Baranya (region)
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Baranya or Baranja (
Name
The name of the region come from the Slavic word 'bara', which means 'marsh', 'bog',[citation needed] thus the name of Baranya means 'marshland'. Even today large parts of the region are swamps, such as the natural reservation Kopački Rit in its southeast. Another theory states that the name of the region comes from the Croatian and Hungarian word 'bárány', which means ram of 'ovis'.
History
Historically, the region of Baranya was part of the
The region of Baranya was settled by the
In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire captured Baranya, and included it into the sanjak of Mohács, an Ottoman administrative unit, with the seat in the town of Mohaç. Later the sanjak of Peçuy was created from the northwestern part of the Mohaç Sanjak. After Ottoman rule was established the area was settled by people from Bosnia.[1] In the late the 17th century Baranya was captured by the Habsburg monarchy and Baranya County was restored within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. Under the Habsburgs the area was settled by Germans; the total number of German settlers who emigrated from different parts of Germany to Hungary between 1686 and 1829 is estimated at 150,000. The official name Danube Swabians has been used for this population group since 1922. Croats moved from Bosnia into Slavonia and Baranja en masse after the Ottoman retreat, and this population is today known as the Šokci.[2]
In 1918, the entire region was captured by Serbian troops. The
The southern (Yugoslav) part of the region was part of Novi Sad county between 1918 and 1922, part of
During the
Stifolder
The Stifolder or Stiffoller Shvove are a Roman Catholic subgroup of the so called Danube Swabians. Their ancestors once came ca. 1717 - 1804 from the Hochstift Fulda and surroundings, (Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda), and settled in the Baranya.[3] They retained their own German dialect and culture, until the end of WW2. After WW2 the majority of Danube Swabians were expelled to allied-occupied Germany and allied-occupied Austria as a result of the Potsdam Agreement.[4] Only a few people can speak the old Stiffolerisch Schvovish dialect. Also, a salami is named after these people.[5]
Geography
Baranya is divided between Hungary and Croatia with the majority of the region lying in Hungary. The Hungarian portion of the region coextensive with Baranya County, while in Croatia, it comprises only part of Osijek-Baranja County. Contemporary Hungarian usage of Baranya usually refers only to the Hungarian section while the terms Drávaköz and Drávaszög ("Drava corner") are used for Croatian Baranja.
Hungarian Baranya
Some of the important cities and towns in Hungarian Baranya (with population figures from 2001 census):
- Pécs (158,942)
- Komló (27,462)
- Mohács (19,085)
- Szigetvár (11,492)
- Siklós (10,384)
- Szentlőrinc (7,265)
- Pécsvárad (4,104)
- Bóly (3,715)
- Sásd (3,570)
- Harkány (3,519)
- Sellye (3,248)
- Villány (2,793)
Croatian Baranja
Municipalities in Croatian Baranja (with population figures from 2001 census):[6]
- Beli Manastir (10,986)
- Darda (7,062)
- Bilje (5,480)
- Kneževi Vinogradi (5,186)
- Draž (3,356)
- Čeminac (2,856)
- Petlovac (2,743)
- Jagodnjak (2,537)
- Popovac (2,427)
- Suburban settlements of Tvrđavica and Podravlje of the city of Osijek
The main settlement in Croatian Baranja is Beli Manastir with a population of 8,671 (2001 census). Most of the municipalities in Croatian Baranja have a Croat ethnic majority with a small Danube Swabians minority. The municipality of Jagodnjak has a Serb ethnic majority and the municipality of Kneževi Vinogradi has a Hungarian plurality.
Demographics
Hungarian Baranya
In 2001, the population of Hungarian Baranya (Baranya county) numbered 407,448 inhabitants, including:[7]
- Hungarians = 375,611 (92.19%)
- Germans of Hungary = 22,720 (5.58%)
- Romani people in Hungary = 10,623 (2.61%)
- Croats of Hungary = 7,294 (1.79%)
Croatian Baranja
In 2011, the population of Croatian Baranja numbered 39,420 inhabitants, including:[8]
- Croats = 23,041 (58.45%)
- Serbs of Croatia = 7,278 (18.46%)
- Hungarians of Croatia= 5,980 (15.17%)
- Germans of Croatia = 3,121 (7.92%)
Gallery
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Aerial photography: Pécs, Hungary
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Pécs, Hungary, Main Square
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2004 waterfront of Batina, Croatia
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Aerial Photography: Szigetvár, Hungary - Castle
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Castle of Siklós, Hungary
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Szentlőrinc, Hungary - Palace from above
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Aerial photography: Castle of Pécsvárad, Hungary
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Aerial photography: Bóly, Hungary - Palace
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A scene in Villány Mountains, Hungary
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Turkish Monument of Pécs, Hungary (Jakovali Hassan mosque)
See also
- Baranya-Baja Republic
- Baranya County
- Baranya County (former)
- List of places in Croatian Baranja
- Osijek-Baranja County
- Srem-Baranja Oblast
Notes
- ^ Nihad Kulenović, 2016, Cross border cooperation between Baranja and Tuzla Region, http://baza.gskos.hr/Graniceidentiteti.pdf #page=234
- ISSN 1330-3627. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ "Ihr Herz schlägt im Süden / [1], "Stifoller" Kolonisten in der Tolnau und Branau/Ungarn, 1717-1804 ; so könnte es gewesen sein". WorldCat.org. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ "Das Hochstift Fulda".
- ^ "The best salami in Hungary". 25 July 2018.
- ^ "SAS Output". Dzs.hr. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Popis stanovništva Baranje prema narodnosti". Archived from the original on 2018-09-09. Retrieved 2018-09-09.