Idoxuridine
 | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Iododeoxyuridine; IUdR |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
| MedlinePlus | a601062 |
| Pregnancy category |
|
topically | |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Identifiers | |
| |
JSmol) | |
SMILES
| |
| |
  (what is this?) (verify) | |
Idoxuridine is an anti-
herpesvirus antiviral drug
.
It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pairing. It is used only topically due to cardiotoxicity. It was synthesized by William Prusoff in the late 1950s.[1] Initially developed as an anticancer drug, idoxuridine became the first antiviral agent in 1962.[2]
Clinical use
Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat
varicella-zoster.[3]
Side effects
Common side effects of the eye drops include irritation, blurred vision and photophobia.[5] Corneal clouding and damage of the corneal epithelium may also occur.[citation needed]
Formulations and dosage
Idoxuridine is available as either a 0.5% ophthalmic
ointment or as a 0.1% ophthalmic solution.[3] The dosage of the ointment is every 4 hours during day and once before bedtime.[3] The dosage of the solution is 1 drop in the conjunctival sac hourly during the day and every 2 hours during the night until definitive improvement, then 1 drop every 2 hours during the day and every 4 hours during the night.[3] Therapy is continued for 3–4 days after healing is complete, as demonstrated by fluorescein staining.[3]
Synthesis
See also
- Trifluridine
- Acyclovir
- Foscarnet
References
Further reading
- Seth AK, Misra A, Umrigar D (August 2004). "Topical liposomal gel of idoxuridine for the treatment of herpes simplex: pharmaceutical and clinical implications". Pharmaceutical Development and Technology. 9 (3): 277–289. S2CID 33864681.
- Otto SE (1998). "Radiopharmaceuticals (Strontium 89) and radiosensitizers (idoxuridine)". Journal of Intravenous Nursing. 21 (6): 335–337. PMID 10392098.
- Fauth E, Zankl H (April 1999). "Comparison of spontaneous and idoxuridine-induced micronuclei by chromosome painting". Mutation Research. 440 (2): 147–156. PMID 10209337.