Šibenik

Coordinates: 43°44′06″N 15°53′26″E / 43.73500°N 15.89056°E / 43.73500; 15.89056
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other places with the same name, see Šibenik (disambiguation).
"Sebenico" redirects here. For other uses, see Sebenico (disambiguation).

Šibenik
Sebenico
City
Grad Šibenik
City of Šibenik
Top: Aerial view of Šibenik; Second row: St. Francis' Monastery, The Medieval Monastery Garden of St. Lawrence, Church of St. Barbara; Third row: Cathedral of St. James; Fourth row: Juraj Šižgorić City Library, Mandalina hotel resort; Bottom: St. Nicholas Fortress
Top: Aerial view of Šibenik; Second row: St. Francis' Monastery, The Medieval Monastery Garden of St. Lawrence, Church of St. Barbara; Third row: Cathedral of St. James; Fourth row: Juraj Šižgorić City Library, Mandalina hotel resort; Bottom: St. Nicholas Fortress
Flag of Šibenik
Flag
Official seal of Šibenik
Seal
Map
Šibenik is located in Croatia
Šibenik
Šibenik
Location of Šibenik within Croatia
Coordinates: 43°44′N 15°55′E / 43.733°N 15.917°E / 43.733; 15.917
Country Croatia
County Šibenik-Knin
Government
 • TypeMayor-Council
 • MayorŽeljko Burić[1] (HDZ)
 • City Council
21 members
Area
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
HR-22 000
Area code+385 22
License plateŠI
ClimateCsa
Websitesibenik.hr

Šibenik (Croatian:

Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. Šibenik is a political, educational, transport, industrial and tourist center of Šibenik-Knin County, and is also the third-largest city in the Dalmatian region. As of 2011, the city has 34,302 inhabitants, while the municipality has 46,332 inhabitants.[4]

History

Etymology

There are multiple interpretations of how Šibenik was named. In his fifteenth century book De situ Illiriae et civitate Sibenici,

toponym "Sibinicum", which covered a narrower microregion within Šibenik on and around the area of St. Michael's Fortress.[6]

Early history

Unlike other cities along the Adriatic coast, which were established by Greeks, Illyrians and Romans, Šibenik was founded by

Petar Krešimir IV[7]
and, for a period of time, it was a seat of this Croatian King. For that reason, Šibenik is also called "Krešimirov grad" (Krešimir's city).

Between the 11th and 12th centuries, Šibenik was tossed back and forth among Venice, Byzantium, and Hungary. It was conquered by the Republic of Venice in 1116,[8] who held it until 1124, when they briefly lost it to the Byzantine Empire,[9] and then held it again until 1133 when it was retaken by the Kingdom of Hungary.[10] It would change hands among the aforementioned states several more times until 1180.

The city was given the status of a town in 1167 from Stephen III of Hungary.[11] It received its own diocese in 1298.[7]

Under Venice and the Habsburgs

The city, like the rest of Dalmatia, initially resisted the Venetian Republic, but it was taken over after a three-year war in 1412.[7] Under Venetian rule, Šibenik became in 1412 the seat of the main customs office and the seat of the salt consumers office with a monopoly on the salt trade in Chioggia and on the whole Adriatic Sea.

In August 1417, Venetian authorities were concerned with the "Morlachs and other Slavs" from the hinterland, that were a threat to security in Šibenik.[12] The Ottoman Empire started to threaten Šibenik (known as Sebenico), as part of their struggle against Venice, at the end of the 15th century,[8] but they never succeeded in conquering it. In the 16th century, St. Nicholas Fortress was built and, by the 17th century, its fortifications were improved again by the fortresses of St. John (Tanaja) and Šubićevac (Barone).

Early 16th century map of Šibenik by Martino Rota.

The Morlachs started settling Šibenik during the Cretan War (1645–69).[13]

The fall of the Republic of Venice in 1797 brought Sebenico under the authority of the Habsburg monarchy.[8]

After the

Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Kingdom of Dalmatia.[14]
The Italian name Sebenico only was used until around 1871.

In 1872, at the time in the

street lights powered by the early AC Jaruga Hydroelectric Power Plant. On 28 August 1895, Šibenik became the world's first city with alternating current-powered street lights.[15]

20th century

During

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. After the World War I, the exodus of the Dalmatian Italians from the city began.[17] During World War II, Šibenik was annexed by Italy and was part of the Italian Governorate of Dalmatia from 1941 to 1943 being part of the province of Zara
. Communist partisans liberated Šibenik on 3 November 1944.

Šibenik's Borgo di Terra (land-side borough) in 1907 - today's Poljana. In the foreground the National Theatre and in the background the Fortress (Tvrđava sv. Mihovila/Castel vecchio).

After World War II it became a part of the SFR Yugoslavia until Croatia declared independence in 1991.

During the

September battle". The bombings damaged numerous buildings and monuments, including the dome of the Šibenik Cathedral
of St James and the 1870-built theatre building.

In an August 1995 military operation, the Croatian Army defeated the Serb forces and reconquered the occupied areas,[8] which allowed the region to recover from the war and continue to develop as the centre of Šibenik-Knin county. Since then, the damaged areas of the city have been fully restored.

Climate

Šibenik has a

Csa" (Mediterranean Climate).[18]

Climate data for Šibenik
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.4
(70.5) 		22.7
(72.9) 		26.2
(79.2) 		28.8
(83.8) 		34.0
(93.2) 		37.6
(99.7) 		38.2
(100.8) 		39.4
(102.9) 		35.4
(95.7) 		30.3
(86.5) 		28.4
(83.1) 		20.3
(68.5) 		39.4
(102.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		7.4
(45.3) 		10.0
(50.0) 		13.6
(56.5) 		18.4
(65.1) 		22.2
(72.0) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.6
(76.3) 		20.6
(69.1) 		16.3
(61.3) 		11.7
(53.1) 		8.2
(46.8) 		15.4
(59.7)
Record low °C (°F) −10.2
(13.6) 		−11.0
(12.2) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		2.3
(36.1) 		8.3
(46.9) 		11.6
(52.9) 		10.2
(50.4) 		6.9
(44.4) 		2.1
(35.8) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−11.0
(12.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 74.1
(2.92) 		60.1
(2.37) 		62.0
(2.44) 		62.7
(2.47) 		49.0
(1.93) 		53.0
(2.09) 		29.7
(1.17) 		44.9
(1.77) 		75.5
(2.97) 		82.7
(3.26) 		112.4
(4.43) 		95.2
(3.75) 		801.3
(31.57)
Average rainy days 10 9 9 10 9 8 5 5 7 9 12 12 105
Average snowy days 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 128.6 150.6 196.1 222.4 286.3 312.1 358.0 326.0 254.3 199.7 131.0 113.8 2,678.9
Source: National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (Croatia)[19]

Main sights

Main article: Šibenik Cathedral

The central church in Šibenik, the Šibenik Cathedral of St James, is on the UNESCO World Heritage list.

Several successive architects built it completely in stone between 1431 and 1536,[7] both in Gothic and in Renaissance style. The interlocking stone slabs of the cathedral's roof were damaged when the city was shelled by Yugoslav forces in 1991. The damage has since been repaired.

Fortifications in Šibenik

Cathedral of St. James
Šibenik Cathedral of St James
LocationŠibenik, Croatia
Built1431-1536
Architectural style(s)Renaissance
Europe and North America
St. Nicholas Fortress
St. Nicholas Fortress
LocationŠibenik, Croatia
Europe and North America
Main article: St. Nicholas Fortress

In the city of Šibenik there are four fortresses, each of which has views of the city, sea and nearby islands. The fortresses are now tourist sightseeing destinations.

  • Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar in 2017.[20]
  • St. Michael's Fortress in historic town centre
  • St. John Fortress
  • Barone Fortress

Natural heritage

Culture

The composer

Split
.

Each summer, a number of concerts and events take place in the city, many of them in the St. Michael Fortress. Also, starting in 2016 on a nearby island of Obonjan (6 kilometres (3.7 miles) southwest of the city), an annual music, art, health and workshop festival is being held.

The annual Šibenik International Children's Festival (Međunarodni Dječji Festival) takes place every summer and hosts children's workshops, plays and other activities. From 2011 to 2013 the Terraneo festival (music festival) was held in August on a yearly basis on a former military area in Šibenik, and since 2014 Šibenik (and other nearby towns) are the home of its spiritual successor Super Uho festival. Šibenik hosts the Dalmatian Chanson Evenings festival (Večeri Dalmatinske Šansone), held in the second half of August.[22]

View of southern Šibenik from St. Michael's fortress

Sports

As famous sports town, Šibenik is the hometown of many successful athletes:

Danira Nakić, Nik Slavica, Miro Bilan, Dražan Jerković, Petar Nadoveza, Krasnodar Rora, Dean Računica, Mladen Pralija, Ante Rukavina, Duje Ćaleta-Car, Mile Nakić, Franko Nakić, Siniša Belamarić, Renato Vrbičić, Ivica Tucak, Andrija Komadina, Miro Jurić, Antonio Petković, Neven Spahija, Antonija Sandrić, Mate Maleš, Stipe Bralić, Franco Jelovčić
, Nives Radić, Karmela Makelja, and many others.

Basketball

The famous multi-purpose Baldekin Sports Hall was the home arena of KK Šibenik, the famous basketball club which played in the final of the FIBA Korać Cup twice, as well as in the final of the 1982–83 Yugoslav league championship. The team was led by then 19-year-old Dražen Petrović.[23]

The women's basketball club,

Croatian league title four times, Croatian Cup four times, Adriatic league five times, and the Vojko Herksel Cup four times.[24]

The dissolved men's basketball club, Jolly Jadranska banka, played in the play-offs semifinals of the Croatian league championship twice, as well as in the Krešimir Ćosić Cup final game in the 2016–17 season.[25][26]

The biggest success of GKK Šibenka, a club founded in 2010 following the dissolution of the famous KK Šibenik, came in the 2016–17 Croatian league championship season, when the club played the play-offs semifinals against powerhouse Cibona Zagreb.[27] Šibenka lost to Cibona in the semifinals.[28]

Football

Croatian First League. In the 2009–10 season, the club played in the Croatian Cup final, which they lost to powerhouse Hajduk Split
. As of 2021, the club again competes in the Croatian First League.

Water polo

The dissolved water polo club, VK Šibenik, is considered[by whom?] to be one of the best men's clubs in former Yugoslavia, winning the second place in the 1986–87 domestic league season. It also played in the LEN Euro Cup final game of the 2006–07 season, but lost to Sintez Kazan, as well as the club played in the LEN Champions League in the 2008–09 season, led both times by Ivica Tucak, today the head coach of the senior men's Croatian national team.

Croatian water polo internationals, Perica Bukić and Renato Vrbičić, are Olympic medalists. They won gold medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Ivica Tucak has been the most successful coach of the senior men's Croatian national team ever.

Demographics

Historical population
of Šibenik
YearPop.±%
1961 44,440—    
1971 47,122+6.0%
1981 51,445+9.2%
1991 55,842+8.5%
2001 51,553−7.7%
2011 46,332−10.1%
Source: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, DZS, Zagreb, 2005

In the 2011 Croatian census, Šibenik's total city population is 46,332 which makes it the tenth-largest city in Croatia, with 34,302 in the urban settlement.[4]

Of Šibenik's citizens, 94.02% were ethnic Croats.

The list of settlements is as follows:[4]

City of Šibenik: Population trends 1857–2021
population
15269
17245
17908
19572
23528
28514
31735
34952
33343
37161
44440
47122
51445
55842
51553
46332
42599
18571869188018901900191019211931194819531961197119811991200120112021
Sources: Croatian Bureau of Statistics publications

Economy

Port

Šibenik is one of the best protected ports on the Croatian Adriatic and is situated on the estuary of the

Krka River. The approach channel is navigable by ships up to 50,000 tonnes deadweight. The port itself has depths up to 40 m.[29]

Transportation

Šibenik has a railway station which is a terminus of the local Perković - Šibenik railway, a branch of M604 railway connecting Zagreb and Split via Knin. The train services are operated by Croatian Railways.[citation needed]

Bus station Šibenik is connected by daily bus lines with the surrounding towns such as Vodice, Pirovac, Biograd na Moru. There are good connections to major cities across Croatia: Rijeka, Crikvenica, Zagreb, Osijek, Zadar, Split, Makarska, Dubrovnik.[30]

International relations

Šibenik is

twinned
with:

Image gallery

  • Šibenik harbor
    Šibenik harbor
  • Sunrise in Šibenik
    Sunrise in Šibenik
  • Square of the Republic of Croatia
    Square of the Republic of Croatia
  • Šibenik Cathedral
    Šibenik Cathedral
  • Cannons in Šibenik
    Cannons in Šibenik
  • The City "New Gate" (16th century)
    The City "New Gate" (16th century)
  • Town Hall
    Town Hall
  • Šibenik City Library
    Šibenik City Library
  • Šibenik City Guard, a historical military unit
    Šibenik City Guard, a historical military unit
  • St. Michael's Fortress
    St. Michael's Fortress
  • Šibenik sunset
    Šibenik sunset
  • View from Banj beach to St. Anthony Channel
    View from Banj beach to St. Anthony Channel
  • Fountain located in the Robert Visiani Park
    Fountain located in the Robert Visiani Park
  • Šibenik coast
    Šibenik coast
  • Šibenik sea including Banj beach and Šibenik Bridge
    Šibenik sea including Banj beach and Šibenik Bridge
  • St. John's Church bell tower
    St. John's Church bell tower
  • Entrance to the church of St. Francis
    Entrance to the church of St. Francis
  • Pellegrini Palace
    Pellegrini Palace
  • Sunset-over-St-Anthony-Channel
    Sunset over St. Anthony's Channel
  • Beach-Banj-traditional-New-Year's-Day-swimming
    Banj beach's traditional New Year's Day swimming

See also

References

  1. ^ "Gradonačelnik Grada Šibenika". Službene stranice Grada Šibenika. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  2. Wikidata Q119585703
    .
  3. ^ "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2021 Census". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
  4. ^ a b c "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Šibenik". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  5. ^ "O PODRIJETLU TOPONIMA ŠIBENIK (About the origins of the name Šibenik, in Croatian)". Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  6. ^ Monumenta spectantia historiam Slavorum meridionalium: Edidit Academia Scienciarum et Artium Slavorum Meridionalium, Volume 1. Croatia: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti. 1868. p. 171.
  7. ^
    ISBN 1-903471-79-6
  8. ^
    ISBN 1-74104-475-8
  9. ^ Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (1843). The Penny cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 26. Great Britain: C. Knight. p. 236. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
  10. ISBN 9788842702955
    . Retrieved 28 March 2011.
  11. ^ Robert Lambert Playfair (1881). Handbook to the Mediterranean. John Murray. p. 310. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
  12. ^ Fine 2006, p. 115.
  13. ISBN 978-88-8334-334-6. Archived
    from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  14. ^ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967
  15. ^ "Prvi osvijetljeni grad u svijetu je naš Šibenik". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 16 July 2013. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  16. ISBN 978-1-4728-1470-8
  17. ISBN 9788860870421. Archived
    from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  18. ^ "Climate Summary for Šibenik". Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  19. ^ "Monthly Climate Values". Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  20. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  21. ISBN 953-179-600-9
    .
  22. ^ "Dalmatian Chanson Evenings". Šibenik Tourist Board. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021. Live performances with orchestra and choir accompany the best Croatian artists, composers and songwriters.
  23. ^ Ferić, Diana (9 April 2013). "DOGODILO SE NA DANAŠNJI DAN 1983.: KK "Šibenka" osvojila titulu prvaka Jugoslavije". mok.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  24. ^ "POVIJEST KLUBA – ŽKK Šibenik" (in Croatian). ŽKK Šibenik. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  25. ^ M.Č. (21 May 2014). "Jolly uz pomoć Kvarnera u polufinalu, Cibona obranila drugo mjesto". Gol.hr (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  26. ^ Žurić, Ivan (18 February 2017). "Cedevita razbila Jolly i po četvrti put u nizu uzela Kup". tportal.hr (in Croatian). Tportal. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  27. ^ "Šibenik u polufinalu doigravanja Prvenstva Hrvatske" (in Croatian). Croatian Basketball Federation. 30 April 2017. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  28. ^ "CIBONA QUALIFIED FOR THE 2016/17 CROATIAN CHAMPIONSHIP FINALS". aba-liga.com. 10 May 2017. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  29. ^ "Basic Information". www.portauthority-sibenik.hr. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  30. ^ "Bus Station Sibenik, contact, timetable and working hours | Arriva Croatia". www.arriva.com.hr. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  31. ^ "Civitanova Marche — Twin Towns". Civitanova Marche. Archived from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
  32. ^ "45 ans de jumelage : Histoire de cités Le jumelage à Voiron" [45 years of twinning: The history of Voiron's twin towns]. Voiron Hôtel de Ville [Voiron council] (in French). Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  33. ^ "Sibenik : (Croatie) Ville jumelée avec Voiron" [Šibenik, Croatia: Twin town of Voiron]. Voiron Hôtel de Ville [Voiron council] (in French). Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category:Šibenik.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Šibenik.

43°44′06″N 15°53′26″E / 43.73500°N 15.89056°E / 43.73500; 15.89056

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Šibenik&oldid=1219086869"