Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
Ahmet Tevfik Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire | |
---|---|
In office 21 October 1920 – 4 November 1922 | |
Monarch | Mehmed VI |
Preceded by | Damat Ferid Pasha |
Succeeded by | Office abolished İsmet İnönü, as Prime Minister of Turkey |
In office 11 November 1918 – 3 March 1919 | |
Monarch | Mehmed VI |
Preceded by | Ahmed Izzet Pasha |
Succeeded by | Damat Ferid Pasha |
In office 13 April 1909 – 5 May 1909 | |
Monarchs | Abdul Hamid II Mehmed V |
Preceded by | Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha |
Succeeded by | Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha |
Foreign Minister of the Ottoman Empire | |
In office 1899–1909 | |
Monarch | Abdul Hamid II |
Prime Minister | Halil Rifat Pasha Mehmed Said Pasha Mehmed Ferid Pasha Kâmil Pasha Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha |
Preceded by | Said Halim Pasha |
Succeeded by | Mehmed Rifat Pasha |
Personal details | |
Born | Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | 11 February 1845
Died | 8 October 1936 Istanbul, Turkey | (aged 91)
Nationality | Turkish |
Spouse | Elisabeth Tschumi (1859-1949) |
Children | 5 |
Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (
Early life
Ahmet Tevfik was born on 11 February 1845 in Constantinople. His father, Ferik Ismail Hakkı Pasha, was a Crimean Tatar descended from the Giray dynasty.[2] He was a participant of the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War.
Ahmet Tevfik entered military service but left after becoming a junior officer, entering government bureaucracy training. After 1872, he held various foreign ministry posts. After serving as an ambassador in
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
First term (1909–1910)
Ahmet Tevfik Pasha's first period of office as grand vizier was one of the direct outcomes of the failed counterrevolutionary
Second term (1918–1919)
After
Paris Peace Conference
After his second term as grand vizier, Ahmet Tevfik Pasha became the head of the
Third term (1920–1922)
On 21 October 1920, he was once more appointed grand vizier, replacing Damat Ferit Pasha. Meanwhile, the
After the
Later life and death
Tevfik Pasha withdrew from politics after the proclamation of the
His biography, written by his grandson Şefik Okday, was published in 1986 and is titled My Grandfather, the Last Grand Vizier, Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (Turkish: Büyükbabam Son Sadrazam Ahmet Tevfik Paşa).[8]
Family
While serving as chargé d'affaires in Athens, he met and married Elisabeth Tschumi, a Swiss woman working as a governess to the children of another diplomat. She changed her name to Afife following their wedding, but did chose to stay Protestant. A few days before Elisabeth's death in 1949, she decided to be buried next to her husband as a Muslim. They had five children together. [2]
According to his grandson Şefik Okday, Tevfik Oktay's first two children, İsmail Hakkı Tevfik and Ali Nuri (father of Şefik), were secretly baptized. A daughter, Zehra Hanım, married Mazlum Bey, the son of Minister of Internal Affairs Memduh Pasha. Naile and Gülşinas died young. Ali Nuri Bey married Edibe (Ayaşlı) Hanım, the granddaughter of Sadullah Pasha, whom he met during Tevfik Pasha's tenure as Ambassador to Berlin. Their wedding was the first to be gender integrated in the Ottoman Empire.[2]
İsmail Hakkı first married Ulviye Sultan, daughter of the Sultan Mehmed VI, making him a damat, or imperial son-in-law. This made İsmail Hakkı's father the grand vizier and his father-in-law the sultan.
İsmail Hakkı was one of the first officers to answer calls of resistance during the Turkish War of Independence.[2] An apocryphal story has the officer of the imperial family meeting Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, whereupon the renegade asked him, "What news did you bring from your father and the sultan?", İsmail Hakkı's answered "[that] I came to fight." Tevfik Pasha, informed of his son's escape by the angered Sultan replied, "No, he went to fulfill his duty." When Sultan Vahdettin was exiled, İsmail Hakkı Bey made his second marriage with Ferhunde Hanım, the great aunt of Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit.[2]
See also
References
- ^ İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971 (Turkish)
- ^ a b c d e f Kalyoncu, Cemal A. "Son Sadrazamın Torunu." Aksiyon 20 Nov 1999: n. pag. Son Sadrazamın Torunu. Aksiyon.com.tr, 20 Nov 1999. Web. 1 Sep 2013. <"Haber 5552 son sadrazamin torunu". Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.>.
- ^ Necati Çavdar, Siyasi Denge Unsuru Olarak 31 Mart Vakasında Ahmet Tevfik Paşa Hükümeti, History Studies, Samsun, Mart 2011 Archived 2 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Atatürk Kronolojisi - FORSNET". www.ataturk.net. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-85745-251-1.
- ^ Turktarih.net sitesi Paris Barış Konferansı maddesi, Access date: June 24, 2011 Archived 16 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Deleon, Jak. "Keyif Haritasındaki Park Otel" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2023.
- ^ Okday, Ş. (1986). Büyükbabam son sadrazam Ahmet Tevfik Paşa (in Turkish). Ş. Okday.
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). 1922. .