power of the people due to war while the state wasn't giving any money assistance. However, despite this Matica published many book written by the prominent Croatian writers such as: Miroslav Krleža, August Cesarec, Vladimir Nazor, Milutin Cihlar Nehajev, Tin Ujević, Nikola Šop, Ivo Kozarčanin, Mile Budak, Ivan Goran Kovačić, Dragutin Tadijanović, Dobriša Cesarić, Mate Balota, Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić and Sida Košutić. After 1928 Matica started to publish magazine Hrvatska revija (1928–present). From 1931 to 1940 Matica was publishing or supported publishing of Omladina[10] and Nastavni vjesnik, magazines for high school teachers and students, as well as magazines Hrvatska misao (Sarajevo, 1943-1944) and Hrvatski sjever (Osijek, 1944). From 1936 to 1943 Matica founded its first branches in Zagreb, Čakovec, Osijek, Sisak, Karlovac, Samobor, Varaždin, Vinkovci, Vukovar, Dubrovnik and Sarajevo.
During the Second World War
On January 11, 1941 Government of the Banovina of Croatia made a decision that the Steering and Supervisory Board of Matica would be dismissed and Commissariat led by Ante Martinović established. After the Nazi invasion of Yugoslavia, Nazi-puppet state, so-called Independent State of Croatia (NDH) was established on the Croatian territory. During this period of occupation Matica has published books written by many domestic and foreign writers, and literature for young people. NDH Government made a decision that the Commissariat would be dismissed.
After the Second World War
From 1945 to 1991 Matica was active in SR Croatia that was member of the Yugoslav Federation since the end of World War II. It was difficult for Matica to work due to the negative attitude of the central government in Belgrade[citation needed] to the institution with a national character because Yugoslavia was distinctly multi-ethnic state and it was considered that any over-emphasis of nationalism could undermine the [apparent] unity of the people of Yugoslavia. Matica's buildings were nationalized and many other publishers also appeared. Regardless of these difficulties, Matica continued to actively publish various books, anthologies about Rijeka, Zadar and the Croatian National Revival, anthologies of legal texts, philosophical texts, art monographs, etc.
In December 1954 Novi Sad Agreement was signed. Matica hrvatska and Matica srpska started publishing a jointly-made orthography manual in 1960. Although widely praised by all levels of Serbian and Yugoslav party officials and intellectuals, the orthography was roundly criticized by Croatian intellectuals, who saw the work as too Serb-centric. Their criticisms stemmed mainly from an analysis of the case of larger differences between the two languages, claiming that the dictionary favored the eastern variant of the language over the Croatian. In 1960 Matica founded its Publishing Institute (Croatian: Nakladni institut).
Matica continued establishing its branches. In this period 55 branches were established. (
(1971).)Matica hrvatska has had an important role in the standardization and promotion of the Croatian language. In 1971, during the
It resumed work after the
Presidents
President[11] | Term in office | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | |
1 | Janko Drašković | 1842 | 1850 | ||
2 | Ambroz Vranyczany | 1851 | 1858 | ||
3 | Ivan Mažuranić | 1858 | 1872 | ||
4 | Matija Mesić | 1872 | 1874 | ||
5 | Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski | 1874 | 1889 | ||
6 | Tadija Smičiklas | 1889 | 1901 | ||
7 | Ivan Trnski | 1901 | |||
8 | Đuro Arnold | 1902 | 1908 | ||
9 | Oton Kučera | 1909 | 1916 | ||
10 | Krsto Pavletić | 1917 | 1918 | ||
11 | Fran Tućan | 1918 | 1920 | ||
12 | Dragutin Domjanić | 1921 | 1926 | ||
13 | Albert Bazala | 1927 | |||
14 | Filip Lukas | 1928 | 1945 | ||
15 | Mihovil Nikolić | 1945 | 1949 | ||
16 | Gustav Krklec | 1950 | 1954 | ||
17 | Jakša Ravlić | 1954 | 1968 | ||
18 | Hrvoje Iveković | 1968 | 1970 | ||
19 | Ljudevit Jonke | 1970 | 1971 | ||
20 | Petar Šegedin | 1990 | |||
21 | Vlado Gotovac | 1990 | 1996 | ||
22 | Josip Bratulić | 1996 | 2002 | ||
23 | Igor Zidić | 2002 | 2014 | ||
24 | Stjepan Damjanović | 2014 | 2018 | ||
25 | Stipe Botica | 2018 | 2021 | ||
26 | Miro Gavran | 2021 | present |
Publications
See also
- Matica srpska
- Matica crnogorska
- Matica slovenská
- Slovenska matica
- Matice česká
References
- ^ "Tablica 3. Pregled brojnosti Matičina članstva u Hrvatskoj i inozemstvu nakon uvođenja jedinstvene članarine 2001" [Table 3. Overview of Matiča's membership in Croatia and abroad after the introduction of a single membership fee in 2001] (PDF).
- ^ "Matica hrvatska - Vijenac 530 - Stjepan Damjanović novi predsjednik Matice hrvatske". matica.hr.
- ^ "Matica hrvatska - O Matici hrvatskoj - O Matici hrvatskoj". matica.hr.
- ^ "Ogranci" [Branches]. matica.hr (in Croatian). Matica hrvatska. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "Matica hrvatska - O Matici hrvatskoj - 1842 - 1997". matica.hr.
- ^ "OGRANAK MATICE HRVATSKE U ZADRU - O nama". ogranakmaticehrvatskeuzadru.hr.
- ^ "Matica hrvatska". arhinet.arhiv.hr (in Croatian). Croatian State Archives. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ "Matica hrvatska - Kolo 3, 2007. - Začeci hrvatske tehnologije – grof Janko Drašković". matica.hr.
- ^ Zdravko Pondelak. "Društvo hrvatskih književnika". enciklopedija.hr.
- ^ Was published until 1939
- ^ Predsjednici Matice hrvatske 1842-2003. (in Croatian)
Further reading
- Aralica, Višeslav (2009). "Matica hrvatska u političkom životu Hrvatske 1935. - 1945" [Matica hrvatska and political life in Croatia, 1935-1945] (PDF). Časopis za suvremenu povijest (in Croatian). 41 (2). Zagreb: Croatian Institute of History: 447–482. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
- Ravlić, Jakša (1963). "Ilirska čitaonica u Zagrebu" (PDF). Historijski zbornik (in Croatian). 16 (1–4): 159–215. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
- Damjanović, Stjepan; Lukić, Zorislav (2021). "Matrix Croatica 1842–2017 (e-book)" (PDF). Zagreb: Matica hrvatska. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
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External links
- Official website (in Croatian)
- Kronologija Matice hrvatske (in Croatian)