Hurricane Bill (2009)
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | August 15, 2009 |
Extratropical | August 24, 2009 |
Dissipated | August 26, 2009 |
Category 4 major hurricane | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS) | |
Highest winds | 130 mph (215 km/h) |
Lowest pressure | 943 mbar (hPa); 27.85 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 2 direct |
Damage | $46.2 million (2009 USD) |
Areas affected | Northeastern Caribbean, Northeastern United States, Bermuda, Eastern Canada, British Isles |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season |
Hurricane Bill was a large
Bill caused $46.2 million in damages and two deaths over a nine-day period. As it passed close to
Meteorological history
A
The newly designated depression continued to intensify, and it was quickly upgraded to Tropical Storm Bill.
By late August 17, satellite imagery indicated that an
On August 20, the storm began to weaken, being downgraded to a Category 3, as convection associated with it diminished somewhat.
Later on August 22, the storm weakened to a Category 1 hurricane as Bill tracked over cooler waters.[21] The storm maintained its intensity through August 23 as it retained its cloud-filled eye and tracked at a quick pace to the north-northeast producing 26.4 m (87 ft) waves at La Have Bank Buoy (station 44142) 42°30′N 64°01′W / 42.5°N 64.02°W[22] and 16 ft surge on coastlines in New England and Nova Scotia.[23] The storm then made landfall shortly before midnight local time, at Point Rosie, on the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland as 70 mph (110 km/h) tropical storm.[24] Shortly after this it was downgraded to a tropical storm, and then lost tropical characteristics.[25] The remnants of Bill crossed the Atlantic Ocean as an extratropical storm and later impacted the United Kingdom with heavy rain and surf.[26] On August 26, the remnants of Hurricane Bill were absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone, near the British Isles.[24]
Preparations
Bermuda
On August 18, the Emergency Measures Organisation (EMO) of
United States
In response to predictions of rough surf and
On August 20, the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency made several conference calls with the National Weather Service about possible impacts from the storm in the state, particularly on Cape Cod.[35] Bill came close enough to the region to warrant a tropical storm warning for a while.[20]
Canada
Peter Bowyer, Program Supervisor of the
On August 22,
Republic of Ireland and United Kingdom
On August 25, Met Éireann issued gale warnings across the south of Ireland, and advised small boats not to go out to sea until the system had passed. They also forecast up to 1 in (25 mm) of rain across Ireland.[44] The Met Office in the UK issued severe weather warnings in preparation for the arrival of the storm.
Impact
On August 19, Peter Bray, a British rower attempting to break the record for the quickest solo crossing of the Atlantic was forced to abandon his boat and board the RRS James Cook due to being in the path of Hurricane Bill.[45] Large, life-threatening swells produced by the storm impacted north-facing coastlines of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola as Hurricane Bill approached Bermuda.[46][47]
United States
In Massachusetts, outer bands of Hurricane Bill produced significant amounts of rainfall, peaking at 3.74 in (95 mm) in Kingston, Massachusetts. Most areas along the eastern portion of the state received rain during the night of August 22 into the morning of August 23, with several areas exceeding 2 in (51 mm).[48] On Long Island, beach damage was severe; in some areas the damage was the worst since Hurricane Gloria in 1985. Along the coasts of North Carolina, waves averaging 10 ft (3.0 m) in height impacted beaches. In Wrightsville Beach, up to 30 rescues were made due to strong rip currents and large swells; however, only one incident resulted in hospitalization. Severe beach erosion took place at Bald Head Island, where 150 ft (46 m) of beach was washed away, resulting in the loss of the remaining sea turtle nests.[49]
Along the coastlines of Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware, waves were estimated to have reached 8 ft (2.4 m) at the height of the event.[50] Beaches along the Georgia coastline, located nearly 600 mi (970 km) from Bill, recorded large swells from the storm and strong rip currents.[51] In Delaware, waves peaked near 10 ft (3.0 m), resulting in one serious injury after a man was tossed by a wave and thrown face-first into the sand.[52]
Waves along the Georgia coast averaged 5 to 6 ft (1.5 to 1.8 m) in height with some reaching 8 ft (2.4 m). This resulted in numerous lifeguard rescues and some minor coastal flooding.[53] Beaches along Long Island were closed after waves up to 12 ft (3.7 m) began to cause coastal flooding and beach erosion.[54] All beaches around New York City were closed due to the risk of strong rip currents and waves up to 20 ft (6.1 m).[55] In southern New York, a cold front stalled by Hurricane Bill produced torrential rainfall, amounting to at least 2 in (51 mm) in a few hours, causing flash flooding and a tornado in Maine. Lightning produced by severe thunderstorms also left 5,000 residences without power.[56]
A 54-year-old man drowned at
Further inland, a band of heavy rain fueled by tropical moisture from Bill produced upwards of 5 in (130 mm) in southern New Hampshire during an eight-hour span. The intense rainfall led to significant flash flooding that covered several roads and inundated homes.[61] Mudslides also closed roads in portions of the state as hillsides collapsed. Seven people required water rescue after their cars stalled in floodwaters. Overall, the floods left roughly $700,000 in damages in New Hampshire but no fatalities or injuries.[61][62][63]
Bermuda and Atlantic Canada
The hurricane had little impact in Bermuda. A public high school was designated as an emergency shelter, into which The Salvation Army took six homeless people. Some 3,700 households experienced power outages at some point during the storm, and in some instances cable television and internet services were also interrupted, particularly in the central Spanish Point headland. During the daytime on Saturday, public works crews performed cleanup of light debris, mostly discarded garbage unveiled by the storm.[64]
By the afternoon of August 23, up to 2.3 in (58 mm) of rain had fallen in southern Nova Scotia.
In Newfoundland, the Avalon Peninsula experienced the highest winds from Hurricane Bill. A wind gust of 80 mph (130 km/h) was recorded in Cape Race. In St. John's, trees were blown down by the strong winds. However, rains from Bill mostly affected central areas of the island, where rainfall peaked at 2.75 in (70 mm) in Gander.[70] Rains washed out roads, and was responsible for some localized freshwater flooding.[71] Other areas of the central and southern coasts also received rain.[70] Damage from the storm throughout Atlantic Canada reached $10 million.[72]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 150.0 | 5.91 | Bertha 2014 | Inverness, Highland | [73] |
2 | 135.0 | 5.31 | Charley 1986 | Abergwyngregyn, Gwynedd | [74] |
3 | 130.0 | 5.12 | Nadine 2012 | Ravensworth, North Yorkshire | [75] |
4 | 76.0 | 2.99 | Lili 1996 | Chale Bay, Isle of Wight | [76] |
5 | 61.7 | 2.43 | Zeta 2020 | Chipping, Lancashire | [77] |
6 | 48.8 | 1.92 | Grace 2009 | Capel Curig, Conwy | [78] |
7 | 42.2 | 1.66 | Gordon 2006 | Wainfleet All Saints, Lincolnshire | [79] |
8 | 38.0 | 1.50 | Gonzalo 2014 | Glenmoriston, Highland | [80] |
9 | 31.0 | 1.22 | Bill 2009 | Shap, Cumbria | [81] |
10 | 30.0 | 1.18 | Laura 2008 | Windermere, Cumbria | [82] |
Throughout the British Isles, the remnants of Bill produced high winds and heavy rains. All of Ireland and most of the United Kingdom was affected by the storm in some way. Rainfall in the United Kingdom peaked at 31 mm (1.2 in) in Shap.[83] After passing through the British Isles, the remnant system affected parts of Scandinavia before dissipating.[84]
See also
- Other storms of the same name
- Tropical cyclone effects in Europe
- List of Bermuda hurricanes
- List of Canada hurricanes
- List of New England hurricanes
- List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
- Hurricane Edouard (1996)
- Hurricane Earl (2010)
- Hurricane Katia (2011)
- Hurricane Teddy (2020)
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External links
- Canadian Hurricane Center of the Meteorological Service of Canada
- Others