Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago

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Portuguese rule in Insulindia[a]
c. 1522–1605
Flag of Portuguese rule in the Indonesian archipelago
Flag
Coat of Arms of Portuguese rule in the Indonesian archipelago
Coat of Arms
Map of the Portuguese empire in the East Indies (including the Indonesian Archipelago), Atlas Miller.
Map of the Portuguese empire in the East Indies (including the Indonesian Archipelago), Atlas Miller.
StatusSettlement and possessions of the Portuguese Empire
Capital
Common languagesPortuguese, Malay, Ternate, Tidore, Other indigenous language.
GovernmentMonarchy
Monarch 
• 1522–1557
John III
• 1598–1605
Philip II
Captain-General 
• 1522–1525 (first)
Antonio de Brito
• 1602–1605 (last)
Pedro Alvares de Abreu
Historical eraEarly modern
• Established
c. 1522
22 April 1529
22 February 1605
 Succeeded by
Dutch East India Company
Portuguese colonization era
1512–1605
Alfonso de Albuquerque
António de Abreu
Francisco Serrão
Key eventsAge of Discovery
Chronology
Era of Islam
Dutch East India Company
Portuguese Timor

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a colonial presence in the Indonesian Archipelago. Their quest to dominate the source of the spices that sustained the lucrative spice trade in the early 16th century, along with missionary efforts by Roman Catholic orders, saw the establishment of trading posts and forts, and left behind a Portuguese cultural element that remains in modern-day Indonesia.

Establishment

Spice Islands
.

Europeans were making technological advances in the early 16th century; new-found Portuguese expertise in navigation, shipbuilding and weaponry allowed them to make daring expeditions of exploration and expansion. Starting with the first exploratory expeditions sent from newly conquered

Spice Islands, including Ternate, Ambon, and Solor
.

The height of Portuguese missionary activities, however, came in the latter half of the 16th century, after the pace of their military conquest in the archipelago had stopped and their East Asian interest was shifting to Portuguese India, Portuguese Ceylon, Japan, Macau and China; and sugar in Brazil and the Atlantic slave trade in turn further distracted their efforts in the East Indies. In addition, the first European people to arrive in Northern Sulawesi were the Portuguese.

Francisco Xavier supported and visited the Portuguese mission at Tolo on Halmahera. This was the first Catholic mission in the Moluccas. The mission began in 1534 when some chiefs from Morotai came to Ternate asking to be baptised. Simão Vaz, the vicar of Ternate, went to Tolo to found the mission. The mission was the source of conflict between the Spanish, the Portuguese and Ternate. Simão Vaz was later murdered at Sao.[3][4]

Decline and legacy

The Portuguese presence in the East Indies was reduced to

Ambonese.[7]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 0-333-57689-6
    .
  2. ^ Sumber-sumber asli sejarah Jakarta, Jilid I: Dokumen-dokumen sejarah Jakarta sampai dengan akhir abad ke-16. Cipta Loka Caraka. 1999.;Zahorka, Herwig (2007). The Sunda Kingdoms of West Java, From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with Royal Center of Bogor, Over 1000 Years of Prosperity and Glory. Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka.
  3. ^ Vaz, Simon. Halmahera dan Raja Ampat sebagai kesatuan majemuk: studi-studi terhadap. p. 279.
  4. ^ Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times: Indonesia and India, 1545-1549. Xaviers mission. p. 179.
  5. ^ "A comunidade de Tugu" (in Portuguese). Instituto Camões. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  6. ISBN 967-65-3099-9
    .
  7. ^ Ricklefs (1991), pp. 22 to 26
  1. ^ The term Indonesia did not yet exist
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