Windows 10 Mobile

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the similarly-named Windows CE-based operating system, see Windows Mobile.

Windows 10 Mobile
ARM 64-bit
Kernel typeHybrid (Windows NT)
Preceded byWindows Phone 8.1 (2014)
Windows RT (2012)
Succeeded byMicrosoft Launcher via Android in Surface Duo (2020)
Support status
Version 1511 November Update: Unsupported as of January 9, 2018[5]

Version 1607 Anniversary Update: Unsupported as of October 9, 2018[6]

Version 1703 Creators Update: Unsupported as of June 11, 2019[7]

Version 1709 Fall Creators Update: Mainstream support ended on December 10, 2019

Extended support ended on January 14, 2020[8][9]
Part of a series of articles on
Windows 10
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Windows 10 Mobile was a mobile operating system developed by Microsoft. First released in 2015, it is a successor to Windows Phone 8.1, but was marketed by Microsoft as being an edition of its PC operating system Windows 10.[10][11]

Windows 10 Mobile aimed to provide greater consistency with its counterpart for PCs, including more extensive synchronization of content,

developers to port iOS Objective-C apps with minimal modifications. Windows Phone 8.1 smartphones are eligible for upgrade to Windows 10 Mobile, pursuant to manufacturer and carrier support.[12] Some features vary depending on hardware compatibility.[13]

Windows 10 Mobile was designed for use on

ARM processor architectures.[4] Microsoft also intended for the platform to be used on ARM tablets with screens 9 inches or smaller in size, but such devices were rarely commercially released. Windows 10 Mobile entered public beta for selected Lumia smartphones on February 12, 2015.[14]
The first Lumia smartphones powered by Windows 10 Mobile were released on November 20, 2015, while eligible Windows Phone devices began receiving updates to Windows 10 Mobile on March 17, 2016, pursuant to manufacturer and carrier support.

The platform never achieved any significant degree of popularity or market share in comparison to

ended on January 14, 2020. As of November 2021, Windows 10 Mobile had approximately a 0.01% share of the mobile operating system market.[15]

Development

Microsoft had already begun the process of unifying the Windows platform across device classes in 2012;

licenses for an app could also be shared between multiple platforms.[19]

In July 2014, Microsoft's then-new CEO

marketed and sold.[20][21]

On September 30, 2014, Microsoft unveiled

all-in-one devices.[22][23] Windows 10 on phones was publicly unveiled during the Windows 10: The Next Chapter press event on January 21, 2015; unlike previous Windows Phone versions, it would also expand the platform's focus to small, ARM-based tablets. Microsoft's previous attempt at an operating system for ARM-based tablets, Windows RT (which was based upon the PC version of Windows 8), was commercially unsuccessful.[24]

During the

Win32 APIs to be ported to Windows 10 Mobile.[31]

Project Astoria

Main article:
Windows Bridge for Android
See also:
Windows Subsystem for Android

At Build, Microsoft had also announced an

Xbox Live as nearly drop-in replacements for equivalent Google Mobile Services. Google Mobile Services and certain core APIs would not be available, and apps with "deep integration into background tasks" were said to poorly support the environment.[32][33]

On February 25, 2016, after already having delayed it in November 2015,[31][34] Microsoft announced that "Astoria" would be shelved, arguing that it was redundant to the native Windows Bridge toolkit since iOS is already a primary target for mobile app development. The company also encouraged use of products from Xamarin (which they had acquired the previous day) for multi-platform app development using C# programming language instead.[30][35] Portions of Astoria were used as a basis for the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) platform on the PC version of Windows 10.[36]

Naming

To promote it as being unified with its desktop equivalent, Microsoft promoted the operating system as being an edition of Windows 10. Microsoft had begun to phase out specific references to the Windows Phone brand in its advertising in mid-2014, but critics have still considered the operating system to be an iteration and continuation of Windows Phone due to its lineage and similar overall functionality. Microsoft referred to the OS as "Windows 10 for phones and small tablets" during its unveiling,[37] and leaked screenshots from a Technical Preview build identified the operating system as "Windows 10 Mobile".[38][39][40][41] The technical preview was officially called the "Windows 10 Technical Preview for phones",[42] while the user agent of Microsoft Edge contained a reference to "Windows Phone 10".[43]

On May 13, 2015, Microsoft officially confirmed the platform would be known as Windows 10 Mobile.[10][44]

Features

A major aspect of Windows 10 Mobile is a focus on harmonizing user experiences and functionality between different classes of devices—specifically, devices running the PC-oriented version of Windows 10. Under the

Win32 desktop applications, but is compatible with software designed for Windows Phone 8.[49]

Notifications can be synced between devices; dismissing a notification on, for example, a laptop, will also dismiss it from a phone. Certain types of notifications now allow inline replies. The start screen now has the option to display wallpapers as a background of the screen behind translucent tiles, rather than within the tiles.[50] The messaging app adds support for internet-based Skype messaging alongside SMS, similarly to Apple's iMessage, and can synchronize these conversations with other devices.[39][51] The camera app has been updated to match the "Lumia Camera" app previously exclusive to Lumia products,[51] and a new Photos app aggregates content from local storage and OneDrive, and can perform automatic enhancements to photos.[51] The on-screen keyboard now contains a virtual pointing stick for manipulating the text editing cursor, a dedicated voice input button, and can be shifted towards the left or right of the screen to improve one-handed usability on larger devices.[38][51][52]

Windows 10 Mobile supports "Continuum", a feature that allows supported devices to connect to an external display, and scale its user interface and apps into a "PC-like" desktop interface with support for mouse and keyboard input over USB or Bluetooth.[53][54] Devices can connect directly to external displays wirelessly using Miracast,[55] via USB-C, or via docking station accessories with USB ports, as well as HDMI and DisplayPort outputs.[56]

A new iteration of the

ribbon toolbar used by the desktop version, and a new mobile version of Outlook. Outlook utilizes the same rendering engine as the Windows desktop version of Microsoft Word.[45][46][57] Microsoft Edge replaces Internet Explorer Mobile as the default web browser.[58]

Release

Windows 10 Mobile's first-party launch devices—the

Lumia 950 XL, and Lumia 550—were released in November 2015 being the first phones to ship with Windows 10 Mobile.[59][60] Monthly updates to the OS software are being released to address bugs and security issues. These updates are distributed to all Windows 10 Mobile devices and do not require the intervention of a user's wireless carrier in order to authorize their distribution. Firmware upgrades will still require authorization by the user's carrier.[61]

The

Windows Phone Recovery Tool resolved these concerns,[66] and delivery of Windows 10 updates was restored to the 520 with build 10052, and to the 640 with build 10080.[67]

Build number 10136 was released on June 16, 2015, with a "migration bug" that required that existing devices on build 10080 be reverted to Windows Phone 8.1 using the Recovery Tool before the installation of 10136 could proceed.

Lumia 635 (1 GB RAM) due to bugs.[3]

Upgrade release

Some Windows Phone 8.1 smartphones can be upgraded to Windows 10 Mobile, pursuant to hardware compatibility, manufacturer support, and carrier support. Not all phones can receive the update nor support all of its features.

HTC One M8 for Windows, HTC Windows Phone 8X, HTC Windows Phone 8S), although the HTC One M8 for Windows could be upgraded to the public release version of Windows 10 Mobile through the Windows Insider program. While Microsoft stated that the Nokia Lumia Icon may be upgraded at a later date, the company stated that there will not be a second wave of officially supported devices. Microsoft also removed statements which promoted the BLU Win JR LTE as being compatible with Windows 10.[72][73][74]

Microsoft originally stated that all

Lumia 1020 and 1320, were excluded despite meeting the previously announced criteria. Microsoft cited poor user feedback on the performance of preview builds on these models as reasoning.[76] On October 17, 2017, Nearly 2 years after the Windows 10 release, Microsoft released an Over-The-Cable (OTC) Updater tool to bring all Lumias up to date to the latest supported Windows 10 build, even older 512 MB and 1 GB RAM unlocked devices such as the 520, 620, 720, 925, 920 etc. which were updated using the tool to Build 10586 (November Update).[77]

Devices

See also: List of Windows 10 Mobile devices
Lumia 950 and Lumia 950 XL, Microsoft's last flagship devices running Windows 10 Mobile.

As with Windows Phone, Windows 10 Mobile supports

Cherry Trail Atom x5 and x7, and AMD's Carrizo.[78] These plans never materialized.[4][79]

Minimum specifications for Windows 10 Mobile devices are similar to those of Windows Phone 8, with a minimum screen resolution of 800×480 (854×480 if software buttons are in use), 1 GB of RAM and 8 GB of internal storage.

better source needed
]

Microsoft unveiled flagship

Lumia 950 XL, and the low-end Lumia 550.[59]

Version history

See also: Windows 10 Mobile version history and Windows Phone version history

First release (version 1511)

Microsoft announced Windows 10 Mobile during their January 21, 2015 event "The Next Chapter". The first Windows 10 Mobile build was rolled out on February 12, 2015, as part of the Windows Insider Program to a subset of mobile devices running Windows Phone 8 and 8.1. As with the desktop editions of Windows 10, this initial release was codenamed "Threshold", it was part of both the "Threshold 1" and "Threshold 2" development cycles.[80][81] Windows 10 Mobile launched with the Microsoft Lumia 550, 950 and 950 XL. The rollout for Windows Phone 8.1 devices started March 17, 2016.[82]

Anniversary Update (version 1607)

On February 19, 2016, Microsoft restarted the rollout of full builds for the first feature update, officially known as the "Anniversary Update" or "Version 1607",[83] codenamed "Redstone 1". Like the start of the previous wave, the first builds were not available to all devices that were included in the Windows Insider Program.[84][85]

Creators Update (version 1703) and Fall Creators Update (version 1709)

The Creators Update (named after the equivalent update to Windows 10 for PC), also known as Redstone 2, was first previewed on the Insider branch on August 17, 2016.[86] and began deployment on April 25, 2017. It features mainly minor feature additions, including an e-book reader within Edge, the ability to turn off the phone screen when using Continuum mode on an external display, SMS support in Skype, SD card encryption, and other changes. Despite the platform's synergy with Windows 10 for PCs, some of its features (such as Night Light and Paint 3D) were excluded.[87][88] Around the time that the Creators Update was finalized, Windows Insider users began to be issued updates on a branch known as feature2. Microsoft stated that there were no plans to move Windows 10 Mobile to be in sync with the other Windows 10-platforms just yet; media outlets considered this decision to be a sign that Microsoft was beginning to wind down active development of Windows 10 Mobile beyond maintenance releases, as development was no longer directly in sync with the PC version.[89][90]

The Creators Update was only offered to eleven existing Windows 10 Mobile devices, of which nine would later receive the Fall Creators Update:[91][92]

† indicates a phone that is incompatible with the Fall Creators Update.

In early June 2017, a private build, briefly deployed by accident by Microsoft, revealed work on an updated interface for Windows 10 Mobile known as "CShell" ("composable shell"), an implementation of the

Silverlight apps.[93][94][95]

Reception

Year Marketshare
2016 0.34%[96]
2017 0.1%[96]
2018 0.33%[96]
2019 0.02%[96]

Reception of Windows 10 Mobile was mixed. In its review of the

Lumia 950 XL, The Verge felt that the platform was "buggy and unfinished", and that its user interface was inconsistent in operation and felt more like Android mixed with few of the distinct design elements that were hallmarks of Windows Phone. It was noted that the OS still retained much of the performance of Windows Phone 8, and that Microsoft had made efforts to create synergies with the PC version of Windows 10 via its universal apps concept. Continuum was regarded as potentially being a signature feature over time, but that it was merely a "parlor trick" in its launch state due to a lack of support for desktop-oriented interfaces among third-party software.[97] TechRadar felt that the lack of apps was the "biggest let-down on Windows Phone and Windows 10 Mobile alike."[98] After many user complaints, Microsoft started allowing users to downgrade from Windows 10 Mobile to Windows Phone 8.1.[99]

Financial results

According to Microsoft's 2016 fiscal year,[100] the revenue from the company's smartphone division was $3,358 million, a 44% loss when compared to $7,702 million in 2015.

Phone product and service offerings
2016 2015 2014
Revenue from external customers (in millions) 3,358 7,702 3,073

The year before, Microsoft disclosed information on sales of its Microsoft Mobile subsidiary:[101]

Phone hardware
2015 2014
Revenue (in millions) 7,524 1,982
Operating income (in millions) 701 54

In addition, as disclosed in the company's prior fiscal year,[101] Microsoft spent "$2.5 billion of integration and restructuring expenses, primarily costs associated with restructuring plans," which includes the cost of mass layoffs.[102]

Discontinuation

On October 8, 2017, Microsoft executive Joe Belfiore revealed that the company would no longer actively develop new features or hardware for Windows phones, citing its low market share, and the resultant lack of third-party software for the platform. Microsoft had largely abandoned its mobile business, having laid off the majority of Microsoft Mobile employees in 2016,[103] sold a number of intellectual property and manufacturing assets (including, in particular, the Nokia feature phone business) to HMD Global and Foxconn (which began producing Android-based smartphones under the Nokia brand)[104] focused software efforts on providing apps and services compatible with the incumbent Android and iOS instead, and having since released dual-touchscreen Android smartphones under the Surface Duo brand.[105] Development of Windows 10 Mobile would be limited to maintenance releases and patches.[106][107][108] By December 2018, Statcounter had reported Windows 10 Mobile's market share to be 0.33%.[109]

In January 2019, Microsoft announced that Windows 10 Mobile would reach

end of life on December 10, 2019, after which no further security updates will be released, and online services tied to the OS (such as device backup) have begun to be phased out.[110][111] However, Microsoft quietly moved the EOL date to January 14, 2020 (aligned with the EOL date for Windows 7, Windows Server 2008/R2 and Internet Explorer 10) with one additional security update released.[112][113]

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