Polish Orthodox Church

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Eastern Orthodoxy in Poland
)
Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church
Polski Autokefaliczny Kościół Prawosławny
Deaneries
28
Parishes278
LanguagePolish
Church Slavonic
Portuguese
HeadquartersWarsaw, Poland
TerritoryPolandBrazil
FounderSs. Cyril and Methodius
Independence1924, 1948
RecognitionAutocephaly recognised in 1924 by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, and in 1948 by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Members504,400 (2016)[1]
Official websitewww.orthodox.pl
Part of a series on the
Eastern Orthodox Church
Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)
Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia
Overview
Background
Organization
Autocephalous jurisdictions
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure:

Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:


Autonomous jurisdictions

Semi-Autonomous:

Episcopal assemblies
Noncanonical jurisdictions
Ecumenical councils
  • Other possible ecumenical councils:
  • Other important councils:
History
Theology
Liturgy and worship
Liturgical calendar
  • The four fasting periods:
Major figures
Other topics

The Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church (

First World War
.

In total, it has approximately 500,000 adherents (2016).

Polish census of 2011, 156,000 citizens declared themselves as members.[2]

History

Early period of Russian Orthodoxy: 1793-1905

See also: Russification of Poles during the Partitions and Russification of Belarus

Following

Imperial Russia, the administration of Eastern Orthodox communities was carried out by the vicar bishop of Pereyaslav and Boryspil of the Kyiv Eparchy with residence in Slutsk.[3] The Eastern Orthodox population on territory of modern Poland was very scarce at that time.[3] In 1825 the administration was switched to the bishop of Minsk and in 1827 - the bishop of Volhynia.[3]

In 1834 there was established a post of the vicar bishop of Warsaw of the Volhynian eparchy.[3] Establishment of the post was partially due to the 1830-31 Polish uprising (so called November Uprising).[3] The idea to create the post of the vicar bishop of Warsaw belonged to the Namiestnik of Poland and Serence Prince of Warsaw Ivan Paskevich.[3] By 1834 in Vistula Land existed at least 6 parochial Orthodox temples and the Saint Onuphrius Monastery in Jabłeczna.[3] The first bishop became Antoni (Rafalski) who was an archimandrite of the Pochaiv Lavra.[3] The new vicar bishop was not only subordinated to the Volhynian eparchy, but also directly to the ober-procurator of the Holy Synod.[3]

Starting since 1783, on territories that were annexed in 1793, there were established Minsk Eparchy, Bratslav Eparchy, and Izyaslav Eparchy.

Congress of Poland.[6]

Following the 1875 conversion of Chełm Eparchy (Eparchy of Chełm–Belz) of the Ruthenian Uniate Church, the Eparchy of Warsaw was renamed as Eparchy of Warsaw and Chełm, while Marcel Popiel who played a key role in the process was ordained as a vicar bishop of the merged diocese.

Transitional period: 1905-1924

Following the

1905 revolution in the Imperial Russia, Tsar issued the manifest “On strengthening the principles of religious tolerance” which gave start to revival of Catholicism.[6] Several parishes en masse were switching back to the Uniate Church.[6]

With start of the World War I, in 1915 the Russian Church in Poland was evacuated along with the Russian administration.[6] On territory of what it was "Warsaw Eparchy" remained about 10 priests.[6] The last archbishop of Warsaw Nicholas (Ziorov) died soon after evacuation and during the remaining time of World War I, the diocese was vacant.[6]

Following the 1917–18 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow finally appointed a new bishop to the eparchy of Warsaw whom was Seraphim (Chichagov). Seraphim (Chichagov) was never able to actually arrive to his appointed diocese due to unstable situation. To fix that in September of 1921, the Archbishop of Minsk George (Yaroshevsky) was appointed as Patriarchal Exarch in Poland.[6]

First period of the autocephalous church: 1924-1939

Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene, Warsaw, the main Polish Orthodox Church
Supraśl Orthodox Monastery in Supraśl founded by Aleksander Chodkiewicz
bishop Alexander
)

The church was established in 1924 after Poland regained independence, as the

Dionizy (Waledyński) on 4 June 1922.[9]

Earlier, in January 1922, the Polish government had issued an order recognizing the Orthodox church and placing it under the authority of the state. At that time a Ukrainian,

Polish Second Republic. The Patriarch of Constantinople has the only canonical basis to grant the Tomos to new autocephalous churches. Moscow Patriarchate interpretes this otherwise though and considers itself being a successor of the Kyiv Metropolia, the former territory of Kyivan Rus' which Constantinople continued to see as its canonical territory (having agreed to allow Moscow to be its caretaker in 1686).[12] The Russian Orthodox Church at the time did not recognise Constantinople's granting of Polish autocephaly. See History of Christianity in Ukraine#Territories gained by Pereyaslav Rada
.

During the

Catholicism.[13] Several court hearings against the Pochaiv Lavra also took place.[14]

World War II: 1939-1944

Following the start of the

Alexander (Inozemtsev), Polycarp (Sikorsky) started to develop what later would be known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
.

Another member of the Polish Orthodox Church clergy, Archbishop Alexiy (Hromadsky) in

Moscow Patriarchate, known as Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church
.

Since 1945

Further information:
Polish anti-religious campaign (1945–1990)

After the

Moscow Patriarchate. The remaining parishes that were now on the territory of the Polish People's Republic were kept by the PAOC, including most of the mixed easternmost territories such as around Chełm and Białystok. In 1948, after the Soviet Union established political control over Poland, the Russian Orthodox Church recognised the autocephalous status of the Polish Orthodox Church.[10][16]

Although most of the congregation is historically centered in the Eastern borderland regions with considerable Belarusian and Ukrainian minorities, there are now many parishes across the country, as a result of

Chrysostom being raised to archepiscopal dignity. There are now parishes in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco and Paraíba, plus a mission in Ceará[18] and a monastery in João Pessoa.[17][19]

In 2003, following the decision of the Holy Sobor of Bishops of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church, the New Martyrs of Chelm and Podlasie suffering persecution during the 1940s were canonized.[20]

Primates of the Church

The Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church was established in 1924. Traditionally the primate of the church has the title Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland.

  • Metropolitan George
    (Grzegorz Jaroszewski) – Metropolitan of Warsaw (1921–1923), Russian Patriarchal Exarch in Poland (Predecessor for establishment of the structure of Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church)
  • Metropolitan Dionysius
    (Konstanty Waledyński) – Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland (1923–1948)
  • Metropolitan Macarius
    (Michał Oksijuk) – Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland (1951–1959)
  • Metropolitan Timotheus [pl
    ] (Jerzy Szretter) – Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland (1961–1962)
    • locum tenens
      George (Korenistov)
      (1962–1965)
  • Metropolitan Stefan [pl] – Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland (1965–1969)
    • locum tenens
      George (Korenistov)
      (1969–1970)
  • Metropolitan Basil [pl] (Włodzimierz Doroszkiewicz) – Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland (1970–1998)
  • Metropolitan Sabbas
    (Michał Hrycuniak) – Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland (1998–present)

Administration

Polish Orthodox Cathedrals (examples)
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Łódź
Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Białystok
Transfiguration Cathedral, Lublin
Nativity of Mary Cathedral, Wrocław

The church is headed by the

Sawa (Michał) Hrycuniak (1998–). It is divided into the following dioceses:[22]

Archdioceses and archbishops

Titular dioceses and bishops

  • Titular Diocese of Supraśl: Gregory (Charkiewicz) (2008–), Vicar Bishop for Białystok and Gdańsk[23]
  • Titular Diocese of Siemiatycze: George (Mariusz) Pańkowski (2007–), Ordinary for the Polish Orthodox Military Ordinariate and Vicar Bishop for Warsaw and Bielsk

Other entities

  • Polish Orthodox Military Ordinariate

Original dioceses

Dioceses of the Church before the World War II


Dioceses and bishops upon the issue of the tomos in 1924

  • Diocese of
    Dionizy (Waledyński)
    • vicar of Lublin: Alexander (Inozemtsev)
  • Diocese of
    Dionizy (Waledyński)
  • Diocese of
    Nowogródek
    : Aleksiy (Hromadsky)
  • Diocese of
    Polesie
  • Diocese of
    Wilna and Lida: Theodosius (Feodosiev)[24]
Following the
ROCOR, who also was assisted by Vasily (Pavlovsky).[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Mały Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 2016, Warszawa 2017, tab. 18(80), s. 115.
  2. ISBN 978-83-7027-606-5
    .
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i ВАРШАВСКОЕ ВИКАРИАТСТВО. www.pravenc.ru (Russian Orthodox Encyclopedia)
  4. ^ МИНСКАЯ И ЗАСЛАВСКАЯ ЕПАРХИЯ. www.pravenc.ru (Russian Orthodox Encyclopedia)
  5. ^ ВИЛЕНСКАЯ И ЛИТОВСКАЯ ЕПАРХИЯ. www.pravenc.ru (Russian Orthodox Encyclopedia)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g ВАРШАВСКАЯ ЕПАРХИЯ. www.pravenc.ru (Russian Orthodox Encyclopedia)
  7. ^ M. Papierzyńska-Turek, Między tradycją a rzeczywistością. Państwo wobec prawosławia 1918–1939.
  8. ^ a b ЕЛЕВФЕРИЙ. www.pravenc.ru (Russian Orthodox Encyclopedia).
  9. ^ Mironowicz A. Kościół prawosławny na ziemiach polskich w XIX i XX wieku, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, Białystok 2005, ISBN 8374310464.
  10. ^ a b Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Polish Autocephalous Orthodox church, accessed 2 June 2020.
  11. ^ "Tomos". Orthodox Church of America - UAOC - Standing Episcopal Conference of Orthodox Bishops. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
  12. ^ "Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew: "As the Mother Church, it is reasonable to desire the restoration of unity for the divided ecclesiastical body in Ukraine" - News Releases - The Ecumenical Patriarchate". www.patriarchate.org. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  13. ^ Healy, R. and Dal Lago, E. The Shadow of Colonialism on Europe’s Modern Past.
  14. ^ (in Ukrainian) ІСТОРИЧНА ВОЛИНЬ: Спроби ревіндикації луцького Свято-Троїцького собору
  15. ^ a b c d e ДИОНИСИЙ. www.pravenc.ru (Russian Orthodox Encyclopedia).
  16. ^ Russian Orthodox Church Department for External Church Relations (14 September 2018). "Statement of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church concerning the uncanonical intervention of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in the canonical territory of the Russian Orthodox Church". Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  17. ^ a b (in Portuguese) Eparquia Ortodoxa do Brasil
  18. ^ "Saint John the Precursor Orthodox Church · CE-040, 39 - Patacas, Aquiraz - CE, 61700-000, Brazil".
  19. ^ (in Portuguese) Mosteiro Ortodoxo da Dormição da Santa Mãe de Deus
  20. ^ J. Charkiewicz, Męczennicy XX wieku. Martyrologia Prawosławia w Polsce w biografiach świętych.
  21. ISBN 83-7431-046-4
    .
  22. ^ (in Polish) Polish Orthodox Church: Adminstracja
  23. ^ (in Polish) Orthodox Diocese of Białystok and Gdańsk: Abp Jakub i Bp Grzegorz
  24. ^ Феодосий (Феодосиев). www.ortho-rus.ru (Russian Orthodoxy, archived).

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orthodox churches in Poland.
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