Abna al-dawla
The abnāʾ al-dawla (
to power began.Sources
- Crone, Patricia (1998). "The 'Abbāsid Abnā' and Sāsānid Cavalrymen". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 8 (1): 1–19. JSTOR 25183463.
- Turner, John P. (2004). "The abnāʾ al-dawla: The Definition and Legitimation of Identity in Response to the Fourth Fitna". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 124 (1): 1–22. JSTOR 4132150.
- Turner, John P. (2016). "Abnāʾ". In Fleet, Kate; ISSN 1873-9830.