Said Halim Pasha
Mehmed Said Halim Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire | |
---|---|
In office 12 June 1913 – 4 February 1917 | |
Monarch | Mehmed V |
Preceded by | Mahmud Shevket Pasha |
Succeeded by | Talaat Pasha |
Personal details | |
Born | 18 or 28 January 1865 or 19 February 1864 Egypt Eyalet, Ottoman Empire |
Died | 6 December 1921 Rome, Kingdom of Italy | (aged 56)
Nationality | Ottoman |
Relations | Muhammad Ali Pasha (grandfather) |
Mehmed Said Halim Pasha (
Early life
Mehmed Said Halim was born at the palace of Shubra in Cairo, Egypt to Muhammad Abd al-Halim Pasha , one of the sons of Muhammed Ali Pasha, the founder of the Khedivet of Egypt. He was educated by private teachers, and learned Arabic, Persian, English, and French. He later studied political science in Switzerland.[3] In 1890[3] or 1895,[4] he married Emine İnci Tosun, daughter of Mehmed Tosun Pasha. In the late 1890s the Prince Said Halim Pasha Palace in Downtown Cairo was built for him by the Italian architect Antonio Lasciac.
Political career
In 1888, Said Halim became a member of the Council of State with the rank of Mir-i Mîran. In 1900 he became the Rumeli Beylerbeyi. In 1908, he was dismissed from the Council of State, but was appointed as the chief of the Yeniköy city council after its municipal election. He later became the Second Chief of the General Association of Municipalities (Cemiyet-i Umumiye-i Belediye İkinci Reisliği), and in 1908 he was appointed a member of the Ottoman Senate. Between January 23, 1912 and July 23, 1912, he was chief of the Council of State.
Following his resignation, he was elected as the General Secretary of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), and was appointed to the Council of State for the second time in 1913 during Mahmut Şevket Pasha's viziership, and to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs three days later. After the assassination of Şevket Pasha on 11 June 1913, he was first given the rank of vizier and was appointed to the Grand Vizier's Office, and the next day (12 June 1913) to the office of the Grand Vizier (Prime Minister). He was a compromise candidate for the CUP; Said Halim was more conservative and Islamist than the central committee would have wanted, however the prestige of his ancestry and his lack of agency made him an acceptable Grand Vizier to the CUP.
Grand Viziership
In September 1913, he was honored with the Order of Distinction by Sultan Mehmed Reşad for his service in signing the achieving a peace deal with the Bulgarians, and anchoring the border to the Maritsa river, beyond Edirne.
He was one of the signatures of
During the Armenian genocide, Said Halim signed the deportation orders for the Armenian population. The Armenian Patriarch Zaven I Der Yeghiayan appealed to him to cease the terror being committed against Armenians, which Said Halim replied to by claiming reports of arrests and deportations were being greatly exaggerated. Der Yeghiayan himself was later deported.[5]
He lost his Foreign Ministry in 1915. Said Halim's premiership lasted until 1917, cut short because of continuous clashes between him and the CUP. The Interior Minister Mehmed Talaat Pasha succeeded him.
Arrest and assassination
Said Halim was accused of treason during the
Works
- Buhranlarımız ve Son Eserleri – İz Yayıncılık
- Buhran-ı İçtimaimiz – Kubbealtı Sahaf
- Said Halim Paşa – Bütün Eserleri Anka Yayınları 2003
See also
- Said Halim government
- Operation Nemesis
- List of Ottoman grand viziers
- Muhammad Ali dynasty
Footnotes
- ^ Şeyhun 2014, p. 147 gives 28 January; Wasti 2008, p. 86 gives 18 January and in endnote 20, p. 102 states that Düzdağ 1991, p. xiii gives 19 February 1864.
- ^ Danişmend (1971), p. 102
- ^ a b Wasti 2008, p. 86.
- ^ Şeyhun 2014, p. 147.
- ^ a b Arshavir Shirakian (2013). Arshavir Shiragian - The Legacy: Memoirs of an Armenian Patriot. Translated by Sonia Shiragian. Watertown, Massachusetts: Hairenik Association.
- ^ Sukran Vahide (2005). Islam in Modern Turkey. State University of New York Press.
Literature
- Düzdağ, M. Ertuğrul (1991), Said Halim Paşa - Buhranlarımız ve Son Eserleri [Said Halim Pasha - Our Crises and Last Works] (in Turkish), Istanbul: İz Yayıncılık, Wikidata Q109923853
- Wasti, Syed Tanvir (2008). "Said Halim Pasha: Philosopher Prince". Wikidata Q109923750.
- Şeyhun, Ahmet (2014). "Said Halim Pasha (1865–1921)". Islamist Thinkers in the Late Ottoman Empire and Early Turkish Republic. Wikidata Q109923640.
External links