Xanthoma

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
See also: Xanthelasma
Xanthoma
xanthoma tuberosum[1]
SpecialtyGastroenterology, dermatology Edit this on Wikidata

A xanthoma (pl. xanthomas or xanthomata) (condition: xanthomatosis) is a deposition of yellowish

lipidosis in which lipids accumulate in large foam cells within the skin.[2] They are associated with hyperlipidemias, both primary and secondary types.[citation needed
]

Tendon xanthomas are associated with type II hyperlipidemia, chronic

primary biliary cirrhosis, sitosterolemia and the rare metabolic disease cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis. Palmar xanthomata and tuberoeruptive xanthomata (over knees and elbows) occur in type III hyperlipidemia.[citation needed
]

Etymology

The term xanthoma stems from Greek ξανθός (xanthós) 'yellow', and -ωμα -oma, a suffix forming nouns indicating a mass or tumor.

Types

Xanthelasma

Main article: Xanthelasma
Histology picture of xanthoma showing lipid-laden foam cells with large areas of cholesterol clefts, 10 × magnification, eosin and hematoxylin stain[1]

A

eyelids. Strictly, a xanthelasma is a distinct condition, being called a xanthoma only when becoming larger and nodular, assuming tumorous proportions.[3] Still, it is often classified simply as a subtype of xanthoma.[4]

Xanthoma tuberosum

Xanthoma tuberosum (also known as tuberous xanthoma) is characterized by xanthomas located over tuberosity of the joints.[2]: 530 

Xanthoma tendinosum

Xanthoma tendinosum (also tendon xanthoma or tendinous xanthoma[5]) is clinically characterized by papules and nodules found in the tendons of the hands, feet, and heel.[2]: 531  Also associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).[6]

Eruptive xanthoma

Eruptive xanthoma (

erythematous halo that appear suddenly all over the body, especially the hands, buttocks, and the extensor surfaces of the extremities.[2]: 531  It tends to be associated with elevated triglycerides.[7]

Xanthoma planum

Xanthoma planum (

macules) and plaques in the dermis spread diffusely over large areas of the body.[2]
: 531 

Palmar xanthoma

Palmar xanthoma is clinically characterized by yellowish plaques that involve the palms and flexural surfaces of the fingers.[2]: 531  Plane xanthomas are characterised by yellowish to orange, flat macules or slightly elevated plaques, often with a central white area which may be localised or generalised. They often arise in the skin folds, especially the palmar creases. They occur in hyperlipoproteinaemia type III and type IIA, and in association with biliary cirrhosis. The presence of palmar xanthomata, like the presence of tendinous xanthomata, is indicative of hypercholesterolaemia.[citation needed]

Tuberoeruptive xanthoma

Tuberoeruptive xanthoma (

ILDS E78.210) is clinically characterized by red papules and nodules that appear inflamed and tend to coalesce.[2]: 532  Tuberous xanthomata are considered similar, and within the same disease spectrum as eruptive xanthomata.[5]

Other types

Other types of xanthoma identified in the Medical Dictionary include:[8]

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 18687118
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-7817-7578-6
    .
  4. ^ thefreedictionary.com > xanthelasma Citing: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004 and Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1
    .
  6. PMID 9603797
    .
  7. PMID 21278899
    .
  8. ^ "Xanthoma". Medical Dictionary - Dictionary of Medicine and Human Biology. Retrieved 2015-02-05.

External links

Look up xanthoma in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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