Cloak

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A young man in an evening cloak, 1823.
Cloak, 1580–1600 Victoria and Albert Museum, No. 793-1901

A cloak is a type of loose

outerwear for outdoor wear, serving the same purpose as an overcoat, protecting the wearer from the weather. It may form part of a uniform.[1] People in many different societies may wear cloaks. Over time cloak designs have changed to match fashion and available textiles.[2]

Cloaks generally fasten at the neck or over the shoulder, and vary in length from the hip all the way down to the ankle – mid-calf being the normal length. They may have an attached hood and may cover and fasten down the front, in which case they have holes or slits for the hands to pass through. However, cloaks are almost always sleeveless.

Christian

vestments or as part of a religious habit.[3]

Etymology

The word cloak comes from Old North French cloque (Old French cloche, cloke) meaning "travelling cloak", from Medieval Latin clocca "travelers' cape," literally "a bell," so called from the garment's bell-like shape. Thus the word is related to the word clock.[4]

History

Ancient Greeks and Romans were known to wear cloaks. Greek men and women wore the himation, from the Archaic through the Hellenistic periods (c. 750–30 BC).[5] Romans would later wear the Greek-styled cloak, the pallium. The pallium was quadrangular, shaped like a square,[6] and sat on the shoulders, not unlike the himation.

Romans of the Republic would wear the toga as a formal display of their citizenship. It was denied to foreigners[7] and was worn by magistrates on all occasions as a badge of office. The toga allegedly originated with Numa Pompilius (r. 715–672 BC), the second semi-legendary king of Rome.[8]

Eminent personages in Kievan Rus' adopted the Byzantine chlamys in the form of a fur-lined korzno [uk][9] (

Old East Slavic: кързно).[10]

Powerful noblemen and elite warriors of the

Opera cloak

In full

coat
would crush or hide the garment. Opera cloaks are made of quality materials such as wool or cashmere, velvet and satin.

Ladies may wear a long (over the shoulders or to ankles) cloak usually called a cape, or a full-length cloak. Gentlemen wear an ankle-length or full-length cloak. Formal cloaks often have expensive, colored linings and trimmings such as silk, satin, velvet and fur.

The term was the title of a 1942 operatic comedy.[12]

In literature and the arts

Aztec emperor Moctezuma II
wearing a tilmàtli.
Couple hiding under the same cloak, fragment of an Ancient Greek red-figure cup, ca. 525 BC–500 BC, found in Athens. Louvre Museum, Paris.

According to the King James Version of the Bible, Matthew recorded Jesus of Galilee saying in Matthew 5:40: "And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also." The King James Version of the Bible has the words recorded a little differently in Luke 6:29: "...and him that taketh away thy cloke, forbid not to take thy coat also."

Cloaks are a staple garment in the

Universal Studios motion picture version of the play, he retained the cloak as part of his outfit, which made such a strong impression that cloaks came to be equated with Count Dracula
in nearly all non-historical media depictions of him.

Fantasy cloaks are often

Cloak of Levitation, which not only enables its wearer to levitate, but has other mystical abilities as well. Doctor Strange also uses it as a weapon. Alternatively, cloaks in fantasy may nullify magical projectiles, as the "cloak of magic resistance" in NetHack
.

Metaphor

Figuratively, a cloak may be anything that disguises or conceals something. In many science fiction franchises, such as

cloaking devices, which provide a way to avoid detection by making objects appear invisible. A real device, albeit of limited capability, was demonstrated in 2006.[13]

Because they keep a person hidden and conceal a weapon, the phrase

is a reference to this.

See also

References

  1. ^ Bernadine Morris (March 31, 1981). "Italian fashion's success: a fresh point of view". The New York Times. a simple wrap .. extra layer of protection from the elements
  2. ^ Bess Liebenson (February 24, 1991). "Changing Shapes of Clothes: Little for Men, Lots for Women". The New York Times.
  3. ^ "cappa". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  4. ^ "cloak – Origin and meaning of cloak by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
  5. ^ "Himation – clothing".
  6. ^ Tertullian, De Pallio, I
  7. ^ Suetonius, Divus Claudius, XV
  8. ^ William Smith, LLD; William Wayte; G. E. Marindin, eds. (1890). "Toga". A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London: John Murray.
  9. ^ Stamerov, K. (1986). History of Ukrainian Costume: From the Scythian Period to the Late 17th Century. Ukrainian heritage library. Melbourne, Victoria: Bayda Books. p. 21.
    ISBN 9780908480166. Retrieved 30 August 2023. The prince's korzno cloak [...] was an exact copy of the Byzantine chlamys of a rectangular or semicircular cut. It was thrown over the left shoulder and fixed with a brooch (fibula
    ) on the right shoulder.
  10. ^ корзно in Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary
  11. ^ "Ancient Aztec clothing". www.aztec-history.com. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  12. ^ Olin Downes (November 4, 1942). "Double Bill Given by the New Opera: Damrosch's 'The Opera Cloak' Offered as Part of Program at Broadway Theatre". The New York Times. p. 26. Damrosch's operatic comedy, "The Opera Cloak"
  13. ^ John Schwartz (October 20, 2006). "Scientists Take Step Toward Invisibility". The New York Times.
  14. ^ Philip Taubman (May 19, 1996). "Cloak and Dagger". The New York Times.
  15. ^ "Cloak & Dagger". The New York Times. June 6, 2018. ... the comics company's .. live-action series

Sources

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