1898 Georgia hurricane

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1898 Georgia hurricane
landfall), Florida, Midwestern United States Atlantic Canada
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Part of the 1898 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1898 Georgia hurricane was a

Fernandina, while light crop damage was reported in southern South Carolina. After moving ashore, the hurricane quickly weakened and traversed much of North America; it continued northwestward until reaching the Ohio Valley and turning northeastward, and it was last observed on October 6 near Newfoundland
.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On September 28, 1898, island stations in the

Saffir-Simpson scale.[2] Around that time, the hurricane turned toward more to the west-northwest, due to a large ridge across the western Atlantic.[1]

On October 2, the hurricane continued toward the west-northwest, approaching the southeastern United States.

Ohio Valley before recurving northeastward, accelerating through southeastern Canada and later dissipating over Newfoundland on October 6.[2]

Impact

Storm total rainfall from October 2–4, 1898
Storm surge flooding in Brunswick, Georgia

On October 1, a day before the hurricane moved ashore, the

Key West, Florida, to Norfolk, Virginia. Similar warnings were issued in the hours preceding the hurricane moving ashore. The advisories were credited with saving dozens of lives and millions of dollars in shipping cargo, due to advance warning for boats to remain ashore.[1]

Before the hurricane made landfall in Georgia, it produced strong winds in northeastern Florida, reaching Category 2 strength on the Saffir-Simpson scale.

Mayport.[1] The hurricane was small,[2] and despite passing 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Jacksonville, produced only 60 mph (97 km/h) winds in the city.[1] However, for the first time in the history of the city, all communications were cut between Jacksonville and cities further north, such as New York.[5] Damage throughout the state was estimated at $500,000 (1898 USD).[1]

The hurricane made landfall on

Tybee Island.[1] Along the Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge, the hurricane destroyed a hospital that helped people afflicted with yellow fever.[8] A total of 179 people were killed along the Georgia coast,[4] and damage totaled around $1 million (1898 USD).[1] In South Carolina, the hurricane produced gusty winds and storm surge flooding. Some slight damage occurred at Port Royal, and in the southern portion of the state, the high tides left damage to rice and cotton crops. The Charleston Weather Bureau reported that "a number of persons were drowned along the South Carolina coast".[1] Heavy rainfall was reported across northeast Florida, Georgia, and the western Carolinas. The highest amount recorded was 12.5 inches (320 mm) at Highlands, North Carolina.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j E.B. Garriott (1898). "October, 1898 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Chris Landsea (2009). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
  3. ^ a b Al Sandrik and Brian Jarvinen (2003). "A Reevaluation of the Georgia and Northeast Florida Tropical Cyclone of 2 October 1898". Jacksonville, FL National Weather Service. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
  4. ^ a b c Al Sandrik and Chris Landsea (2003). "Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565–1899". Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 7 December 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
  5. ^ Charles Hesser (1974-09-18). "Hurricanes of 50 Years Pictures in News Pages". Miami Daily News. Retrieved 2011-10-04.
  6. ^ Kenneth H. Thomas, Jr. (July 17, 1996). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: First African Baptist Church at Raccoon Bluff / Raccoon Bluff Church". National Park Service. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  7. ^ Kenneth H. Thomas, Jr. (July 17, 1996). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Behavior Cemetery". National Park Service. Retrieved January 27, 2017. with photos
  8. ISBN 0822312190
    . Retrieved 2011-10-04.
  9. ^ United States Army Corps of Engineers (1945). Storm Total Rainfall In The United States. War Department. p. SA 3–7.
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