Alids
| Alids | |
|---|---|
| Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib | |
| Branches | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Part of a series on |
| Ali |
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The Alids are those who claim descent from
Children of Ali
In addition to seventeen daughters, various sources report that Ali had eleven or fourteen, or eighteen sons.
Alids in history
Umayyads era (r. 661–750)
Mu'awiya seized the rule after the
The main movements in this period were the now-extinct
Abbasids era (r. 750–1258)
To overthrow the Umayyads, the Abbasids had rallied the support of the Shia in the name of the
Some quiescent imams of the Imamites were also probably killed by the Abbasids.[17] For example, their seventh imam, Musa al-Kazim (d. 799), spent years in the Abbasid prisons and died there, possibly poisoned by order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809), who also had "hundreds of Alids" killed.[18] Caliph al-Ma'mun (r. 813–833) later attempted a reconciliation by appointing in 816 as his heir Ali al-Rida, the eighth imam of the Imamites. But other Abbasids revolted in opposition in Iraq, which forced al-Ma'mun to reverse his policies and Ali al-Rida died around that time, likely poisoned.[19][20] Ali al-Hadi (d. 868) and Hasan al-Askari (d. 874), the tenth and eleventh imams of the Imamites, were held in the capital Samarra under strict surveillance.[21] Most Imamite sources report that both were poisoned by the Abbasids.[22] Their followers also believe that the birth of their twelfth imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, was hidden for fear of Abbasid persecution and that he remains in occultation by divine will since 874, until his reappearance at the end of time to eradicate injustice and evil.[23][24] They became known as the Twelvers.[25]
Meanwhile, the only historic split among the Imamites happened after the death in 765 of their sixth imam, the quiescent
The abortive Zanj rebellion against the Abbasids was ignited in Iraq and Bahrain in the mid-ninth century by Ali ibn Muhammad Sahib al-Zanj, who claimed descent from Abbas ibn Ali. The poetry by descendants of Abbas ibn Ali is collected in al-Awraq, compiled by the Turkic scholar al-Suli (d. 946–947). One of his descendants was Abbas ibn al-Hasan al-Alawi, who reached fame as a poet and scholar during the reigns of Harun al-Rashid and al-Ma'mun.[29]
Alid dynasties
Several dynasties have claimed descent from Ali, often through his son Hasan. The Hasanid dynasties include the Idrisites and Sharifs of Maghreb in North Africa, and Hammudids in Andalusia, located in modern-day Spain.[4] The Fatimid Caliphate claimed a Husaynid descent.[1]
Genealogical tables
| Kilab ibn Murrah | Fatimah bint Sa'd Banu Azd | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qusayy ibn Kilab | Hubba bint Hulail Banu Khuza'ah | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Al-Mughira ibn Qusayy | Atikah bint Murrah Banu Hawazin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hashim ibn al-Mughira | Qaylah bint Amr Banu Khuza'ah | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fatimah bint Amr Banu Makhzum | Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim | Asad ibn Hashim | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib | Fatimah bint Asad | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib | Talib ibn Abi Talib | Aqil ibn Abi Talib | Fakhitah bint Abi Talib | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muhammad ibn Abdullah | Ja'far ibn Abi Talib | Jumanah bint Abi Talib | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fatimah al-Zahra bint Muhammad | Ali ibn Abi Talib | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Lewis 2012.
- ^ Buehler 2014, p. 186.
- ^ Khetia 2013, p. 78.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Daftary 2008.
- ^ Nasr & Afsaruddin 2023.
- ^ a b Huart 2012.
- ^ Madelung 2003.
- ^ Momen 1985, p. 64.
- ^ McHugo 2018, p. 104.
- ^ Daftary 2013, p. 39.
- ^ Momen 1985, p. 69.
- ^ Momen 1985, p. 49.
- ^ Donner 1999, pp. 24–25.
- ^ a b Momen 1985, p. 71.
- ^ Donner 1999, p. 26.
- ^ Momen 1985, p. 50.
- ^ Pierce 2016, p. 44.
- ^ Momen 1985, pp. 39–40.
- ^ Madelung 1985.
- ^ Momen 1985, pp. 41–42.
- ^ Momen 1985, p. 162.
- ^ Momen 1985, p. 44.
- ^ Amir-Moezzi 1998.
- ^ McHugo 2018, p. 108.
- ^ a b McHugo 2018, p. 107.
- ^ McHugo 2018, p. 105.
- ^ Haider 2014, p. 124.
- ^ Daftary 2013, p. 5.
- ^ Bahramian & Bulookbashi 2015.
References
- Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (1998). "Eschatology iii. Imami Shiʿism". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. VIII/6. pp. 575–581.
- Bahramian, Ali; Bulookbashi, Ali A. (2015). "Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica. Translated by Negahban, Farzin. .
- Blichfeldt, Jan-Olaf (1985). Early Mahdism: Politics and Religion in the Formative Period of Islam. E.J. Brill. ISBN 9789004076433.
- Buehler, Arthur F. (2014). "Fatima (d. 632)". In Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (eds.). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopaedia of the Prophet of God. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 182–187. ISBN 9781610691772.
- ISBN 9789004171374.
- Daftary, Farhad (2013). A History of Shi'i Islam. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781780768410.
- ISBN 0195107993.
- Haider, Najam (2014). Shī'ī Islam: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107625785.
- Huart, Cl. (2012). "ʿAlids". In Houtsma, M.Th.; Arnold, T.W.; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (First ed.). ISBN 9789004082656.
- Khetia, Vinay (2013). Fatima as a Motif of Contention and Suffering in Islamic Sources (Thesis). Concordia University.
- ISBN 9789004161214.
- Madelung, Wilferd (1985). "ʿALĪ AL-REŻĀ". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. I/8. pp. 877–880.
- Madelung, Wilferd (2003). "Ḥasan B. ʿAli B. Abī Ṭāleb". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. XV/3. pp. 327–328.
- McHugo, John (2018). A Concise History of Sunnis and Shi'is. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 97816261-65878.
- ISBN 9780300035315.
- Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Afsaruddin, Asma (2023). "ʿAlī". Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ISBN 9780674737075.
