Idoxuridine

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Idoxuridine
Clinical data
Other namesIododeoxyuridine; IUdR
AHFS/Drugs.comMicromedex Detailed Consumer Information
MedlinePlusa601062
Pregnancy
category
  • B1 (topical), B3 (ophthalmologic) [AU]
topically
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
  • 1-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-iodo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione
JSmol)
  • I\C1=C\N(C(=O)NC1=O)C2C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2
  • InChI=1S/C9H11IN2O5/c10-4-2-12(9(16)11-8(4)15)7-1-5(14)6(3-13)17-7/h2,5-7,13-14H,1,3H2,(H,11,15,16)/t5-,6+,7?/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-GFCOJPQKSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Idoxuridine is an anti-

herpesvirus antiviral drug
.

It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pairing. It is used only topically due to cardiotoxicity. It was synthesized by William Prusoff in the late 1950s.[1] Initially developed as an anticancer drug, idoxuridine became the first antiviral agent in 1962.[2]

Clinical use

Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat

varicella-zoster.[3]

Side effects

Common side effects of the eye drops include irritation, blurred vision and photophobia.[5] Corneal clouding and damage of the corneal epithelium may also occur.[citation needed]

Formulations and dosage

Idoxuridine is available as either a 0.5% ophthalmic

ointment or as a 0.1% ophthalmic solution.[3] The dosage of the ointment is every 4 hours during day and once before bedtime.[3] The dosage of the solution is 1 drop in the conjunctival sac hourly during the day and every 2 hours during the night until definitive improvement, then 1 drop every 2 hours during the day and every 4 hours during the night.[3] Therapy is continued for 3–4 days after healing is complete, as demonstrated by fluorescein staining.[3]

Synthesis

Idoxuridine synthesis.[1][6][7][8][9]

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 13628760
    .
  2. .
  3. ^ a b c d e f Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Edited by Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. McGraw-Hill. 8th ed. 1990.
  4. PMID 14070708
    .
  5. ^ Drugs.com: Idoxuridine ophthalmic
  6. Roussel-Uclaf
     
  7. Roussel-Uclaf
     
  8. PMID 13809628
    .
  9. .

Further reading