Battle of Kruty

Battle of Kruty
Part of the Ukrainian–Soviet War
Scheme of the Battle of Kruty.
Date January 29[1] or 30,[2] 1918 Location near Kruty, Ukraine 51°4′46.32″N 32°9′33.48″E / 51.0795333°N 32.1593000°E / 51.0795333; 32.1593000 Result Strategic Ukrainian victory Capture of Kyiv by Soviet forces delayed Conclusion of the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Massacre of students who defended the station from the bolshevik offensive[3]
Belligerents
Ukrainian People's Republic	Soviet Russia
Commanders and leaders
Averkiy Honcharenko [uk]	Reingold Berzin[2]
Units involved
The Kyiv Cadet auxiliary kurin and the company size element of Free Cossacks	Group of forces in battle with the counterrevolution in the South of Russia
Strength
Total: 600 soldiers 500 students 2 armored trains[2] ~100 cossacks	Total: 6,000 soldiers 1,000 men (strike force) armored trains[2] artillery battery
Casualties and losses
less than 260[2] prisoners 36[2] (later 28 executed[2])	Heavy, about 300[4]

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The Battle of Kruty (

Order of battle

Ukrainian forces (D. Nosenko)^[2]

• 1st Student Company^[a] (Sich Riflemen auxiliary kurin) - Petro Omelchenko^[5] (fatally wounded) (116 soldiers) was split into four platoons
• Cadet Corps of the 1st Ukrainian military school of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi^[b] - Averkiy Honcharenko (~200 soldiers)
• Hlukhiv Free Cossacks (80 soldiers)
  • Cavalry detachment
• Ad hoc armed train (consisted of artillery gun on a flatcar) - S.Loshchenko
• Armored train - M.Yartsev (wounded), withdrew to Nizhyn

Russian forces (Mikhail Muravyov)^[2]

• 1st Revolutionary Army (Komdiv Pavel Yegorov) - 1,500
  • Baltic sailors of Remnyov
  • 1st Petrograd Red Guards
    • 1st battalion - Lifanov (wounded)
    • 2nd battalion - Vorobyov
  • 1st Moscow Red Guards - Ye.Lapidus
  • Armored train No.2
• 2nd Revolutionary Army (
  Reingold Berzin
  )
  • 436th Novo-Ladoga Regiment
  • 534th Novo-Kyiv Regiment
  • detachment of Baltic sailors
  • Lenin armored train

The battle

As

Just before the assault Tymchenko was replaced by D. Nosenko. Tymchenko left for Nizhyn in attempt to recruit the locally quartered Shevchenko Regiment (800 soldiers) to the Ukrainian side.^[2] On January 30, 1918, the Shevchenko regiment sided with the Soviet regime, the news of which forced the Ukrainian garrison of Kruty hastily to withdraw.^[2] Over half of the 400 men were killed during the battle, which lasted up to five hours. In Soviet historiography, the battle is mistakenly dated on January 29, 1918^[2] and confused with the Plysky rail station skirmish (uk:Плиски (станція)).^[2]

The Haidamaka Kish of

Eighteen of the students were re-buried at

After the fall of the Ukrainian People's Republic the bodies of the students were moved to the Lukyanivske Cemetery in Kyiv.

Ukrainian legacy

The true story of the battle was hidden by the Soviet Government. Only recently, a monument was set up to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Kruty at Askold's Grave, and a commemorative hryvnia coin was minted. In 2006, the Kruty Heroes Monument was erected on the site of the historic battle. The battle is remembered each year on or around January 29.^[8]

Ukrainian youngsters lost their lives to stop the Bolshevist army of Russian Lieutenant General Nikolai Muravyov from advancing on Kyiv.

— 

Viktor Yuschenko at the 91st anniversary of the battle describing the students^[9]

Young people, like

Spartan soldiers

, died for the sake of their motherland in a struggle against foreign aggressors, and it was an example of their sacrifice and selfless love for their native land. Every anniversary of the Heroes of Kruty is not only a day to honor those people who loved our motherland more than their lives. This is also another reminder to our contemporary politicians regarding their responsibility for the fate of their country and people.

— Ex-Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko describing the battle^[10]

Near Kruty the Kyiv military cadets and students became the forerunners of the Ukrainian political nation. Having different ethnic roots, they as one fought for our Ukrainian State. As the founding of the Ukrainian People's Republic became the base of the Ukrainian statehood, so the heroism of the Kruty's warriors became the beginning and the symbol of liberating struggles of Ukrainians for the liberty in the past 20th century.

— 

Viktor Yuschenko at the 91st anniversary of the battle^[11]

Important personalities

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• Leonid Butkevych, the youngest soldier who was in the sixth grade
• Yakiv Ryabokin-Rohoza-Rozanov
• Volodymyr Shulhyn, a brother of the Ukrainian statesman Oleksander Shulhyn
• Ivano Hrushetsky, later an Orthodox priest who eventually died in a Soviet prison in August 1940
• Mytrofan Shvydun, later continued to fight on the "Shooter" and "Free Ukraine" armored trains and in 1941 organized the Lutsk Battalion of
  OUN^[5]
  (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists)
• Mykhailo Mykhailyk, later wrote a detailed memoir about the battle
• Numerous former students of Kruty became the base of the officer corps of the legendary Black Zaporizhians Cavalry Regiment
• Mykola Kryvopusk and Hnat Martynyuk in 1920-1921 served as personal bodyguards of
  Symon Petlyura
  , Martynyuk, after becoming a priest, perished in Volyn in 1943 under unknown circumstances
• Serhiy Zakhvalsky, eventually became an officer in the Polish Army, however, he was renowned for imprisoning a whole company of the Red Army in 1920, while heading one of the cavalry squads of the Zaliznyak Cavalry Regiment
• Averkiy Honcharenko, in 1943 became one of the organizers of the
  SS Halychyna^[5]
  of which he was appointed a commander in 1945
• Petro Franchuk, one of the members of SS Halychyna
• Yuri Voronoy, son of Ukrainian mathematician Georgy Voronoy, performed the first human kidney transplant in 1933^[13]

To the memory of the thirties

At the Askold Cemetery
They were buried,
The thirty martyrs-Ukrainians,
The glorious young...

At the Askold Cemetery
The Ukrainian bloom! —
By the bloody roadway
For us to follow into the world.

Onto whom has dared to rise
The betrayer's hand?
Sun is blooming, wind is playing
And the Dnieper-river...

Against whom has Cain committed?
O, Lord, punish them!
Over everything they loved
It was their loved land.

They died in the New Testament
With the glory of saints.
At the Askold Cemetery
They were buried.

— Pavlo Tychyna, 1918 (free translation)^[14]

Gallery

• 
  Photo, mistakenly taken as photo of burial of the student fighters of the battle, 1918
• 
  A hryvnia coin commemorating the Battle of Kruty
• 
  Kruty monument on Askold's Grave

See also

• Kruty Heroes Memorial
• Kyiv Arsenal January Uprising
• Group of forces in fight with counter revolution in the South Russia

Notes