2011 Groundhog Day blizzard
Category 5 "Extreme" ( NOAA: 21.99) | |
on the afternoon of February 1 | |
Type | Extratropical cyclone Blizzard Ice storm Winter storm Tornado outbreak |
---|---|
Formed | January 31, 2011 |
Dissipated | February 3, 2011 |
Lowest pressure | 996 mb (29.41 inHg) |
Tornadoes confirmed | 3 |
Max. rating1 | EF1 tornado |
Maximum snowfall or ice accretion | 27.0 in (69 cm) snowfall – reported in Antioch, Illinois[1] 1.0 in (2.5 cm) ice accretion – reported in Cashtown, Pennsylvania |
Fatalities | at least 36 fatalities |
Damage | $1.8 billion (USD) |
Part of the 2010–11 North American winter 1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale |
The 2011 Groundhog Day blizzard
An
]Meteorological synopsis
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2016) |
A
Areas affected
Canada
Nova Scotia
Because the storm dumped some 40 centimetres (16 in) of snow in parts of
New Brunswick
Numerous school, bus and flight cancellations occurred in the province in preparation for the biggest winter storm during the winter of 2010–2011.[37] A barn roof collapsed during the storm in the community of Baie Verte.[38]
Ontario
The storm dropped 20–30 centimetres of snow over Southern Ontario.[39] Hamilton saw more than 25 centimetres due to an intense Lake Effect band from the west end of Lake Ontario caused by an enhanced wind from the east-northeast, Toronto was spared more than was forecasted with 15 centimetres and a winter storm warning in effect. Areas from the Lake Huron shoreline east to London and Hamilton were under a blizzard warning. There were reports of thundersnow in Windsor, Ontario, when the storm began to hit the region Tuesday night on February 1; the city and nearby Chatham-Kent[40] also declared a snow emergency, effectively enacting a parking ban to ease snowplow efforts, due to forecasted snow totals of 30+ centimetres, and the snow clean-up in the city is likely to cost $700,000 CAD, about 1.5 times more than normal.[41] The Toronto District School Board and Toronto Catholic District School Board closed all schools for the first time since the Blizzard of 1999, a controversial decision given the less than anticipated outcome and snowfall totals resulting from the storm.[42] Schools were also closed in the Windsor area and elsewhere.[43]
Quebec
A traffic pile-up stretching three kilometres near Montreal, Quebec involving a school bus and many other vehicles sent 29 people to hospital for injuries.[44][45] All schools in the Eastern Townships School Board near Sherbrooke were closed.[46]
Newfoundland
Wind speeds exceeding 50 km/h (31 mph) hit areas near Clarenville and Bonavista, while schools in eastern parts of St. John's were closed.[36]
Mexico
Chihuahua
Northern Mexico suffered widespread infrastructure damage from the storm, and several weather-related deaths.[47] In Chihuahua City, the temperature dropped to −18 °C (−1 °F) [48] in Ciudad Juárez, which lies just across the border from El Paso, Texas, in the Mexican state of Chihuahua, a regional state of emergency was declared Tuesday evening, just ahead of the cold weather system, with Mexican authorities urging citizens to stay indoors. Despite the snow and ice that developed across the borderland, the major International Bridges remained open during the blizzard. Additionally, to help ease the electricity crash across Texas due to the freezing weather, Mexican officials arranged for the transfer of 280 megawatts of power to the United States via utility hookups located in Nuevo Laredo (across from Laredo, Texas) and Piedras Negras, Coahuila (near Eagle Pass, Texas).[49][50] The cold wave behind the storm's cold front left temperatures plunging to −18 °C (0 °F) in the Ciudad Juárez metropolitan area, and in the mountains area plunging to −23 °C (−9 °F), resulting in the deaths of at least six people in the coldest temperatures recorded in the area in at least half a century.[51] In addition, 35 animals died at a zoo,[52] and closures of schools and factories occurred in the city.[53]
On Wednesday, authorities in Juárez announced that convoys would be traveling out to remote regions and slum areas to ensure that citizens are warm and have the supplies they need to get through the next few days. On Thursday, Mexican officials suspended energy exports to Texas, citing cold weather damage at five power stations across Mexico that resulted in a total loss of 1,000 megawatts of electricity in Northern Mexico. Power stations in Mexico were able to meet the resulting energy demands in Northern Mexico, but could not spare additional electricity to aid Texas.[49] In Juarez, overnight temperatures in the single digits left 90% of the city without water service due to frozen pipes, and the failure of thermoelectric generators at a power station in Samalayuca, 30 miles south of Juarez, left citizens without power for roughly five hours.[54]
Nuevo León
In Monterrey, Nuevo León's capital city, the cold air killed many trees and other types of tropical plants. Snow was observed in the high peaks in the mountains and the fountain in the main Alameda park got frozen overnight.
United States
Connecticut
Illinois
In
On February 1, the
In the central part of the state, numerous municipalities were all but shut down by the storm. On Monday, residents rushed to the stores to stock up on groceries, and numerous stores reported record sales.
11 snow-related deaths had been reported in Illinois by February 3. The body of an individual was recovered from Lake Michigan by Chicago Police. The pedestrian had reportedly been walking on a lake-front pathway when he had been blown into the lake by strong winds. In Grayslake, a man was killed in a crash while driving through the storm, while a woman in Mundelein died from hypothermia in her vehicle. A man in Chicago was also found dead in his home, which had no heat. In Barrington, a teacher died of a heart attack while leaving school on Tuesday. Five cardiac-related deaths from shoveling snow occurred in Lyons, Downers Grove, Mount Prospect, Carol Stream, and Glendale Heights.[23][24] In rural LaSalle County, a man died while trying to walk through the storm after his vehicle was stranded on a rural road.[26]
21.2 inches (54 cm) of snow fell at Chicago-O'Hare International Airport, making this the third largest total snowfall in Chicago history,
Additional official snowfall totals included 20.9 inches (53 cm) at Chicago-Midway International Airport, 16.4 inches at the National Weather Service office in Romeoville, and 14.3 inches (36 cm) at Chicago Rockford International Airport.[81] The storm's highest total of 27 inches (69 cm) was reported in northwest suburban Roselle and Medinah, Illinois.[1] Peak gusts during the blizzard included 61 miles per hour (98 km/h) at O'Hare and 67 miles per hour (108 km/h) along the lakefront.[68]
Indiana
Near
Iowa
Southeastern Iowa saw up to 18.5 inches (47 cm) of snow. The heaviest snow fell in the eastern half of the state. Des Moines fared slightly better, where only 6.5 inches (17 cm) fell. Some roads remained closed on Wednesday night, and over the course of the storm, state troopers responded to 151 accidents and assisted 428 motorists.[83]
Kansas
In Kansas, 53 counties were declared disaster areas. Especially hard hit were eastern sections of the state, which saw over a foot of snow and whiteout conditions. Government offices and the state legislature were closed on Wednesday, but expected to reopen on Thursday. At least two deaths were blamed on the storm.[30][84]
Maryland
Baltimore received freezing rain during the day on February 1, which changed to rain as temperatures rose on February 2, and the overall icing in that region was less than expected.[85]
Michigan
A 73-year-old
Missouri
In Missouri, a state of emergency was declared by Governor Jay Nixon, who activated the Missouri National Guard.[88] On February 1, Interstate 70, which runs east–west from St. Louis to Kansas City, the entire width of Missouri, was closed by the Missouri Department of Transportation due to white-out conditions and increasing snowfall. It was the first time in Missouri history that any interstate was closed across the entire state.[citation needed]
Kansas City was under a blizzard warning for only the 2nd time since 1980, and only the 3rd time in its entire history. Columbia experienced the town's first blizzard warning with this storm in their history.[citation needed]
Many local school districts canceled classes, the University of Missouri shut down for an unprecedented three successive days. The University of Central Missouri in Warrensburg, Missouri (which received 23 inches of snow, which in turn broke the all-time record for the town for snowfall in one day) was closed an unprecedented three days as well. A scheduled St. Louis Blues hockey game on February 1 was postponed until the 22nd. Areas of Missouri also reported significant sleet accumulation. In St. Louis, some MetroLink service was suspended due to ice on the rails. Several malls were closed due to ice in the parking lots. One person in central Missouri was killed during the storm.[89]
New Jersey
In New Jersey, snow, rain and ice were all problems. In central New Jersey Ice storm warnings were put into effect.[90] In portions of northern New Jersey, the forecast called for 12 inches (30 cm) of snow and over 1 inch (2.5 cm) of ice. The roads were slippery and it was hard for cars to maneuver on the roadways.[citation needed]
New Mexico
Up to 24 inches (61 cm) of snow fell in the Sangre de Cristo, and the Central Mountain Chain of New Mexico, while up to 6 inches fell in the Albuquerque Metro Area. The heaviest snowfall totals were 23 inches (58 cm) at the Santa Fe Ski Area.[91] A 180 mi (290 km) stretch of Interstate 25 was closed between Las Cruces and Belen due to strong winds and blowing snow.[92] On Thursday evening, Governor Susana Martinez declared a state of emergency across southern New Mexico, due to the steadily decreasing natural gas supply brought about by the catastrophic failure of the El Paso Electric Company's power grid.[citation needed] All-time record cold temperatures were tied or broken in Santa Fe and Ruidoso after the storm.[93]
New York
New York City received almost an inch of ice from freezing rain during the night of 1–2 February, causing public transportation on both bus routes and the Long Island Rail Road to be either delayed or shut down entirely.[94] One Long Island resident was killed by a fire sparked by cooking fuel during the storm.[95]
Ohio
Ohio was on the warm sector of the low-pressure system. On the night of January 31 – February 1, the Cleveland and Akron area received a Winter Storm Warning from the NWS Cleveland Field Office for snow and freezing rain. On Monday night 3–6 inches (7.6–15.2 cm) of snow fell during the pre-frontal warm front. During the overnight hours of February 1–2, as the center of low pressure moved from Missouri to lower Indiana, it carried a warm front, with warm air advection and a shallow cold air pool at the bottom. This led to freezing rain in parts of Northeast Ohio. In Canton ice accretion ranged from 0.5 to 0.75 inches (1.3 to 1.9 cm), which led to power lines and trees crashing, leaving almost 40,000 people without power. In the Greater Cleveland area, there was 0.1 inch of ice accretion and scattered outages in the Cleveland suburbs of North Royalton, where 2,000 people lost power, and also in parts of Garfield Heights and Maple Heights. Scattered outages were reported in other parts of the area.[citation needed]
In the Dayton area, an Ohio Highway Trooper and his wife died from carbon monoxide poisoning from a running generator that built up gas in their home after the home lost power.[33]
Oklahoma
The heavy snowfall, along with sleet and some freezing rain, began developing over
Most school districts in the state including the
Will Rogers World Airport recorded an estimated 11.6 inches (29 cm) of snow, smashing the all-time daily snowfall record for February for Oklahoma City (the previous record was 6.5 inches (17 cm) on February 7, 1986).
The storm system has caused at least three deaths in Oklahoma, one in a sledding accident and two in an auto crash. On February 1, a 20-year-old Oklahoma City woman died due to injuries suffered in a sledding accident near Lake Stanley Draper, in which the sled being pulled by a vehicle veered off the road, flinging the woman into a guardrail; she was pronounced dead at the scene.[27] Two days later as slick road conditions continued across parts of the state, a truck carrying eight people ran off of a bridge and fell into the Spring River (which had been covered in ice), on I-44 in Ottawa County near Miami, killing two people; one of two westbound lanes of I-44 was reopened to traffic the previous evening after blizzard conditions made it impassible.[32]
Pennsylvania
In portions of Pennsylvania north of Philadelphia, ice storm warnings were put into effect. [111] The storm dropped several inches of sleet and snow in the Poconos and included a long period of freezing rain that produced ice accretions of up to half an inch in the Lehigh Valley and the Philadelphia suburbs. The ice tore down numerous tree limbs, trees, and subsequently, power lines.
Snowfall amounts
Precipitation started as snow across the region during the early morning of the 1st. As warmer air moved in aloft, the precipitation changed to sleet and freezing rain by the morning rush in the local Philadelphia area, a mixture of sleet and freezing rain by the end of the morning commute in Berks County and the Lehigh Valley and a wintry mix late in the morning in the Poconos. Precipitation tapered off to mainly freezing drizzle during the afternoon and early evening of the 1st. Heavier precipitation moved in again during the evening of the 1st and fell as freezing rain in the Philadelphia suburbs, a mixture of sleet and freezing rain in Berks County and the Lehigh Valley and mainly a snow and sleet mixture in the Poconos. Overnight colder air moved in aloft in over the Poconos and precipitation changed back to all snow for a few hours. Toward sunrise on the 2nd, this process started to reverse at both the surface and aloft. Warmer air was moving north again and the freezing rain changed to plain rain across the Philadelphia suburbs and Berks County around 8 a.m. EST and the Lehigh Valley around 9 a.m. EST. In the Poconos, precipitation changed to freezing rain around 7 a.m. EST and ended as freezing rain around 11 a.m. EST on the 2nd. Representative snow and sleet accumulations included 5.4 inches (14 cm) in Tobyhanna (Monroe County), 5 inches (13 cm) in Pocono Summit (Monroe County), 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) in Delaware Water Gap (Monroe County), 2.1 inches (5.3 cm) at the Lehigh Valley International Airport, 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in Albrightsville (Carbon County) and 1 inch (2.5 cm) in Easton and Martins Creek (Northampton County). Representative ice accretions included 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) in Glenmoore (Chester County), Spring Mount (Montgomery County) and Emmaus (Lehigh County), 0.4 inches (1.0 cm) in East Nantmeal (Chester County) and Lansdale (Montgomery County), 0.38 inches (1.0 cm) in Kutztown (Berks County) and Allentown (Lehigh County), 0.33 inches (0.8 cm) in Feasterville (Bucks County) and 0.25 inches (0.6 cm) in Bangor (Northampton County).
Power outages
Many trees still had snow on them from the winter storm of the previous week to exacerbate the damage. Nearly 300,000 power outages occurred. PECO Energy reported about 185,000 of its southeastern Pennsylvania customers lost power. Power was not completely restored to the last few until the afternoon of the 6th. Pennsylvania Power and Light reported about 79,000 of their customers lost power in Eastern and Central Pennsylvania; while Metropolitan Edison reported around 14,000 of its customers lost power in Berks County. Numerous schools cancelled classes on both the 1st and 2nd. Recycling and garbage pick-ups were delayed. This winter storm added additional strains to snow removal budgets and tight salt supplies. Reading, Hamburg, Boyertown, Birdsboro, Barto, Bechtelsville and Douglassville all suffered power outages. In Bucks County, downed wires in Milford caused a basement fire in one home on Sleepy Hollow Road. In Montgomery County, the worst reported tree and ice damage occurred in Lansdale and Hatfield. A utility pole fire in Pottstown knocked out power to the borough's water treatment plant. There were over 100 reports of downed wires throughout Northampton County.
Travel
In Northampton and Lehigh County, numerous crashes occurred on U.S. Route 22, Pennsylvania State Route 33 and Interstate 78. On Interstate 78, a driver swerved to avoid hitting a plow truck and was injured. In Bethlehem, a driver was injured after his vehicle rolled over on Schoenersville Road. Also in Bethlehem, a 100-foot section of a porch roof collapsed on the evening of the 2nd on Glendale Avenue from the weight of ice and snow. Three vehicles were damaged. In Berks County, Pennsylvania State Routes 345 (near Birdsboro) and 625 (south of Reading) were closed. In Chester County, there were several slip and fall injuries reported, mainly on the 1st. Just east of Exton, Northbound U.S. Route 202 was closed between Pennsylvania State Routes 30 and 401 because of an accident with injuries on the 2nd. Two roadways were closed because of downed trees and wires in North Coventry Township. One roadway was also closed in West Vincent Township.
Texas
In Texas the storm caused widespread disruption of road and air traffic, including flights into and out of
Throughout the
The storm caused a failure at a
In El Paso, Texas, the storm left major roadways slippery with ice and snow, and the abrupt demands placed on El Paso's utility services resulted in sporadic reports of loss of water and natural gas capability. Freezing temperatures, including the coldest high temperature on record in the city,[116] resulted in the total failure of both of the city's natural gas power plants, resulting in rolling blackouts across the city.[117] The loss of power had a ripple effect across the region, as the power failure left water and gas utilities without the power needed to operate pumps to move the water and natural gas to customers. This resulted in the complete cancellation of activities at all area independent school districts and institutions of higher education on Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and the following Monday. In total, nearly 200,000 El Paso Electric customers went without power at some point as a result of the storm, while 1,200 Texas Gas Service customers went without gas. Over 157 water main breaks due to cold temperatures were reported to the El Paso Water Utilities, which when combined with the frozen water pumping equipment and abnormally high demand for water left El Paso water reservoirs dangerously low. Stage 2 mandatory water restrictions, which permit the use of water for drinking only, were implemented Monday night as the water utility worked to raise the water levels in the reservoirs, and on Wednesday the water restrictions were lifted. That same Wednesday it was announced that federal and state officials would conduct an investigation into El Paso Electric as a result of the spectacular failure of the utility during the blizzard.[citation needed]
Wisconsin
In Wisconsin, Governor Scott Walker declared a state of emergency in 29 Wisconsin counties due to the snowstorm, and deployed 75 Wisconsin National Guard soldiers.[118] Early on February 2, the state's emergency management agency issued a Civil Danger Warning warning drivers completely off the roads at the risk of being stranded due to dangerous conditions forcing county plows, law enforcement and salters off the roads,[119][120] a declaration distributed via NOAA Weather Radio's Emergency Alert System and local media outlets, and otherwise only issued for other major events such as terrorist attacks and water contamination emergencies.[121] The same warning was issued hours later completely disallowing travel within Lake County, Illinois.[122] Interstate 94 and Interstate 43 south of Milwaukee to the state line were both closed for a time due to dangerous conditions and many stranded vehicles.
Nearly all government buildings, schools, and public facilities were closed for February 2, 2011 in the southeastern region of the state, including Milwaukee, Waukesha, Racine, Kenosha, Sheboygan, and Madison, with Racine and Kenosha receiving the largest amount of snow, just shy of 24 inches.[123] Three people died of cardiac-related illnesses while clearing snow in Milwaukee.[29]
Non-winter weather events
High winds
Strong
Flash freeze
Parts of Texas and
Storm surge
Localized flooding occurred in northeastern Illinois, near the coast of Lake Michigan where strong winds brought
Severe thunderstorms and tornadoes
Impact
Preparations
Local governments ahead of the storm prepared residents on procedures to follow during the storm. This included parking and driving restrictions and preparation of road clearing equipment. Street clearing crews applied chemicals to the roadways to pre-melt ice and snow and checked equipment prior to the event.[126]
States of emergency
A state of emergency was declared in several American states, including Illinois,[80] Oklahoma, and Missouri.[127]
Airport traffic
At least 6,400 flight cancellations occurred across North America before the storm.[128][129][130][131][132][133][134] Impact was severe at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport, as over 1,100 flights were canceled there. A less severe but still a major impact was at Toronto Pearson International Airport in Toronto where about 300 of its 1,400 daily flights were canceled.[135]
By the end of February 2, at least 13,000 individual flight cancellations had taken place across North America.[136]
Power outages
Many local and widespread power outages affected locations along the storm track, including in Illinois,[78] Ohio,[137][138][139] Oklahoma,[140] New Mexico,[141] Indiana,[142] Texas,[143] Colorado[144] and Kentucky.[139]
Impact on Super Bowl XLV
The storm affected the
Gallery
-
Abandoned CTA bus on Lake Shore Drive
-
Fullerton Ave. and Clark St. blocked by theChicago Policeduring the storm
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Cars buried in the Bridgeport neighborhood on Chicago's South Side
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Truck driving through a snowstorm on Main Street in Kansas City, Missouri
See also
- January 25–27, 2011 North American blizzard — the blizzard immediately prior, which also affected the Northeast and Canada
- Chicago Blizzard of 1967
- Chicago Blizzard of 1979
- 1993 Storm of the Century
- North American blizzard of 1999
- February 2007 North America Winter Storm
- 2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak
- December 2010 North American blizzard
- January 2016 United States blizzard
- January 31 – February 2, 2015 North American blizzard
- February 2016 North American winter storm
- January 31 – February 3, 2021 nor'easter
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{{cite web}}
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External links
- National Weather Service web pages:
- February 1-2, 2011 Blizzard Summary — details and weather charts
- Extreme Weather 2011: Groundhog Day blizzard — short summary
- Accuweather.com 2011 Winter Weather Center
- Weather Underground: Great Blizzard pounding Chicago; extremely dangerous Cyclone Yasi nears Australia