The three-hour Battle of Black Jack, fought on June 2, 1856, marked a culmination of escalating violence in "Bleeding Kansas" and the beginning of John Brown's war on slavery, which would culminate in his raid on Harpers Ferry three years later.[4]
This archeological district consists of more than 20 sites, mostly associated with the Dismal River/Plains Apache culture, dating from c CE 1650 to 1750. The principal site is a puebloruin thought to have been built by Taos Indians who sought refuge with the Apache during times of trouble with the Spanish. It is the northeasternmost example of a pueblo in the country. The site also illustrates Spanish explorations in the Great Plains that predates those of the United States.
From 1860 until 1878, this was the most important fort guarding the northern portion of the Santa Fe Trail. Abandoned, the fort became private property and the center of a large ranching operation. It has been restored to the 1860s period to serve as one of the nation's best-preserved mid-19th century western military posts, consisting of one-storystonebuildings are arranged around a quadrangle.
Built by Gerat H. Hollenberg in 1858, this cabin was associated with the Oregon and California Trails, the Pony Express, and the Butterfield Overland Mail. Hollenberg traded with emigrants on the trails, operated the westernmost Pony Express station in Kansas, and provided relay services for the Overland Mail. The building has never been moved and retains its original dimensions.
homestead land, the town of Nicodemus was officially founded on September 17, 1877. It is the only remaining town of the "Exoduster" movement, which was organized mainly through the efforts of Benjamin "Pap" Singleton
, who was responsible for founding 11 colonies in Kansas between 1873 and 1880.
^Numbers represent an alphabetical ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate National Historic Landmarks and historic districts from other NRHP buildings, structures, sites or objects.
^The eight-digit number below each date is the number assigned to each location in the National Register Information System database, which can be viewed by clicking the number.