Adefovir

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Adefovir
Clinical data
Trade namesHepsera
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability59%
Protein binding<4%
Elimination half-life7.5 hours
ExcretionUrine
Identifiers
  • {[2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy]methyl}phosphonic acid
JSmol)
  • O=P(O)(O)COCCn1c2ncnc(c2nc1)N
  • InChI=1S/C8H12N5O4P/c9-7-6-8(11-3-10-7)13(4-12-6)1-2-17-5-18(14,15)16/h3-4H,1-2,5H2,(H2,9,10,11)(H2,14,15,16) checkY
  • Key:SUPKOOSCJHTBAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Adefovir is a prescription medicine used to treat (chronic) infections with hepatitis B virus. A prodrug form of adefovir was previously called bis-POM PMEA, with trade names Preveon and Hepsera. It is an orally administered nucleotide analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (ntRTI). It can be formulated as the pivoxil prodrug adefovir dipivoxil.

Uses

It is used for treatment of hepatitis B.[1][2][3][4]

Trials of adefovir in patients with HIV have not shown any clear benefits.[3][5]

History

Adefovir was invented in the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry,

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic by Antonín Holý, and the drug was developed by Gilead Sciences for HIV with the brand name Preveon. However, in November 1999, an expert panel advised the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) not to approve the drug due to concerns about the severity and frequency of kidney toxicity when dosed at 60 or 120 mg. The FDA followed that advice, refusing to approve adefovir as a treatment for HIV.[citation needed
]

Gilead Sciences discontinued its development for HIV treatment in December 1999, but continued to develop the drug for hepatitis B (HBV), where it is effective with a much lower dose of 10 mg. FDA approval for use in the treatment of hepatitis B was granted on September 20, 2002, and adefovir is sold for this indication under the brand name Hepsera. Adefovir became an approved treatment for HBV in the European Union in March 2003.[citation needed]

Mechanism of action

Adefovir dipivoxil

Adefovir works by blocking

aminotransferases
(primarily ALT) or histologically active disease.

The main benefit of adefovir over lamivudine (the first NRTI approved for the treatment of HBV) is that it takes a much longer period of time for the virus to develop resistance to it.

Adefovir dipivoxil contains two pivaloyloxymethyl units, making it a prodrug form of adefovir.

References

  1. PMID 12606735
    .
  2. PMID 17988233
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 12444940
    .
  4. ^ "US Adefovir Dipivoxil label" (PDF). FDA. April 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  5. S2CID 9425407
    .

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adefovir&oldid=1186038963"