History of Mangalore

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The History of Mangalore dates back to the 3rd century BC and has been ruled by a number of rulers. In the era of

Portuguese in Goa and Bombay, who lost it to Shivappa Nayaka, who in turn lost it to Hyder Ali
.

Pandyan dynasty

Until

British India who had taken over by defeating Tipu Sultan in the Third Anglo-Mysore War. Mangalore which was a part of the Madras Presidency was merged into a unified Mysore State
in 1956.

Multilingual city

The Sultan Battery in Mangalore, built in 1784 by Tipu Sultan to defend the city from British warships entering the Gurupura river[1][2]

Mangalore is the heart of a distinct multilinguistic—cultural region :

Tulu-speaking People, which was nearly coterminous with the modern district of South Canara.[3]
In the third century BC, the town formed part of the
Ezhimala (the former headquarters of Mushika dynasty) near Cannanore, in the North Malabar region of Kerala.[6]
The Alupas ruled over the region as feudatories of major regional dynasties like the
Tunisian Jewish merchant Abraham Ben Yiju.[8]

Ibn Battuta

The

Sultan Shah Rukh of Samarkand, visited Mangalore, en route to the Vijayanagara court.[10]: 31  The Italian traveller, Ludovico di Varthema, who visited India in 1506 says that he witnessed nearly sixty ships laden with rice ready for sail in the port of Mangalore.[7]
: 20 

European influence

Malabar coast.[13][14][15]

Mysore Sultans

British East India Company from 1767 to 1783,[17] but was subsequently wrested from their control in 1783 by Hyder Ali's son, Tipu Sultan; who renamed it Jalalabad.[18][19] The Second Anglo–Mysore War ended with the Treaty of Mangalore, signed between Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company on 8 March 1784.[20] After the defeat of Tipu at the Fourth Anglo–Mysore War, the city remained in control of the British, headquartering the Canara district under the Madras Presidency.[21][22][23]

Ancient port

According to the

Timber.[24]

The Light House Hill tower in Light House Hill, Hampankatta, served as a watchtower for the British Navy.[25]

British period

The

Bombay, Bangalore, and the Middle East.[3]

Karnataka state

As a result of the

States Reorganisation Act (1956), Mangalore (part of the Madras Presidency until this time) was incorporated into the dominion of the newly created Mysore State (now called Karnataka).[30][31]: 415  Mangalore is the second largest city of Karnataka, and ninth largest port of India, providing the state with access to the Arabian Sea coastline.[3] Mangalore experienced significant growth in the decades 1970–80, with the opening of New Mangalore Port in 1974 and commissioning of Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited in 1976.[32][33] Today, the Mangalore region is a nationally known higher education hub with a flourishing service sector, particularly in medical services, a small but growing IT regional hub, and a booming real estate and banking industry.[3]

Historical references

The first reference to Mangalore came from

Roman historian made references of a place called Nithrias,[37] and Greek historian Ptolemy referred to Nitre. Both the references were probably to the River Netravathi. Ptolemy had also mentioned this city of Mangalore in his work as Maganoor.[38]
Roman writer Arien called Mangalore Mandegora. A 7th-century copper inscription referred to Mangalore as Mangalapura. had ruled this place from 200 to 600 A.D.
Hoysalas
.

Mythological associations

Tippu Sultan to prevent British warships from entering the Gurupura river[45]

According to

Kanva, Vysa, Vashista, Vishvamitra and others spent their days of meditation.[39]

Portuguese

The

Arabs in retaliation for Portuguese restrictions on Arab trade.[47]

Kingdom of Mysore

industrial boom during the late twentieth century

The English again captured Mangalore in 1791, but Tippu besieged it in 1793 and the English surrendered the city in 1794. With the death of Tippu Sultan and the fall of Srirangapatna during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799, the city was recaptured by the British, and it remained under British administration till India's independence in 1947.[51]

British administration

The city had a peaceful administration under

Southern Railway and later the advent of motor vehicles further increased the trade and communication with the rich hinterland. The opening of the Basel Mission in 1834 brought many industries into the city.[52]

After independence

After India's independence in 1947, Mangalore which was a part of the Madras Presidency was merged into a unified Mysore State in 1956. Thereafter, Mangalore gained a very important position in the state since it gave the erstwhile Mysore state the benefit of a coastline. The late twentieth century witnessed Mangalore develop as a business and commercial centre. In spite of this, Mangalore still retained its old world charm such as tile-roofed buildings amidst coconut groves, fishing boats silhouetted against the darkening skyline. The present day city bustles with great activity in the upcoming IT Sector and the prognosis of a prosperity in this international trade looms.[53]

References

  1. ^ "Worst-Case Scenario". The Times of India. 30 November 2006. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
  2. ^ Kunal Bhatia (26 February 2008). "Mangalore: Of cultural institutions, tiles and religious spots". Mumbai Mirror. Archived from the original on 21 November 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-1-118-29584-7
    .
  4. ^ Fedrick Sunil Kumar N.I (2006). "Chapter 6 : The Basel Mission in South Canara" (PDF). The basel mission and social change-Malabar and south canara a case study (1830–1956)" (PhD). University of Calicut.
  5. ^ K. Puttaswamaiah (1980). Economic Development of Karnataka: A Treatise in Continuity and Change. Oxford & IBH. p. 33.
  6. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 483.
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-81-7099-586-9
    .
  8. ^ Ghosh 2002, p. 189
  9. ^ Lee 1829, Perils and detours in Malabar
  10. ^ a b A. Wahab Doddamane (1993). Muslims in Dakshina Kannada: A Historical Study up to 1947 and Survey of Recent Developments. Green Words Publication.
  11. ^ Kamath, J. (16 September 2002). "Where rocks tell a tale". The Hindu Business Line. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
  12. ^ Muthanna, I. M. (1977). Karnataka, History, Administration & Culture. Lotus Printers. p. 235.
  13. ^ A. Sreedhara Menon. Kerala History and its Makers. D C Books (2011)
  14. ^ A G Noorani. Islam in Kerala. Books [1]
  15. ^ Roland E. Miller. Mappila Muslim Culture SUNY Press, 2015
  16. ^ South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 62
  17. ^ Thornton 1859, p. 114
  18. ^ Thornton 1859, p. 170
  19. ^ Lal 2002, p. 22
  20. ^ Forrest 1887, pp. 314–316
  21. ^ Raghuram, M. (18 July 2007). "Mangaluru: it has come a long way". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
  22. ^ Townsend 1867, p. 628
  23. ^ Riddick 2006, p. 28
  24. ^ a b Prabhu 1999, p. 152
  25. ^ Raghuram, M. (18 June 2005). "Feeling on top of the world". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  26. ^
    ISBN 978-81-7099-820-4
    .
  27. ^ Farias, Kranti K. (1999). The Christian Impact on South Kanara. Church History Association of India.
  28. ^ Monteiro, John B (8 January 2014). "Last of Italian Jesuits in Mangalore dies in his homeland". Daijiworld Media. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  29. ^ "Mangalore was once the starting point of India's longest rail route". The Hindu. 29 October 2007. Archived from the original on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  30. ^ "States Reorganisation Act 1956". Commonwealth Legal Information Institute. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
  31. ^ South Kanara District Gazetteer. Karnataka State Gazetteer. Vol. 12. Gazetteer Department (Government of Karnataka). 1973.
  32. ISBN 978-81-85195-33-9
    .
  33. ^ Sharma, Ravi. "Industrial leap". Frontline. 24 (19 ( 22 Sep.-Oct. 05, 2007)).
  34. ^ "New names invoke a hoary past". The Times of India. 19 October 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  35. ^ "Chapter 16 – the Kingdoms of the South".
  36. ^ "Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography (1897) pp. 358–373. Book 11". The Tertullian Project. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
  37. ^ "Kodungallur – The Cradle of Christianity in India". Indian Christianity.com. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
  38. ^ Viswa. "My Research into Lost Civilization of Tulu". Tulu Research Institute for Esoteric Physics. Retrieved 20 March 2007.
  39. ^ a b c "Mangalore-Brief History". Mangalore City Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 March 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  40. ^ "The Kadambas of Banavasi". OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  41. ^ "Alupa Dynasty". india9.com.
  42. ^ "A Quick Guide to the World History of Globalization". School of Arts & Sciences – University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
  43. ^ Mr. Arthikaje. "Karnataka History". OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  44. ^ Vinay Pais. "Copper Inscriptions of Vijayanagar Empire Found in Barkur". Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  45. ^ "Sultan Battery – built by Tippu Sultan was known as Sultan's Battery". MangaloreMithr.com. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  46. ^ "St. Mary's Island Beach". BharatOnline.com. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
  47. ^ "Mangalore". BookRags. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  48. ^ "Tipu Sultan". Renaissance.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
  49. ^ "Treaty of Mangalore between Tipu Sultan and the East India Company, 11 March 1784". Project South Asia. Archived from the original on 21 June 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  50. ^ "Second Anglo – Mysore War (1780–1784)". Sify Ltd. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  51. ^ "1799: Fourth Anglo-Mysore War". Sify Ltd. Archived from the original on 12 August 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  52. ^ John B. Monteiro. "Mangalore: Comtrust Carries on Basel's Mission". Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2008.
  53. ^ "Mangalore". Ukisoft, Corp. Archived from the original on 17 April 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2008.

Works cited

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