Hurricane Gladys (1964)

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Hurricane Gladys
Gladys at peak intensity
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 13, 1964
DissipatedSeptember 24, 1964
Category 4 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds130 mph (215 km/h)
Lowest pressure945 mbar (hPa); 27.91 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities1
Damage$100,000 (1964 USD)
Areas affectedEast Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 1964 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Gladys was a

rapidly strengthened
, peaking as a 145 mph (233 km/h) Category 4 hurricane on the latter. Gladys began weakening on the following day and curved northward on September 19.

The storm turned northwestward on September 22 and briefly threatened the East Coast of the United States. However, it veered northeastward on September 23 and moved rapidly toward Atlantic Canada. By 0000 UTC on September 25, Gladys became

Mid-Atlantic, New England
, and Atlantic Canada.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
Nimbus I
weather satellite

A

Weather Bureau Office in San Juan, Puerto Rico initiated advisories on Gladys. A hurricane hunter plane flew into Gladys on the afternoon of September 13 was unable to obtain wind data due to darkness.[1] A reconnaissance flight into the storm on September 14 noted that it had strengthened into a hurricane, while moving west-northwestward at about 18 mph (29 km/h).[3] HURDAT records indicate that around that time, Gladys became a Category 2 hurricane as winds reached 100 mph (160 km/h). However, early on September 15, Gladys weakened slightly to a Category 1 hurricane.[2]

Early on September 17, the storm began to rapidly intensify. By 1800 UTC, Gladys attained its peak intensity with

low pressure area over the Great Lakes region caused it to veer northeastward.[3] Gladys then accelerated and approached Atlantic Canada, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone at 0000 UTC on September 25, while located between Nova Scotia and Sable Island. The extratropical remnants continued northeastward into Newfoundland and dissipated later on September 25.[2]

Preparations

As Gladys strengthened in the Atlantic Ocean, forecasters at the United States Weather Bureau predicted that the storm would bring high surf to areas as far north as North Carolina. Additionally, it was suggested that Gladys could have threatened northern Florida, as the storm was on a similar path as

hurricane watches for North Carolina, Virginia, and some Mid-Atlantic states.[7] Gale warnings and small craft advisories were issued on September 23 from Massachusetts to Rhode Island.[8] In Rhode Island, ships of the United States Navy were diverted to Narragansett Bay as a precaution.[9] At 0400 UTC on September 24, the gale warnings for New England were lowered as Gladys turned northeastward away from the coast however, small water craft were advised to remain in port until the seas subsided.[10]

Impact

United States

In the United States, Gladys produced high tides as far south as Florida and

storm tides of 2 feet (0.61 m) above normal along the upper coast of South Carolina.[11]

In North Carolina, the large wind field of Gladys produced tropical storm force winds near

sand dunes.[12] In Wilmington, sustained winds of 25 mph (40 km/h) and gusts of 28 mph (45 km/h) were reported,[14] as well as tides 2–3 feet (0.61–0.91 m) above normal.[12] Elsewhere in the Outer Banks, high winds caused a mobile home to fall off its foundations and blew down two television antennas.[15]

A weather station in Norfolk, Virginia recorded gusts of 38–44 mph (61–71 km/h) and 0.17 inches (4.3 mm) of rainfall. In Cape Henry, sustained winds of 42 mph (68 km/h) and a precipitation total of 0.02 inches (0.51 mm) were reported. Coastal sections of southeastern Virginia experienced tides 2.2–6.1 feet (0.67–1.86 m) above normal, resulting in minor tidal flooding.[16] One indirect fatality was attributed from Gladys when a man suffered fatal wounds to his throat due to flying debris.[17] High winds and strong ocean currents from Gladys produced beach erosion in New Jersey, New York and Massachusetts.[18] In Rhode Island, the outer bands of Gladys produced light rainfall, peaking at 0.38 inches (9.7 mm).[19] A boy was washed into the sea by the waves offshore Narragansett and was rescued by United States Coast Guard servicemen, who dove into the water after two previous attempts to rescue him failed.[20]

Elsewhere

Hurricane Gladys produced rough seas that affected Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the northern Leeward Islands and the northern Bahamas.[4][6] The outer bands of Gladys also lashed Bermuda with winds but little damage if any was reported.[9] In Atlantic Canada, Gladys passed over Newfoundland as a 70 mph (110 km/h) extratropical storm but no damage was reported.[2] At St. John's Harbor, 65 ships took shelter as a precaution. Some ships suffered damage, including two foreign freighters.[21]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Harry M. Hoose (1964-09-21). Report on Hurricane Gladys, September 13–14, 1964. Weather Bureau Office San Juan, Puerto Rico (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ a b c d e Albert Hardy (1964). Hurricane Gladys – September 13–24, 1964 (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  4. ^ a b c "Hurricane Gladys, Big and Dangerous". The Times Recorder. United Press International. 1964.
  5. ^ "Hurricane Gladys plods towards Carolinas". The Valley Independent. United Press International. 1964.
  6. ^ a b c Associated Press and United Press International (1964). "Hurricane Moving on Georgia". Oakland Tribune.
  7. ^ "Shore put on Hurricane Watch". The Salisbary Times. Associated Press. 1964.
  8. ^ Tenenbaun (1964-09-23). Local Statement on Hurricane Gladys. Weather Bureau Office Boston, Massachusetts (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  9. ^ a b c "Navy City takes storm precautions". Newport Daily News. 1964.
  10. ^ Tenenbaun (1964-09-24). Local Statement on Hurricane Gladys. Weather Bureau Office Boston, Massachusetts (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  11. ^ Nathan Kronberg (1964-09-29). Hurricane Gladys. Weather Bureau Office Columbia, South Carolina (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  12. ^ a b c d Albert Hardy (1964). Page Two – Hurricane Gladys in North Carolina (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 2. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  13. ^ "Gladys Hovers Off N.C." Spokane Daily Chronicle. Associated Press. 1964-09-22. p. 29. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  14. ^ Duke (1964-09-24). Report on Hurricane Gladys September 21 to 23, 1964, Wilmington, North Carolina. Weather Bureau Office Wilmington, North Carolina (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  15. ^ Weddle (1964-09-23). Primary Storm Damage Report. Weather Bureau Office, Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  16. ^ Sasche (1964-09-23). Preliminary Report on Hurricane Gladys. Weather Bureau Office Norfolk, Virginia (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  17. ^ "East Coast Sparred as Hurricane Veers". Oshkosh Daily Northwestern. Associated Press. 1964.
  18. ^ "Fickle Gladys heads away into open sea". The Greeley Daily Tribune. Associated Press. 1964.
  19. ^ "Hurricane only brought heavy rains, crashing seas to R.I.". The Newport Daily News. Associated Press. 1964.
  20. ^ "Ocean Ordeal: I Thought I Was Going to Die". Independent News. 1964.
  21. Environment Canada
    . 2009-11-06. Retrieved 2013-02-28.

External links

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