Axis leaders of World War II

The Third Reich (Nazi Germany)

• anti-Semitism that led to the Holocaust. Hitler pursued an extremely aggressive foreign policy that triggered World War II. He committed suicide on April 30, 1945, along with Eva Braun
  , his long term mistress whom he had married less than 40 hours before their deaths.
• Chancellor
  for one day before his death.
• Nuremberg Trials
  . He committed suicide with cyanide before his sentence was carried out.
• Heinrich Himmler became the second-in-command of Nazi Germany following Göring's downfall after the repeated losses of the Luftwaffe which the Reichsmarshall commanded, as Supreme Commander of the Home Army and Reichsführer-SS. As commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS), Himmler also held overall command of the Gestapo. He was the chief architect of the "Final Solution" and through the SS was overseer of the Nazi concentration camps, extermination camps, and Einsatzgruppen death squads. He held final command responsibility for annihilating "subhumans" who were deemed unworthy of living. Shortly before the end of the war, he offered to surrender "Germany" to the Western Allies if he was spared from prosecution as a Nazi leader. Himmler committed suicide with cyanide after he became a captive of the British Army.
• Minister of Foreign Affairs
  from 1938 to 1945. He was condemned to death at Nuremberg and hanged.
• tried at Nuremberg
  and sentenced to ten years in prison.
• Flensburg government
  in 1945.
• Parteikanzlei
  ) and private secretary to Adolf Hitler. He gained Hitler's trust and derived immense power within the Third Reich by controlling access to the Führer and by regulating the orbits of those closest to him.
• tried at Nuremberg and sentenced to life imprisonment
  .
• war crimes
  .
• Albert Speer was German Minister of Armaments from 1942 until the end of the war, in which position he was responsible for organizing most of the logistical aspects of Germany's war effort. He was tried at Nuremberg and sentenced to twenty years in prison.
• Nuremberg
  and hanged.
• Bohemia and Moravia (in what is now the Czech Republic). Heydrich served as president of the ICPC (later known as Interpol
  ) and was one of the main architects of the Holocaust. He died of wounds from an assassination attempt in Prague 1942.
• Reichssicherheitshauptamt); after Reinhard Heydrich's assassination. Further, Kaltenbrunner was in command of the Einsatzgruppen
  death squads. He was the highest-ranking SS leader to face trial at Nuremberg and be executed.
• Wilhelm Canaris was a German admiral, and chief of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, from 1935 to 1944. During the Second World War, he was among the military officers involved in the clandestine opposition to Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime. He was executed in the Flossenbürg concentration camp for the act of high treason.
• OKW
  , the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht or High Command of the German Military, throughout the war. He was condemned to death at Nuremberg for the commission of war crimes and hanged.
• Alfred Jodl was an army general and operations chief of the OKW throughout the war. Like his chief, Keitel, he was condemned to death at Nuremberg and hanged.
• Franz Halder was a German general and the chief of the OKH, Oberkommando des Heeres, from 1938 until September 1942, when he was dismissed after frequent disagreements with Hitler.
• Kurt Zeitzler was a German general and the chief of the OKH, from 1942 until July 1944.
• Walther von Brauchitsch was commander-in-chief of the Wehrmacht from 1940 until his dismissal in December 1941, when Hitler took personal command of the army.
• Großadmiral of the Kriegsmarine
  (Navy) from 1 April 1939 until 30 January 1943.
• Operation Typhoon, the ultimately failed attempt to capture Moscow
  during the winter of 1941. His final command was that of Army Group South in 1942 before being dismissed by Hitler. He was killed by British aircraft on May 4, 1945.
• Albert Kesselring was a German Luftwaffe general. He served as commander of Luftflotte 2 for the early part of the war, commanding air campaigns in west and east, before being assigned as commander-in-chief of German forces in the Mediterranean, a position he would occupy for most of the war, commanding German forces in the defense of Italy. In March 1945, he became the last German commander-in-chief in the west.
• Battle for Norway and the Battle of Britain. His greatest tactical achievement was his Luftflotte's involvement in the Battle of Kursk and his planes' bombing of the Orel bulge during Operation Kutuzov. He was also one of the principal commanders of Operation Weserübung, The Blitz, Western Front, Battle of Berlin and Operation Barbarossa. At the end of the war he was appointed the supreme commander of the Luftwaffe after Göring had been dismissed for treason. After the surrender of Nazi Germany
  in May 1945, Greim was captured by the Allies. He committed suicide in prison on 24 May 1945.
• Gerd von Rundstedt was a Generalfeldmarschall (field marshal) in the German army and held some of the highest field commands in all phases of the war. He commanded large formations during the invasion of Poland and Battle of France. During Operation Barbarossa, he was named commander of Army Group South. In 1942 he was appointed commander of OB West. He retained this command (with several interruptions) until his dismissal by Hitler in March 1945.
• Erich von Manstein is credited with the drawing up of the Ardennes invasion plan of France. In the Soviet campaign, he also conquered Sevastopol in 1942 and was then made Generalfeldmarschall and took command of Army Group South. A command he held until he was dismissed by Hitler in March 1944. He is often considered one of the finest German strategists and field commanders of World War II.
• Panzergruppe Guderian
  during Operation Barbarossa. Guderian later served as chief of staff of the army from July 1944 to March 1945.
• Afrika Korps in the North African campaign and became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox". Rommel was admired as a tactical genius by both Axis and Allied leaders during the war. He was subsequently in command of the German forces during the battle of Normandy
  . He was forced to commit suicide on October 14, 1944, for being implicated in the July 20th plot against Hitler.
• Ardennes Offensive
  . He committed suicide on April 21, 1945.
• Hans-Jürgen von Arnim was a German colonel general and commander-in-chief of the Army Group Africa and de facto commander of the Afrika Korps from March 9, 1943, until his capture by the British Indian Army's 14th Infantry Division on May 12, 1943.

Kingdom of Hungary (1940–1945)

• Miklós Horthy was the supreme regent (head of state) from 1920 until 1944.
• István Horthy was the deputy of the regent in 1942.
• László Bárdossy was his prime minister from 1941 until 1942. After World War II, Bárdossy was tried by a People's Court in November 1945. He was sentenced to death and executed in 1946.
• prime minister
  from 1942 until 1944.
• Döme Sztójay was prime minister from March until August 1944. Sztójay was captured by American troops and extradited to Hungary in October 1945, after which time he was tried by a Communist People's Tribunal in Budapest. He was sentenced to death and executed in 1946.
• Géza Lakatos was a general in the Hungarian Army during World War II who served briefly as prime minister, under governor Miklós Horthy from August 29, 1944, until October 15 the same year.
• Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer was the Minister of the Interior of Hungary from 1938 to 1944. He was also the Ispán of Baranya, Pécs, and Somogy counties.
• Ferenc Szálasi was the leader of the fascist Arrow Cross Party, the "Leader of the Hungarian Nation" (Nemzetvezető), and the prime minister from 1944 to 1945. He was tried by the People's Tribunal in Budapest. He was sentenced to death and executed in 1946.
• Béla Miklós was acting as prime minister, at first in opposition, from 1944 to 1945.
• Károly Bartha
  was a colonel general, Minister of Defence.
• Ferenc Feketehalmy-Czeydner
• Ferenc Szombathelyi was a colonel general, chief of the General Staff.
• Ferenc Farkas de Kisbarnak
• defence of Budapest
  . Hindy was captured by the Soviets On February 11, 1945, when he tried to escape just prior to the fall of the city on February 13. He was sentenced to death and executed in 1946.
• Gusztáv Jány was the commander of the Hungarian forces at the Battle of Stalingrad.
• Zoltán Szügyi was the commander of the Szent László Infantry Division.
• László Háry was the commander of the Hungarian Air Force.
• Hungarian Third Army
  .

Kingdom of Italy (1940–1943), Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)

Victor Emmanuel III

• armistice with the Allies, setting up a Royalist government in Southern Italy
  led by the Marshal.
• anti-socialism combined with state propaganda. In 1925, he assumed dictatorial powers as the Duce ("Leader") of Fascism, and was subsequently called Duce by his Fascist supporters. From 1925, King Victor Emmanuel III delegated his powers to Mussolini and opposition to Mussolini and the Fascist state was seen as treason. Though his regime influenced Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany, Mussolini did not subscribe to Nazi racial theories, dismissing them as mythical and fabricated. Only in 1938, under increased pressure from Hitler, did he adopt anti-Semitism as a state policy, and opposed the deportation of Jews by the Germans from Italian territory. Mussolini was the official head of the Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN ("Volunteer Militia for National Security"), often called the "Blackshirts", who were Fascist partisans loyal specifically to him, rather than the King. Successive military defeats from 1941, culminating in the Battle of El Alamein in 1942 and the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943, led to Mussolini and his government's dissolution and dismissal by the King. Arrested on the orders of the King, Mussolini was rescued by the Germans and became the puppet Head of State of the Italian Social Republic
  (regime under control of Nazi Germany) in northern Italy. Mussolini was executed by Italian partisans on 28 April 1945, while attempting to flee to Spain.
• armistice and set up a Royalist government in Southern Italy (Brindisi
  ).
• Greco-Italian War
  in which Italian forces faltered badly.
• Italo Gariboldi was the commander of the Italian forces at the Battle of Stalingrad.
• Ettore Bastico was the overall commander of the Axis forces in North Africa from 1941 to 1943.
• Arturo Riccardi was the head of the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) from 1940 to 1943, his powers being delegated to him from the King, who was the official supreme commander of the Italian Royal Navy.
• Inigo Campioni was a commander of the Italian Royal Navy during the battles of Taranto, Cape Spartivento, and Calabria.
• Angelo Iachino succeeded Campioni as commander of the Royal Italian Navy.
• Italo Balbo was the most important person of the Italian Royal Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) from the 1930s until his death in 1940. His powers were officially delegated to him from the King, who was the official supreme commander of the Italian Royal Air Force. He also commanded the Tenth army in Libya until his death.
• Galeazzo Ciano was appointed minister of foreign affairs in 1936 by Mussolini (who was also his father-in-law) and remained in that position until the end of the Fascist regime in 1943. Ciano signed the Pact of Steel with Germany in 1939 and subsequently the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Japan in 1940. Ciano attempted to convince Mussolini to bring Italy out of the war as casualties mounted but was ignored. In 1943, Ciano supported the ousting of Mussolini as prime minister. Ciano was later executed by Fascists in the Italian Social Republic for betraying Mussolini.
• Armee Ligurien
  ) of the RSI.
• Tunisia Campaign
  . He is considered by many to be the best Italian general of the war.
• Mario Roatta was a general of the Italian army, best known for his role in Italian repression against civilians, in the Slovene and Croatian-inhabited areas of the Italian-occupied Yugoslavia.
• Allied Invasion of Sicily
  .
• Rino Corso Fougier was a general in the Royal Italian Air Force and Chief of Staff 1941–43.
• Giuseppe Fioravanzo was one of the "intellectuals" of the Regia Marina; he was one of the main authors of the development of Italian naval doctrine between the two World Wars.
• Junio Valerio Borghese was the commander of the Decima Flottiglia MAS.

Empire of Japan

• Shiro Ishii's bacteriological research unit,^[3] while, according to some authors, assuming control over the use of chemical and bacteriological weapons.^[4] His generals took the full blame and he was exonerated from criminal prosecution, with all members of the imperial family, by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
  (SCAP).
• Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers to exonerate Hirohito and the imperial family of criminal responsibility and came under suspicion of war crimes
  . He committed suicide in 1945.
• Hiranuma Kiichirō was prime minister from 5 January 1939 to 30 August 1939. He was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to life imprisonment.
• Governor-General of Korea, and Prime Minister of Japan
  from 30 August 1939 to 16 January 1940.
• Tokyo trials
  and was exonerated from criminal prosecutions.
• Tokyo tribunal
  and executed.
• Kuniaki Koiso was a senior army general who served as prime minister from July 1944 to April 1945.
• Kantarō Suzuki was an admiral who served as prime minister from April to August 1945. He agreed to Japan's surrender to the Allies on August 15, 1945.
• tried and sentenced
  to life imprisonment but was released in 1955 with all the other major convicts.
• Nanking massacre and regularly used chemical weapons in China. Kan'in was one of the main proponents of State Shinto
  . He died before the end of the war.
• sanko sakusen
  . He committed suicide in 1945.
• Hisaichi Terauchi was a Marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and the Commander of the Southern Expeditionary Army Group from 1941 to 1945, overseeing all IJA operations across South-East Asia and the South-West Pacific. He surrendered at the end of the war and died of a stroke in 1946, while a prisoner of war.
• Masaharu Homma was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, most noted for his victory in conquering the Philippines in the Philippines Campaign.
• Yoshijirō Umezu was Commander of the Kwantung Army from 1939 to 1944, and was the Chief of Staff of the Army from 1944 to 1945. He was sentenced by the Tokyo Tribunal to life imprisonment in 1948, and died of cancer in prison the following year.
• war crimes primarily related to the activities of Unit 731
  , but was released in 1956 and repatriated to Japan.
• Japanese Imperial Army
  from 1905 to 1945. He was most famous for conquering the British colonies of Malaya and Singapore, earning the nickname "The Tiger of Malaya". He was hanged on 23 February 1946.
• Hiroyasu Fushimi was Chief of Staff of the Navy from 1932 to 1941. Starting in 1937, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service implemented strategic bombing of Chinese cities such as Shanghai and Guangzhou. He was exonerated from criminal prosecutions with all members of the imperial family by SCAP.
• Tokyo tribunal
  but died in prison before his sentence was carried out.
• Isoroku Yamamoto was Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1939 to 1943 and was responsible for Japan's early naval victories, including the attack on Pearl Harbor. Considered the most brilliant Japanese naval commander of the war, his death in 1943 deprived the military of a skilled tactician and was a severe blow to Japanese morale.
• Jisaburō Ozawa was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, commander of the Japanese forces in the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944. He was the last commander-in-chief of the Japanese fleet.
• Tadamichi Kuribayashi was commander of Japanese forces who was killed at the battle of Iwo Jima.
• Isamu Yokoyama was commander of Japanese forces in China.
• Shigeyoshi Inoue was commander of Japanese forces at the Battle of the Coral Sea.
• Korechika Anami was an army general who served as war minister at the time of the Japanese surrender.
• Masakazu Kawabe was the commander of Japanese forces in Northern Burma and Western Yunnan.
• Prince Yasuhiko Asaka was a general in the army. He commanded the attack at Nanjing.
• Yasuji Okamura was commander in chief of the China Expeditionary Army from 1944 until the end of the war.
• Shunroku Hata was commander of Japanese forces during the Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign. He was tried with war crimes and sentenced to life imprisonment after the war, but was paroled in 1954. He took command of Hiroshima after the bombing of the city.
• Harukichi Hyakutake was an army general who commanded the Japanese 17th Army at the Battle for Henderson Field.

Kingdom of Romania (1940–1944)

• Ion Antonescu was the Prime Minister of Romania and the Conducător (Leader) with dictatorial powers from 1940 to 1944. He was sentenced to death and executed in 1946.
• a coup to overthrow Antonescu
  and switched sides to the Allies in 1944. He died in 2017.
• Ion Gigurtu was the Prime Minister of Romania from July to September 1940, right before Antonescu. A committed Germanophile, he took the first major steps for the integration of Romania into the Axis, including the withdrawal of Romania from the League of Nations (11 July) and the enacting of a local version of the Nuremberg Laws (9 August).
• Carol II was King from 1930 to 1940. He named Gigurtu and then Antonescu as Prime Ministers, being forced to resign by the latter after giving him dictatorial powers.
• Constantin Sănătescu was the prime minister 1944.
• Nicolae Rădescu was the prime minister 1944–45.
• Romanian Third Army
  on its campaign against the Soviet Union.
• Romanian Fourth Army
  .
• Emanoil Ionescu commanded the Royal Romanian Air Force.
• Ermil Gheorghiu commanded the Royal Romanian Air Force.
• Horia Macellariu commanded the Royal Romanian Navy.
• Horia Sima was head of the pro-Nazi "government in exile".

Client states and protectorates of the Axis

Slovak Republic (1939–1945)

• Slovak Republic
  .
• Vojtech Tuka, prime minister.
• Ferdinand Čatloš was commander of the Field Army Bernolák during the Invasion of Poland.
• Rudolf Pilfousek was commander of the SS-Heimatschutz Slowakei.
• Augustín Malár
• Ján Golian

French State (1940–1944)

• Free French Forces, and eventually fell to them. After the war, Pétain was tried for treason
  and sentenced to life in prison.
• Pierre Laval was Pétain's head of government in 1940, and from 1942 to 1944. Under his second government, collaboration with Nazi Germany intensified. In 1945, Laval was tried for treason, sentenced to death and executed.
• René Bousquet was the deputy head of the Vichy police force.
• French Militia. A pro-Nazi leader, he was a strong supporter of the Hitler and Pétain governments. He established the Milice to round-up Jews and fight the French Resistance
  . He was tried for treason and executed after the war.
• Governor-General of French Indochina representing the Vichy government. Decoux's task in Indochina was to reverse the policy of appeasement towards the Japanese led by his predecessor General Georges Catroux
  , but political realities soon forced him to continue down the same road. Arrested and tried after the war, Decoux was not convicted.

Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945)

• Ante Pavelić, Headman (Poglavnik) of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) from 1941 to 1945.
• King of Croatia
  .
• Nikola Mandić, prime minister under Pavelić from 1943 to 1945.
• Mladen Lorković, the Foreign Minister and Minister of the Interior of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH)
• Slavko Kvaternik, Minister of Defense.
• Vladimir Laxa, Army Chief of Staff.
• Vladimir Kren, was the commander of the Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia.
• Edgar Angeli, was the commander of the Navy of the Independent State of Croatia.
• Vjekoslav Luburić, was the commander of the Croatian Armed Forces.
• Jure Francetić, was the commander of the Black Legion.
• Croatian Legion
  .
• Andro Vrkljan, was the commander of the Croatian Naval Legion.

Puppet states of Nazi Germany

Protectorate of Denmark (1940–1945)

• Leonhard Kaupisch, Military commander of Denmark.
• Werner Best, served as a civilian administrator in Denmark.
• Erik Scavenius, Prime minister of Denmark from 1942 to 1943. He pursued a collaborative policy with the German occupation force until he dissolved the Danish government in 1943, and was replaced by German martial law.
• Frits Clausen, National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark
• Christian Peder Kryssing, was commander of the Free Corps Denmark.
• Christian Frederik von Schalburg, was commander of the Free Corps Denmark.
• Schalburg Corps
  .

Province of Ljubljana (1943–1945)

• Leon Rupnik, was the President of the provincial government.
• Gregorij Rožman,
• Battle of Turjak Castle

Norwegian National government (1940–1945)

• Vidkun Quisling, Minister-President of the Norwegian national government from 1942 to 1945.
• Kjeld Stub Irgens
• Ragnar Skancke
• Sverre Riisnæs
• Jonas Lie, Minister of Police and SS-Standartenführer of the Germanic-SS Norway.
• Karl Marthinsen, General of Police, head of Norwegian STAPO (Statspolitiet) and SIPO (Sikkerhetspolitiet). He was assassinated by the resistance in 1945 due to increasing power and influence over the Norwegian military.
• Sophus Kahrs, was commander of the SS Ski Jäger Battalion "Norwegen".
• Arthur Qvist, was commander of the Norwegian Legion.

Government of National Salvation, Serbia (1941–1944)

• Milan Nedić, general and Prime Minister of the Government of National Salvation.
• Milan Aćimović, minister of Internal Affairs of the Government of National Salvation
• Zbor and ideological leader of Serbian Volunteer Corps
  .
• Dragomir Jovanović, was commander of the Serbian State Guard.
• Kosta Mušicki, was commander of the Serbian Volunteer Corps.
• Kosta Pećanac, was commander of the Pećanac Chetniks.
• Strahinja Janjić, was commander of the 1st Belgrade Special Combat detachment.

Puppet states of the Kingdom of Italy

Albanian Kingdom (1940–1943)

• Albanian Kingdom
  .
• Tefik Mborja, Albanian Fascist Party

Kingdom of Montenegro (1941–1943)

• Kingdom of Montenegro
  until his imprisonment in 1941.
• Blažo Đukanović was later military leader of Montenegro, as head of the Central Nationalist Committee, from 1942 to 1943.
• Pavle Đurišić was commander of the Montenegrin Volunteer Corps.
• Krsto Popović was commander of the Lovćen Brigade.

Joint German-Italian puppet states

Hellenic State (1941–1944)

• Georgios Tsolakoglou was Prime Minister of the Greek collaborationist government from April 30, 1941, to December 2, 1942.
• Konstantinos Logothetopoulos was prime minister from December 2, 1942, to April 7, 1943.
• Ioannis Rallis was prime minister from April 7, 1943, to October 12, 1944.
• Georgios Bakos Minister of Defence.

Puppet states of Imperial Japan

Chairman Wang Jingwei

Chairman Demchugdongrub

State of Burma (1942–1945)

• Ba Maw, political leader.

Kingdom of Cambodia (1945)

• King
  from 1927 until his death in 1941.
• Norodom Sihanouk was the King following Monivong's death.
• Son Ngoc Thanh, prime minister.

Republic of China-Nanjing (1940–1945)

• Republic of China
  .
• Chen Gongbo, Head of the Legislative Yuan.
• Zhou Fohai, Head of the Executive Yuan.

Provisional Government of Free India (1943–1945)

• Free India
  government.

Kingdom of Laos (1945)

• Phetsarath Ratanavongsa, prime minister from 1942 to 1945 and vice-king.

Great Manchu Empire

• People's Republic of China
  .
• Zhang Jinghui was the Prime Minister of Manchukuo. Zhang was a Chinese general and politician during the Warlord Era who collaborated with the Japanese to establish Manchukuo. After the war, he was captured and imprisoned by the Red Army.
• Xi Qia was the finance superintendent of Manchukuo in 1932, a minister of Manchukuo in 1934, and palace and interior minister in 1936. At the end of World War II he was captured by the Soviets and held in a Siberian prison until he was returned to China in 1950, where he died in prison.
• Chang Hai-peng, general of the Manchukuo Imperial Army.

Mengjiang United Autonomous Government

• Demchugdongrub was the vice-chairman, then the chairman. In 1941 he became chairman of the Mongolian Autonomous federation.
• Li Shouxin

Second Philippine Republic (1943–1945)

• José P. Laurel, President
  .

Empire of Vietnam (1945)

• Emperor of Vietnam
  from 1945 until 1949.
• Tran Trong Kim, prime minister
  .

Co-belligerent state combatants

Various countries fought side by side with the Axis powers for a common cause. These countries were not signatories of the Tripartite Pact and thus not formal members of the Axis.

Finland (1941–1944)

Main article: Finland in World War II

• Marshal of Finland
  .
• 4th President of Finland
  .
• Risto Ryti was 5th President of Finland and the 14th Prime Minister of Finland.
• Johan Wilhelm Rangell was the Prime Minister of Finland 1941–1943.
• Eric Heinrichs commanded the Army of Karelia during the Continuation War.
• Karl Lennart Oesch commanded the Army of Karelia and during the trench warfare phase of the Continuation War.
• Jarl Lundqvist commanded the Finnish Air Force during the Continuation War.
• Väinö Valve commanded the Finnish Navy during the Continuation War.

Kingdom of Iraq (1941)

Main article: Anglo-Iraqi War

• Faisal II of Iraq was King of Iraq
• Nuri Said Pasha and established an anti-British regime. Britain responded with severe economic sanctions against Iraq and an invasion. The Anglo-Iraqi War ended with a British victory and Ali al-Kaylani out of power.^{[citation needed}
  ]
• Haj Amin al-Husseini was the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem who had been exiled from the British Mandate of Palestine for his nationalist activities. Husseini issued a 'fatwa' for a holy war against British rule in May 1941. The Mufti's widely heralded proclamation against Britain was declared in Iraq, where he was instrumental in the anti-British Iraqi revolt
  .

Kingdom of Thailand (1942–1945)

See also: Thailand in World War II

• King of Thailand
  from 1935 until his death in 1946. During the war, Mahidol stayed in neutral Switzerland. He returned to Thailand in 1945 after the war.
• French-Thai War
  . In 1941, he allied Thailand with Japan and allowed it to use the country for the invasions of Burma and Malaya. When Japanese defeat was imminent, he was pressured to resign in 1944.
• British Burma
  .
• Phin Choonhavan commanded the Phayap Army 's 3rd Division before being made military governor of the Shan States
• revolutionary and cabinet minister, was appointed to the regency council in 1941. By 1944, he became sole Regent and de facto Head of State, but this position was only nominal. He secretly became leader of the resistance forces or the Free Thai Movement
  in 1942.
• Khuang Aphaiwong, Prime Minister of Thailand, 1944–45.

See also

• Axis powers of World War II
• Allied leaders of World War II
• Commanders of World War II

References

1. ISBN 978-2221100943
   .
2. ISBN 978-0007195763
   .
3. ^ Daniel Barenblat, A plague upon humanity, 2004, p.37.
4. ^ Yoshiaki Yoshimi, Dokugasusen Kankei Shiryō II, Kaisetsu(Materials on Poison Gas Warfare), 1997, pp.25–29., Herbert P. Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, 2001