Hurricane Eta
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | October 31, 2020 |
Extratropical | November 13, 2020 |
Dissipated | November 14, 2020 |
Category 4 major hurricane | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS) | |
Highest winds | 150 mph (240 km/h) |
Lowest pressure | 922 mbar (hPa); 27.23 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 175 |
Missing | >100 |
Damage | $8.3 billion (2020 USD) |
Areas affected | |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season |
Hurricane Eta was a deadly and erratic
Hurricane and tropical storm watches and warnings were issued along the coast of
Relief efforts for those affected by the storm were extensive and widespread, involving several countries. Central America was already facing a humanitarian crisis which was further impacted by Hurricane Eta.
Meteorological history
Eta developed from a tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa around October 22. The system slowly moved westward across the tropical Atlantic, accompanied by a large area of disorganized cloudiness, showers, and thunderstorms.[3] The National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring the disturbance for potential development into a tropical cyclone on October 29, as it moved across the Lesser Antilles and into the eastern Caribbean Sea.[4] On October 30, the disturbance moved west-northwestward and gradually became better organized.[5] This allowed for deep convection to become more consolidated going into October 31. By 18:00 UTC on that day, the system's deep convection had consolidated and a low-level circulation had become sufficiently well-defined, marking the formation of Tropical Depression Twenty-Nine centered about 105 mi (169 km) south of Pedernales, Dominican Republic. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Eta by 00:00 UTC on November 1, becoming the earliest 28th tropical or subtropical storm on record in an Atlantic hurricane season, surpassing the old mark of December 30, set by Tropical Storm Zeta in 2005.[6]
Steered westward by a low-to-mid-level
The remnants of Eta emerged into the
The storm continued to move along this course through early on November 9. Eta made its third landfall around 04:00 UTC that morning near Lower Matecumbe Key in the Florida Keys with sustained winds of near 65 mph (105 km/h), and then moved westward into the Gulf of Mexico.[3] Eta then turned southwestward under the influence of a strong deep-layer ridge across the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, and near the East Coast of the U.S. Its overall appearance in satellite imagery from that morning was fragmented, with inner-core convection having become shallow and broken due to dry air. This caused the storm to weaken and its radius of gale-force winds to shrink.[18] It made a cyclonic loop to the north of the western tip of Cuba on November 10, with little change in strength. It then moved northward on November 11, briefly regaining hurricane intensity around 12:00 UTC, and simultaneously reaching its second peak intensity with sustained winds of 75 mph (121 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 983 mbar (29.0 inHg).[3] The eye feature quickly dissipated, weakening Eta back to a tropical storm six hours later, when its center was located about 115 mi (185 km) south-southwest of Tarpon Springs, Florida.[19] It then turned north-northeastward and made a final landfall near Cedar Key, Florida at 09:00 UTC on November 12, with sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). The storm further degraded and weakened over land as it accelerated northeastward, eventually emerging over the waters of the Atlantic near the Florida–Georgia border at 18:00 UTC that same day. The system regained some of its lost intensity once back over water and it accelerated east-northeastward as it began its extratropical transition. By 09:00 UTC on November 13, while located near the coast of the Carolinas, it became an extratropical low. On the next day, Eta was absorbed by another frontal system to the north.[3]
Preparations
Central America
Early on November 1, the governments of
Nicaragua
With the threat of 14–21 feet (4.3–6.4 m) of storm surge along the coastline, Nicaraguan President
Honduras
A red alert was placed for Honduran departments of
El Salvador
The Civil Protection Directorate of El Salvador evacuated residents in Tecoluca after setting up 1,152 shelters across the country. The Autonomous Executive Port Commission considered temporarily closing the El Salvador International Airport due to Eta.[38] The Executive Hydroelectric Commission of the Lempa River cleared pipes to prevent flooding in communities along the river.[39]
Costa Rica
Costa Rica's National Meteorological Institute forecast widespread rainfall in association with the outer bands of Eta, primarily along the Pacific coastline. With flooding beginning during the overnight hours of November 2, the National Emergency Commission (NCE) established multiple shelters for evacuees. The agency planned to set up three types of shelters due to the COVID-19 pandemic: infected persons, suspected infected persons, and non-infected persons. Landslides were expected in many areas due to saturated soils.[40]
Panama
Although not in the direct path of Eta, the fringe effects of the hurricane were expected to cause disruptions in Panama. Seagoing vessels were alerted to dangerous swells in Caribbean waters along with wind gusts up to 37 mph (60 km/h).[41] The Ministry of Public Works advised residents to stay vigilant for possible flooding and landslides. MPO road crews were dispatched to ensure highways remained clear for travel.[42]
Belize
As flooding was a major threat because of heavy rainfalls, a flood warning was issued for all of Belize in preparation for Eta as the National Emergency Management Organization urged residents to evacuate.[43]
Caribbean
Cayman Islands
As the projected path for Eta showed the system coming close to Grand Cayman, a tropical storm watch and a flood warning were put into effect for Grand Cayman and all islands of the Cayman Islands on November 5. The watch became tropical storm warning the following day as Tropical Storm Eta moved closer. Government schools were closed in the islands, as were ports in George Town, Grand Cayman and Creek, Creek, Cayman Brac.[44]
Cuba
On November 6, the Government of Cuba issued a tropical storm watch for the provinces of
The Bahamas
Late on November 6, the government of the Bahamas has issued a Tropical Storm Watch for its northwestern islands, including: the Abacos, Andros, Berry Islands, Bimini, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, and New Providence.[47] The next day, these watches were upgraded to tropical storm warnings.[48]
United States
Florida
On November 6, tropical storm watches were issued for the Florida Keys and parts of the coast of the
Impact
This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: the table below is pre-TCR and several updates were made in the TCR.(December 2023) |
Country/Territory | Fatalities | Missing | Damage (2020 USD) |
Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Belize | 0 | Unknown | ||
Cayman Islands | 0 | Unknown | ||
Colombia | 0 | $777,000 | [56] | |
Cuba | 0 | Unknown | ||
Costa Rica | 2 | $16.5 million | [57][58] | |
El Salvador | 1 | Unknown | [59] | |
Guatemala | 53 | 96 | ≥ $386 million | [60][61][62] |
Honduras | 74 | 8 | $5 billion | [63][64][65] |
Mexico | 27 | 4 | Unknown | [66] |
Nicaragua | 2 | ≥ $178 million | [67][68] | |
Panama | 19 | 12 | $11 million | [69][70] |
United States | 11 | ≥ $1.65 billion | [71][1][72][73][74] | |
Totals: | ≥ 211[1] | 120 | ≥ $7.27 billion |
Eta's intensity and catastrophic rainfall at the beginning of its lifetime followed by its erratic path afterwards bought widespread impacts across Central America, the Greater Antilles, and Florida.
South America
Colombia
Despite passing north of the San Andrés Island, part of the archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, Eta still brought considerable damage to the island. Wind speeds of 75 km/h (47 mph) downed the trees and damaged houses, and Eta also caused severe flooding on the island. Damage across the archipelago reached COL$3 billion (US$777,000).[56] Across the archipelago, two people were injured and 141 families were affected. A total of 6 homes were destroyed while another 64 homes and 24 businesses suffered damage.[75]
Central America
Nicaragua
As Eta neared landfall, its powerful winds downed power lines and uprooted trees while causing flooding and damaging roofs in Puerto Cabezas.
Honduras
Hurricane Eta had disastrous effects on Honduras, largely due to catastrophic flooding. Flooding caused 559 residents to flee their homes and two others had to be rescued.
Guatemala
According to the country's president,
El Salvador
Heavy rainfall affected much of El Salvador as Eta passed to the northeast. Accumulations generally exceeded 2.8 in (70 mm) with a maximum of 6.3 in (160 mm) in the La Unión Department. A total of 107 communities experienced power outages. Nationwide, 1,991 people required evacuation due to floods and landslides.[94] Despite a ban on fishing activities, one fisherman drowned off the coast of Playa El Espino in the Usulután Department.[59][94]
Costa Rica
The outer bands of Hurricane Eta brought heavy rainfall to portions of Costa Rica. The heaviest rains were concentrated along the nation's Pacific coast, especially in
Panama
The National Civil Protection System in Panama, Sinaproc, reported that 200 homes were damaged by rainfall, possibly associated with Eta.
Belize
Hurricane Eta brought approximately 20 inches of rain to Belize causing severe flooding in Cayo District and Belize District. The worst effects were felt in Cayo District, where the Macal and Mopan rivers rose more than 8.8 metres (29 ft), inundating communities from Arenal (on the border with Guatemala) to Roaring Creek.[99][100][101][102] Residents in low-lying areas had to be evacuated from their homes.[100][103] Approximately 60,000 people in Belize were affected.[99]
Mexico
At least 27 people died as heavy rains attributed to Eta caused swelled streams and rivers.
Cayman Islands and Cuba
Eta brushed by the Cayman Islands just as it intensified back into a tropical storm, producing major impacts across the islands with Grand Cayman being hit the hardest. Wave action off the coast caused minor flooding on the coasts. Downed trees and tree branches also resulted. Power outages became widespread across the islands with tropical-storm force winds causing damage to power lines.[105]
Eta bought heavy rainfall in areas already dealing with overflowing rivers.[106] Coastal zones in Cuba were also flooded and about 25,000 people were forced to evacuate.[107]
United States
Florida
The outer bands of Eta brought tropical storm-force gusts to South Florida beginning on November 7. A peak wind gust of 53 mph (85 km/h) was reported in these outer bands near Dania Beach on November 7.[108] Florida Power & Light reported just over 30,000 power outages in the Miami metropolitan area, including nearly 16,000 in Miami-Dade County alone.[109][110] Overall, about 48,500 businesses and homes lost electricity throughout South Florida.[109] Heavy rainfall also impacted the region, with a peak total of 20.74 in (527 mm) in Pembroke Pines, while rain gauges elsewhere in Pembroke Pines and nearby Miramar observed more than 14 in (360 mm) of precipitation.[111] Street flooding occurred in Broward, northern Miami-Dade, and Monroe counties. One person was taken to the hospital in South Florida after being rescued from flooded roads.[109] In Brickell, recently installed storm water pumps to deal with tidal flooding and storms helped clear the flood water from the rain and high tide event.[112] One of the state's largest COVID-19 testing sites, at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, was flooded.[113]
On November 11, a sailboat became lodged partially underneath the
Officially, Eta made two landfalls in Florida - it hit the central part of the Florida Keys late Sunday, November 7, and made landfall again at about 4 a.m. Thursday, November 12, near
Elsewhere
Moisture from Eta combined with a cold front moving eastward across the
Aftermath
This section needs to be updated.(November 2020) |
Much of Central America was already facing a humanitarian crisis, as an estimated 5.3 million people were in need of assistance as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[123] Due to Hurricane Eta's destruction, the economic situation worsened and more people were left in need of aid. With damage from Hurricane Eta spanning the entirety of Central America, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) launched a "massive, multi-country operation". An estimated 2.5 million people were directly affected by the storm, including 1.7 million in Honduras.[124] The agency began relief operations on November 4 in Nicaragua, and soon expanded to neighboring nations.[125] The IFRC dispatched a plane and two trucks carrying 98 tons of relief goods from Panama to Honduras and Nicaragua by November 10. Several Emergency Response Units stationed globally were to be dispatched to affected areas. An emergency appeal for 20 million Swiss francs (US$22 million) was made to supplement local Red Cross activities in Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.[124] Numerous agencies coordinated with the IFRC to establish shelters and provide relief. The American, Swiss, Norwegian, Spanish, Italian, and German Red Cross were positioned to assist any operations. Airbnb readied its Open Homes partnership in Honduras and Nicaragua, providing residents with free housing.[125]
The relief effort was severely hampered just two weeks later by the stronger Hurricane Iota, which made landfall approximately 15 miles (24 km) south of where Eta moved ashore.[126][127] Extreme rainfall and mudflows caused by the storm destroyed or damaged much of what was being rebuilt.[128] A member of Restoring Family Links was dispatched to Honduras for administrative assistance.[125]
Soon after Eta made landfall, NASA's Earth Applied Sciences Disasters program began working with various regional authorities in Central America to use satellite images and data to help teams on the ground analyze the storm's impact as they rescued people in its path. Information was also shared when Iota developed and moved toward the region. In the aftermath of these successive hurricanes, NASA continues to provide information to help national and local authorities in the region identify, assess and reduce the risks related to future hurricanes.[129][130]
Nicaragua
Initial relief efforts in Nicaragua were stymied by extensive flooding and persistent rainfall. The Nicaraguan Red Cross coordinated distribution of supplies with the nation's government. By November 8, 14,362 people remained in shelters and required hygiene supplies. The Nicaraguan Government provided 88 tons of food to the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, the hardest hit area.[125] The governments of Japan and Spain pledged to donate relief items.[131][132]
Honduras
With extensive damage across the country, Honduras's Secretary of Infrastructure and Public Services and Institute for Community Development and Water and Sanitation divided relief operations into three zones. The Government of Honduras allocated US$2 million in funds and formally appealed for international aid on November 5. By November 7, more than 16,000 people had been rescued while 65,912 people remained isolated across 64 communities. The IFRC expressed concern over an increase in post-traumatic stress disorder, similar to what took place after Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Access to clean water was significantly disrupted due to high turbidity and power outages, though 60% of service was restored by November 7.[125] Together, Hurricanes Eta and Iota killed around 100 Hondurans, and local analysts estimated the damage would cost the country more than $10 billion (L244.1 billion) in damages.[133]
Though distribution systems in some regions of Honduras collapsed after Hurricane Eta, some of the water, sanitation, and hygiene services (WASH) have been restored as of June 2021.[134] The economy has slowly began to recover in the months after destruction.[134]
Guatemala
With assistance from
Retirement
Due to the damage and loss of life brought about by the storm, especially in Central America, the
See also
- Tropical cyclones in 2020
- List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
- List of Cuba hurricanes
- List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)
- Storms with similar tracks or impacts
- 1906 Florida Keys hurricane – A destructive Category 3 hurricane that took a winding and erratic path across the Caribbean and Florida
- 1934 Central America hurricane – A Category 2 hurricane that caused catastrophic flooding across Central America
- Hurricane Edith (1971) – A Category 5 hurricane that caused significant damage in Nicaragua
- Hurricane Gordon (1994)– Another late-season Category 1 hurricane that took a similar erratic track through Cuba and Florida
- Hurricane Mitch (1998) - October Category 5 that hit similar areas of Central America and Florida at similar strength.
- Hurricane Wilma (2005) – A Category 5 hurricane that also explosively intensified in the Southwestern Caribbean
- Hurricane Felix (2007) – A deadly Category 5 hurricane that devastated similar areas
- Tropical Storm Fay (2008) – A near-hurricane strength storm that took a similar winding path through the Caribbean and Florida
- Hurricane Ian (2022) - A Category 5 hurricane that intensified in a similar region and made landfall in western Florida
References
- ^ a b c "Global Catastrophe Recap November 2020" (PDF). Aon Benfield. December 10, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
- ^ "Hurricane Eta adds to vulnerabilities in northern Central America". OCHA. November 4, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Richard J. Pasch; Brad J. Reinhart; Robbie Berg; David P. Roberts (June 9, 2021). "Hurricane Eta" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
- ^ Robbie Berg (October 29, 2020). "Tropical Weather Outlook". Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
- ^ Jack Beven (October 30, 2020). "Tropical Weather Outlook". Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Cappucci, Matthew (October 30, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta likely to form in Caribbean to start potentially busy November in the tropics". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
- ^ Richard Pasch (November 1, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Discussion Number 3". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Daniel Brown (November 2, 2020). "Hurricane Eta Discussion Number 8". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ Daniel Brown (November 3, 2020). "Hurricane Eta Discussion Number 12". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Daniel Brown (November 3, 2020). "Hurricane Eta Advisory Number 13". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Stacy Stewart (November 3, 2020). "Hurricane Eta Intermediate Advisory Number 13A". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
- ^ John L. Beven II (November 4, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Intermediate Advisory Number 15A". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
- ^ Richard Pasch (November 5, 2020). "Tropical Depression Eta Discussion Number 19". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
- ^ Eric Blake (November 5, 2020). "Tropical Depression Eta Discussion Number 22". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
- ^ Eric Blake (November 7, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Discussion Number 30". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
- ^ Stacy Stewart (November 8, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Discussion Number 34". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Stacy Stewart. "Tropical Storm Eta Discussion Number 37". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Eta Intermediate Advisory Number 45A". Miami Florida: National Hurricane Center. November 11, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ Holcombe, Madeline; Maudlin, Tyler (November 1, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta forms in the Caribbean and ties for most named storms in a season". CNN. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
- ^ John L. Beven II (October 31, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Advisory Number 2". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Brad J. Reinhart; Daniel Brown; Robbie Berg (November 1, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Advisory Number 4". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Daniel Brown (November 1, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Advisory Number 5". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Billingsley, Frank (November 2, 2020). "ETA: NOT just another storm". Houston, Texas: KPRC-TV. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "Nicaragua declares preventive alert as Tropical Storm Eta threatens". The Tico Times. November 1, 2020. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Brackett, Ron (November 2, 2020). "Hurricane Eta Forces Red Alerts, Evacuations in Nicaragua and Honduras". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "Fast-growing Hurricane Eta threatens flooding in Central America". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Associated Press. November 2, 2020. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Puleo, Mark (November 3, 2020). "Hurricane Eta strikes Nicaragua as one of 2020's strongest storms". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ "Potentially catastrophic Hurricane Eta just off Nicaragua". CBS News. Associated Press. November 3, 2020. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "Ejército moviliza a Unidad Humanitaria de Rescate a Puerto Cabezas". Radio La Primerísima. November 2, 2020. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
- ^ Fedschun, Travis (November 3, 2020). "Hurricane Eta roars toward Nicaragua as Category 4, 'extremely dangerous' storm". Fox News. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "Huracán ETA amenaza Honduras y ahora es categoría 4" (in Spanish). Honduras: Radio América. November 2, 2020. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Maradiaga Valladares, Hebert Ronaldo (November 2, 2020). "FAH lleva alimentos a La Mosquita a damnificados por el huracán Eta". La Noticia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "Policía se suma a emergencias provocadas por Eta". Primicia Honduras. November 2, 2020. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "Más de 120 mil libras de alimentos están preposicionadas para atender a afectados por huracán Eta". eldiario.hn (in Spanish). Honduras. November 2, 2020. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "Medidas anunciadas para el feriado morazánico quedan SUSPENDIDAS HASTA NUEVO AVISO debido a la amenaza del huracán ETA". Despacho de comunicasiones y estrategua presidencal (in Spanish). November 2, 2020. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020 – via covid19honduras.org.
- ^ Pérez, Leonardo Valenzuela (November 13, 2020). "Facing the Devastation of Hurricane Eta in Honduras". Cambridge, Massachusetts: Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
- ^ "El Salvador evacuates flood-prone areas as Hurricane Eta brings torrential rains". Xinhua. November 3, 2020. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "Maquinaria de CEL realizan trabajos preventivos en beneficio de comunidades con alta vulnerabilidad". La Página (in Spanish). November 4, 2020. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ Jiménez B., Eillyn (November 2, 2020). "Eta golpea como huracán categoría 4; impacto indirecto obliga a evacuar 67 personas en Corredores y Parrita". LA Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Rodríguez P., Mirta (November 2, 2020). "AMP emite aviso preventivo para las costas panameñas ante el huracán 'Eta'". La Estrella de Panamá (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "MOP emite comunicado ante el huracán Eta". El Venezolano Panama. November 3, 2020. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Eta forecasted to weaken as it moves into Honduras". Breaking Belize News. November 4, 2020. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Connolly, Norma (November 6, 2020). "Updated: Eta on track to move closer to Grand Cayman". Cayman Compass. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
- ^ John L. Beven II (November 6, 2020). "Tropical Depression Eta Advisory Number 24". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ John L. Beven II (November 6, 2020). "Tropical Depression Eta Advisory Number 25". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Daniel Brown (November 6, 2020). "Tropical Depression Eta Advisory Number 26". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ John L. Beven II (November 7, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Advisory Number 28". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Eta Regains Strength; New Warnings and Watches in Effect in Florida". The Weather Channel. November 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Weagle, Steve; Burke, Peter (November 7, 2020). "Tropical storm warning in effect for South Florida, Treasure Coast ahead of Eta". West Palm Beach, Florida: WPTV-TV. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Childs, Jan Wesner (November 7, 2020). "Florida Gets Ready for Eta; Searchers Comb Debris of Deadly Landslides in Central America". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Pérez, Paola; Cantos, Lynnette (November 8, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta picks up strength as it grows closer to Florida; Hurricane warnings issued for the Keys". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Everglades, Biscayne, and Dry Tortugas National Parks modify operations for Tropical Storm Eta, NPS.gov, November 9, 2020
- ^ Stacy Stewart. "Tropical Storm Eta Intermediate Advisory Number 37A". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Stacy Stewart (November 10, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Advisory Number 42". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ a b "Más de 36 toneladas de ayudas llegaron a San Andrés tras paso de huracán Eta" (in Spanish). Radio Nacional. November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ a b c Gustavo Palencia and Sofia Menchu (November 5, 2020). "Eta wreaks 'shocking' Central America devastation, dozens dead". Reuters. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ a b Arroyo, Allen (November 10, 2020). "Efecto indirecto de Eta dejó pérdidas por casi 10 mil millones, según primeras estimaciones" (in Spanish). Columbia. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ a b Xinhua (November 5, 2020). "El Salvador reports first death from tropical storm Eta". haitinews.net. Haiti News.net. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ Semple, Kirk; Lopez, Oscar (November 5, 2020). "Guatemala Mudslides Kill More Than 50". The New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
- ^ a b "Eta left 150 dead in Guatemala: president". The Canberra Times. November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ a b c Castañeda, José Miguel (November 16, 2020). "Giammattei: "Eta dejó pérdidas por más de Q3 mil millones"" (in Spanish). Reuters. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- ^ a b "Aumenta a 74 la cifra de muertos en Honduras por Eta". Diario La Prensa (in Spanish). Retrieved November 15, 2020.
- ^ a b "BCIE ofrece a Honduras primeros $250 millones para reconstrucción". Diario El Heraldo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ a b "Estiman en L125,000 millones las pérdidas dejadas por Eta". Diario La Prensa (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ a b "Aumentan a 27 las muertes en México por el paso del ciclón Eta". La Patilla. November 9, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ a b AFP (November 4, 2020). "Three dead as Category 2 hurricane Eta batters Nicaragua". Telangana Today. in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ a b "Daños causados por el huracán ETA en Nicaragua ascienden a los 178 millones de dólares" (in European Spanish). Tu Nueva Radio YA. November 10, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ a b "The search for 12 missing due to floods and landslides in Panama". PanaTimes. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
- ^ a b "Gobierno de Panamá prevé US$11 millones en pérdidas agrícolas por el paso de Eta" (in Spanish). El Periódico. November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- ^ "Hurricane Eta US industry loss estimated around $550m by Aon - Artemis.bm". December 11, 2020.
- ^ Amber Randell (November 20, 2020). "November flooding caused millions of dollars in damage to South Florida crops that were bound for Thanksgiving tables". sun-sentinel.com. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
- ^ a b Jasper, Simone (November 13, 2020). "Death toll climbs after flash flooding in North Carolina; some rivers are still rising". News Observer. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ a b Callaway, Jackie (November 16, 2020). "Storm damage estimate tops $1 billion for Florida after Tropical Storm Eta". ABC Action News. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ "Las torrenciales lluvias del huracán Iota causan desastres en Colombia". La Tribuna (in Spanish). November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
- ^ "Hurricane Eta pounds Nicaragua as Category 4 storm". CNBC. Reuters. November 3, 2020. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.; Anthony Harrup (November 3, 2020). "Hurricane Eta Edges Closer to Nicaragua as a Category 4". wsj.com. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Estrada Galo, Julio (November 3, 2020). "Crecida del rio Wawa deja incomunicados a los municipios de Bilwi y Waspam". La Prensa. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ Associated Press Managua (November 4, 2020). "Slow-moving Storm Eta lashes northern Nicaragua". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ "Central America: Hurricanes Eta & Iota - 6-months Operation Update (MDR43007) - Guatemala". ReliefWeb. June 23, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
- ^ a b c Chris Tisch (November 5, 2020). "At least 13 dead in Central America from Eta as forecasters watch Florida impact". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ "Eta Strands Dozens of Fishermen at Sea; Deadly Landslides Leave Three Dead | The Weather Channel - Articles from The Weather Channel | weather.com". The Weather Channel. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
- ^ "Eta's rains and flooding wreak devastation in Central America". Eta's rains and flooding wreak devastation in Central America. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
- ^ Madeline Holcombe, Brandon Miller (November 4, 2020). "At least 1 death as Eta lingers over Central America before possibly threatening Florida". cnn.com. CNN. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.; Jan Wesner Childs (November 4, 2020). "Eta Brings Deadly Landslides, Wipes Out Bridges in Nicaragua, Honduras". weather.com. The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.; Ron Brackett (November 3, 2020). "Hurricane Eta Destroys Homes, Floods Parts of Nicaragua, Honduras; Girl's Death Blamed on Storm". weather.com. The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Mark Puleo, Q’hubo TV (November 3, 2020). "At least 3 killed after Hurricane Eta blasts Central America as Cat 4 storm". accuweather.com. AccuWeather. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ Scott Neuman (November 4, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Dumps Massive Rainfall On Central America". npr.org. NPR. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ V. Jurado (November 5, 2020). "VIDEO: Impresionante rescate en helicóptero de familia atrapada por crecida de río en Honduras". El Diario de Hoy. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ Ron Brackett (November 3, 2020). "Hurricane Eta Brings Widespread Damage to Nicaragua, Honduras; Girl's Death Blamed on Storm". weather.com. The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ The Associated Press (November 5, 2020). "At least four dead, hundreds forced out of homes as Hurricane Eta batters Honduras, Nicaragua". Firstpost. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Xinhua (November 6, 2020). "Tropical storm Eta leaves 8 dead in Honduras". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ Storyful (November 5, 2020). "Storm Eta Flooding Breaches River Bridge in Eastern Guatemala". news.yahoo.com. Yahoo News. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Vásquez, Evelin (November 10, 2020). "Conred informa sobre 42 personas fallecidas tras el paso de Eta". ElPeriódico.gt (in Spanish). El Periódico. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
- ^ Wirtz, Nic; Semple, Kirk (November 7, 2020). "Guatemala Rescuers Search for Scores of People Buried in Mudslide Caused by Eta". The New York Times. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Menchu, Sofia (November 11, 2020). "Guatemala ends rescue operation after landslide, village to be abandoned". Reuters. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ a b "Eta se aleja de El Salvador y deja un fallecido y más de 1 990 evacuados" (in Spanish). El Comercio. EFE. November 6, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Juan Enrique Soto Sibaja (November 3, 2020). "Huracán Eta provoca 35 inundaciones en Costa Rica: condiciones de temporal se mantendrán este martes" (in Spanish). Monumental. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Josué Alvarado (November 3, 2020). "Eta en Costa Rica: 26 albergados, 12 rutas afectadas y 10 ríos crecidos". CRHoy.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Henry Cárdenas P. (November 4, 2020). "Sinaproc reporta cerca de 200 casas afectadas por las recientes lluvias en diferentes regiones". prensa.com (in Spanish). La Prensa. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ "Panama Broadcasting Corporation". Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ a b "Belize: Hurricane Eta - DREF Operation Final Report (n° MDRBZ006)". ReliefWeb. August 18, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ a b "Intense Flooding in Western Belize". News 5. Belize. November 4, 2020. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ "Flood Waters Continue to Rise; Spanish Lookout Cut Off from the Rest of the Country". News 5. Belize. November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ "Mopan River Rages Dangerously". News 5. Belize. November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ DaSilva, Trevesa (December 29, 2020). "Picking up the Pieces – Belize one month after Eta". ReliefWeb. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ EFE (November 6, 2020). "Más de 80 mil afectados y 12 muertos por lluvias en Chiapas y Tabasco por "Eta"". elimparcial.com. El Imparcial. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Kevin Morales (November 7, 2020). "LIVE BLOG: Cayman feels impact of Tropical Storm Eta". caymancompass.com. Cayman Compass. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Brackett, Ron; Wesner Childs, Jan (November 11, 2020). "Eta Search Called Off For Hurricane Eta Landslide Victims in Guatemala". The Weather Channel. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Hylton, Richard Tribou, Garfield. "Tropical Storm Eta moves away from Florida, but expected to shift and head back by weekend". orlandosentinel.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ weather.com meteorologists (November 8, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta to Brush South Florida Near Hurricane Strength With Flooding, Strong Winds". weather.com. The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ a b c Ron Brackett (November 9, 2020). "Tropical Storm Eta Floods Streets in Florida; Schools in 12 Counties Closed Monday". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Michelle Solomon (November 9, 2020). "FPL reports thousands of power outages in 3 counties". WPLG. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ "National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. June 9, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
- ^ "Floodwater in Brickell recedes while Miami Gardens deals with lasting conditions". WSVN. November 9, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ "Covid testing site flooded by Tropical Storm Eta". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ a b Greenockle, Kaitlin. "Tropical Storm Eta: Homosassa man loses live-aboard sailboat when it slams into Matlacha Bridge". The News-Press. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Tropical Storm Eta loses steam off Southwest Florida coast, still bringing more heavy rain, wind, Naples Daily News, November 11, 2020
- ^ Young, Mark (November 12, 2020). "Manatee dries out after Tropical Storm Eta delivers heavy rain and fatal storm surge". Bradenton Herald. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Kuizon, Kimberly (November 11, 2020). "1 dead from electrocution, firefighter injured in Bradenton Beach as Eta floods coast". FOX 13 News. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Eta Floods Florida Homes, Businesses and Shuts Down Streets; 1 Person Electrocuted | The Weather Channel - Articles from The Weather Channel | weather.com". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Storm Events Database November 11, 2020 (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
{{cite report}}
: Unknown parameter|agency=
ignored (help) - ^ Carol Rosenburg; Amaris Castillo; Christina Morales (November 16, 2020). "Eta Returns, Soaking Florida's West Coast". The New York Times. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
- ^ "Weather Videos | Weather Underground". www.wunderground.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Mid-Atlantic Regional Climate Impacts Summary and Outlook: Fall 2020, MARISA
- ^ "Hurricane Eta adds to vulnerabilities in northern Central America". OCHA. November 4, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
- ^ a b "Red Cross launches massive, multi-country operation as horror of Hurricane Eta emerges". ReliefWeb. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. November 10, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Central America: Hurricane Eta - Emergency appeal n° MDR43007 (PDF) (Report). ReliefWeb. November 9, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
{{cite report}}
: Unknown parameter|agency=
ignored (help) - ^ Emily Shapiro, Max Golembo (November 17, 2020). "Record-breaking Hurricane Iota to bring dangerous flooding to Central America". abcnews.go.com. ABC News. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ Stacy R. Stewart; Andrew Latto (November 17, 2020). "Hurricane Iota Tropical Cyclone Update". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ "Iota: los destrozos y el impacto del huracán convertido en tormenta a su paso por el Caribe y Centroamérica" (in Spanish). BBC News. November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ Bates, Sofie (August 11, 2021). "After Eta and Iota, NASA Helps Prep Central America for Future Storms". nasa.gov. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
- ^ "Disasters | NASA Applied Sciences". nasa.gov. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
- ^ Government of Japan (November 7, 2020). "Emergency Assistance to Nicaragua in Response to the Hurricane Disaster". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Alex Glenn (November 10, 2020). "Storm Eta Victims in Nicaragua to Receive Spanish Aid". Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Daniel Bellamy (November 21, 2020). "Hurricanes Iota and Eta deal Honduras a catastrophic double-blow". euronews.com. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ a b "Central America: Hurricanes Eta & Iota - 6-months Operation Update (MDR43007) - Guatemala". ReliefWeb. June 23, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
- ^ Sofia Menchu (November 7, 2020). "Woman loses 22 relatives after landslide hits storm-hit Guatemalan village". Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ "IsraAID Guatemala brings relief in wake of Tropical Storm Eta". Israel HaYom. November 13, 2020.
- ^ "WMO Hurricane Committee retires tropical cyclone names and ends the use of Greek alphabet". Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. March 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- Yale Climate Connections. Archivedfrom the original on March 19, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
External links
- The National Hurricane Center's Advisory Archive on Hurricane Eta
- National Hurricane Center (NHC)
- Hurricane Eta hits Nicaragua and Honduras as Category 4 - Nov. 2, 2020
- Hurricane Eta - Nov 2020 from ReliefWeb
- Unidad Humanitaria y de Rescate (UHR) - Ejército de Nicaragua