Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha
Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha | |
---|---|
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire | |
In office 17 September 1697 – 4 September 1702 | |
Monarch | Mustafa II |
Preceded by | Elmas Mehmed Pasha |
Succeeded by | Daltaban Mustafa Pasha |
Personal details | |
Born | 1644 |
Died | 1702 (aged 57–58) |
Relations | Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (uncle) Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (cousin) Köprülüzade Fazıl Mustafa Pasha (cousin) |
Family | Köprülü family |
Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha ("Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha the Nephew"; in Albanian: Hysein Pashë Kypriljoti) (1644–1702) of the Köprülü family, was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire under Mustafa II from September 1697 until September 1702.[1]: 225–227 Amcazade Koprulu Huseyin Pasha was close to ordinary Ottoman Muslim subjects being a member of the Mevlevi Order. He was known to be concerned with the needs of the common people as well as those of the military and bureaucratic classes.
Earlier years
Amcazade Huseyin was born in 1644 and was the son of
In 1684 he was released from prison, but was sent away from the seat of power as an administrator of provinces with a rank of
His daughter married Kavanoz Ahmed Pasha, who was the grand vizier for a short time in 1703.[3]
Years as Grand Vizier
Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha was appointed the Grand Vizier on 17 September 1697 just after the Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Zenta on 11 September 1697. He was given a promise by the Sultan that he would be free agent in his government of the Empire with no interference by the Sultan. It was hoped that during the negotiations for peace to take place at Karlowitz, he could use family ability to get best possible terms for the ending of the long war against the
Amcazade Huseyin started with economic and financial reforms. The excise duties on tobacco and coffee, which had quadrupled during the war to provide finance for military effort, were substantially reduced and so too the duties on essential consumer goods, for example soap and cooking oil. During the war special imposition taxes were created and those who could not pay these extraordinary tax impositions were heavily fined. Amcazade Huseyin abolished these extraordinary tax impositions and issued a tax amnesty on those who were not able to pay and who were required to pay heavy fines. The rates of traditional taxes were adjusted down so that they matched the ability to pay. Debased coins struck during the war were replaced by coins of full value. New cultivators, from nomadic Turcomans, were induced to settle in places like Urfa, Malatya, Antalya and Cyprus where the numbers of agricultural peasants had decreased to very low levels. Efforts were made to develop a new manufacturing base, in place of devastated Ottoman craft industries and replacing imports from Europe.[1]: 225
Amcazade Huseyin, then, had the salary rolls of the professional army (
The Navy was also reorganised under the command of Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha, who was a close ally of Amcazade Huseyin. At last, a new fleet of wind-driven galleons replaced the oar-driven galleys. The naval officers and personnel were also fully reorganised creating a complete hierarchy of officers. The lower rank galleon men were properly and regularly housed in barracks; paid well and even their retirement was thought of for the first time in Ottoman navy. Finally, the bureaucracy of scribes of the central government and of the palace was reorganised, retiring old inefficient scribes and introducing new ones trained at new scribal schools.[1]: 226
The Sultan was very much affected by the defeat at Battle of Zenta, where he was personally present. Giving Amcazade Huseyin a free hand in governing his realm, he retreated to a court life, not in Istanbul but in the old palace in
He went to live in his estate at Silivri, near Istanbul. Before the end of the year he died at his estate. He was buried at a türbe (tomb) at the district of "Sarachanebasi" in Istanbul.[2]
As an able administrator and an important reformer he demonstrated again the ability of a member of the Koprulu dynasty in holding the Ottoman power intact after a big crisis, but at the end he was driven from office by a powerful cleric.
One of the oldest wooden coastal mansions on the Bosphorous near the first suspension bridge, is the partial remains of a Yalı belonging to him is called the "Koprulu Amcazade Huseyin Yalisi". It is claimed that Amcazade Huseyin reviewed the final negotiated copy of the Treaty of Karlowitz at this left-over part of the mansion.[4]
See also
- Köprülü Era
- Treaty of Karlowitz
- List of Ottoman grand viziers
References
- ^ ISBN 0-521-29163-1
- ^ a b "Amcazade Hüseyin Paşa" in Niyazi Aksit (1984)A'dan Z'ye Tarih Ansiklopedisi (A to Z History Encyclopedia), Istanbul:Serhat Yayinlari p.55(Turkish)
- ISBN 9789753330411
- ^ Touristic publicity at the Provincial Government of Istanbul website Archived 2012-01-19 at the Wayback Machine (Turkish) (Reached:2010.05.28)
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. .