Neil Young
Neil Young | |
---|---|
Born | Neil Percival Young November 12, 1945 Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
Nationality |
|
Other names | Bernard Shakey |
Occupations |
|
Years active | 1963–present |
Works | Full list |
Spouses | Susan Acevedo
(m. 1968; div. 1970) |
Partner | The Stills-Young Band |
Website | neilyoungarchives |
Neil Percival Young
Young's guitar work, deeply personal lyrics[4][5][6] and signature high tenor singing voice[7][8] define his long career. He also plays piano and harmonica on many albums, which frequently combine folk, rock, country and other musical genres. His often distorted electric guitar playing, especially with Crazy Horse, earned him the nickname "Godfather of Grunge"[9] and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam. More recently he has been backed by Promise of the Real.[10]
Young directed (or co-directed) films using the pseudonym "Bernard Shakey", including Journey Through the Past (1973), Rust Never Sleeps (1979), Human Highway (1982), Greendale (2003), CSNY/Déjà Vu (2008), and Harvest Time (2022). He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia (1993) and Dead Man (1995).
Young has received several
Early life (1945–1963)
Neil Young[14] was born on November 12, 1945, in Toronto.[15][16] His father, Scott Alexander Young (1918–2005), was a journalist and sportswriter who also wrote fiction.[17] His mother, Edna Blow Ragland "Rassy" Young (1918–1990) was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution.[18] Although Canadian, his mother had American and French ancestry.[19] Young's parents married in 1940 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and moved to Toronto shortly thereafter where their first son, Robert "Bob" Young, was born in 1942.
Shortly after Young's birth in 1945, the family moved to rural Omemee, Ontario, which Young later described fondly as a "sleepy little place".[20] Young contracted polio in the late summer of 1951 during the last major outbreak of the disease in Ontario, and as a result, became partially paralyzed on his left side.[21] After the conclusion of his hospitalization, the Young family wintered in Florida, whose milder weather they believed would help Neil's convalescence.[22] During that period, Young briefly attended Faulkner Elementary School in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. In 1952, upon returning to Canada, Young moved from Omemee to Pickering (1956), and lived for a year in Winnipeg (where he would later return), before relocating to Toronto (1957–1960). While in Toronto, Young briefly attended Lawrence Park Collegiate Institute as a first-year student in 1959.[23] It is rumoured that he was expelled for riding a motorcycle down the hall of the school.[24]
Young became interested in popular music he heard on the radio.[25] When Young was twelve, his father, who had had several extramarital affairs, left his mother. She asked for a divorce, which was granted in 1960.[26] She moved back to Winnipeg and Young went to live with her there, while his brother Bob stayed with their father in Toronto.[27]
During the mid-1950s, Young listened to
Career
Early career (1963–1966)
Young and his mother settled into the working-class area of
After leaving the Squires, Young worked folk clubs in Winnipeg, where he first met Joni Mitchell.[38] Mitchell recalls Young as having been highly influenced by Bob Dylan at the time.[39] Young said Phil Ochs was "a big influence on me," telling a radio station in 1969 that Ochs was "on the same level with Dylan in my eyes."[40] Here he wrote some of his earliest and most enduring folk songs such as "Sugar Mountain", about lost youth. Mitchell wrote "The Circle Game" in response.[41] The Winnipeg band The Guess Who (with Randy Bachman as lead guitarist) had a Canadian Top 40 hit with Young's "Flying on the Ground is Wrong", which was Young's first major success as a songwriter.[42]
In 1965, Young toured Canada as a solo artist. In 1966, while in Toronto, he joined the
Buffalo Springfield (1966–1968)
Once they reached Los Angeles, Young and Palmer met up with Stephen Stills and Richie Furay after a chance encounter in traffic on Sunset Boulevard.[44] Along with Dewey Martin, they formed Buffalo Springfield. A mixture of folk, country, psychedelia, and rock, lent a hard edge by the twin lead guitars of Stills and Young, made Buffalo Springfield a critical success, and their first record Buffalo Springfield (1966) sold well after Stills' topical song "For What It's Worth" became a hit, aided by Young's melodic harmonics played on electric guitar. According to Rolling Stone, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and other sources, Buffalo Springfield helped create the genres of folk rock and country rock.[46][47]
Distrust of their management, as well as the arrest and deportation of Palmer, worsened the already strained relations among the group members and led to Buffalo Springfield's demise. A second album, Buffalo Springfield Again, was released in late 1967, but two of Young's three contributions were solo tracks recorded apart from the rest of the group. From that album, "Mr. Soul" was the only Young song of the three that all five members of the group performed together.[citation needed]
In May 1968, the band split up for good, but to fulfill a contractual obligation, a final studio album, Last Time Around, was released. Young contributed the songs "On the Way Home" and "I Am a Child", singing lead on the latter.[citation needed]
In 1997, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; Young did not appear at the ceremony, writing in a letter to the Hall that their presentation, which was aired on VH1, "has nothing to do with the spirit of Rock and Roll. It has everything to do with making money."[48]
Young played as a studio session guitarist for some 1968 recordings by The Monkees which appeared on the Head and Instant Replay albums.[49]
Going solo, Crazy Horse (1968–1969)
After the breakup of Buffalo Springfield, Young signed a solo deal with Reprise Records, home of his colleague and friend Joni Mitchell, with whom he shared a manager, Elliot Roberts. Roberts managed Young until Roberts' death in 2019. Young and Roberts immediately began work on Young's first solo record, Neil Young (January 22, 1969),[50] which received mixed reviews. In a 1970 interview,[51] Young deprecated the album as being "overdubbed rather than played."
For his next album, Young recruited three musicians from a band called the Rockets: Danny Whitten on guitar, Billy Talbot on bass guitar, and Ralph Molina on drums. These three took the name Crazy Horse (after the historical figure of the same name), and Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere (May 1969) is credited to "Neil Young with Crazy Horse". Recorded in just two weeks, the album includes "Cinnamon Girl", "Cowgirl in the Sand", and "Down by the River". Young reportedly wrote all three songs in bed on the same day while nursing a high fever of 39 °C (102 °F).[52]
Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young (1969–1970)
Shortly after the release of Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, Young reunited with Stephen Stills by joining
Young wrote "
After the Gold Rush, acoustic tour and Harvest (1970–1972)
Later in the year, Young released his third solo album,
In the autumn of 1970, Young began a solo acoustic tour of North America, during which he played a variety of his Buffalo Springfield and CSNY songs on guitar and piano, along with material from his solo albums and several new songs. Some songs premiered by Young on the tour, like "Journey through the Past", would never find a home on a studio album, while other songs, like "See the Sky About to Rain", would only be released in coming years. Many gigs were sold out, including concerts at Carnegie Hall and a pair of acclaimed hometown shows at Toronto's Massey Hall, which were taped for a planned live album. The shows became legendary among Young fans, and the recordings were officially released nearly 40 years later as an official bootleg in Young's Archive series.[citation needed]
Near the end of his tour, Young performed one of the new acoustic songs on the
After his success with CSNY, Young purchased a ranch in the rural hills above Woodside and Redwood City in Northern California ("Broken Arrow Ranch", where he lived until his divorce in 2014).[61] He wrote the song "Old Man" in honor of the land's longtime caretaker, Louis Avila. The song "A Man Needs a Maid" was inspired by his relationship with actress Carrie Snodgress. "Heart of Gold" was released as the first single from Harvest, the only No. 1 hit in his career.[62] "Old Man" was also popular, reaching No. 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, marking Young's third and final appearance in the chart's Top 40 as a solo artist.[62]
The album's recording had been almost accidental. Its mainstream success caught Young off guard, and his first instinct was to back away from stardom. In the Decade (1977) compilation, Young chose to include his greatest hits from the period, but his handwritten liner notes famously described "Heart of Gold" as the song that "put me in the middle of the road. Traveling there soon became a bore, so I headed for the ditch. A rougher ride but I saw more interesting people there."[63]
The "Ditch" Trilogy and personal struggles (1972–1974)
Although a new tour with The Stray Gators (now augmented by Danny Whitten) had been planned to follow up on the success of Harvest, it became apparent during rehearsals that Whitten could not function due to drug abuse. On November 18, 1972, shortly after he was fired from the tour preparations, Whitten was found dead of an apparent alcohol/diazepam overdose. Young described the incident to Rolling Stone's Cameron Crowe in 1975: "[We] were rehearsing with him and he just couldn't cut it. He couldn't remember anything. He was too out of it. Too far gone. I had to tell him to go back to L.A. 'It's not happening, man. You're not together enough.' He just said, 'I've got nowhere else to go, man. How am I gonna tell my friends?' And he split. That night the coroner called me from L.A. and told me he'd OD'd. That blew my mind. I loved Danny. I felt responsible. And from there, I had to go right out on this huge tour of huge arenas. I was very nervous and ... insecure."[45]
On the tour, Young struggled with his voice and the performance of drummer
In the second half of 1973, Young formed The Santa Monica Flyers, with Crazy Horse's rhythm section augmented by
After completing On the Beach, Young reunited with Harvest producer Elliot Mazer to record another acoustic album, Homegrown. Most of the songs were written after Young's breakup with Carrie Snodgress, and thus the tone of the album was somewhat dark. Though Homegrown was reportedly entirely complete, Young decided, not for the first or last time in his career, to drop it and release something else instead, in this case, Tonight's the Night, at the suggestion of Band bassist Rick Danko.[67] Young further explained his move by saying: "It was a little too personal ... it scared me".[67] Most of the songs from Homegrown were later incorporated into other Young albums while the original album was not released until 2020. Tonight's the Night, when finally released in 1975, sold poorly, as had the previous albums of the "ditch" trilogy, and received mixed reviews at the time, but is now regarded as a landmark album. In Young's own opinion, it was the closest he ever came to art.[68]
Reunions, retrospectives and Rust Never Sleeps (1974–1979)
Young reunited with
In 1975, Young reformed Crazy Horse with
In 1976, Young reunited with Stephen Stills for the album
In 1976, Young performed with Bob Dylan, Joni Mitchell, and numerous other rock musicians in the high-profile all-star concert
In June 1977 Young joined with Jeff Blackburn, Bob Mosley and John Craviotto (who later founded Craviotto drums) to form a band called The Ducks. Over seven week the band performed 22 shows in Santa Cruz CA but were not allowed to appear beyond city limits due to Young's Crazy Horse contract. In April 2023 Young officially released a double album of songs culled from the band's performances at multiple venues as well as from sessions at a local recording studio. The double album was part of the Neil Young Archives project positioned within the Official Bootleg Series, titled High Flyin'.
Comes a Time (October 2, 1978), Young's first entirely new solo recording since the mid-1970s, marked a return to the commercially accessible, Nashville-inspired sound of Harvest while also featuring contributions from Larson and Crazy Horse. The album also marked a return to his folk roots, as exemplified by a cover of Ian Tyson's "Four Strong Winds", a song Young associated with his childhood in Canada. Another of the album's songs, "Lotta Love", was also recorded by Larson, with her version reaching No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 in February 1979. In 1978, much of the filming was done for Young's film Human Highway, which took its name from a song featured on Comes a Time. Over four years, Young would spend US$3,000,000 of his own money on production (US$14,014,286 in 2023 dollars[72]). This also marked the beginning of his brief collaboration with the art punk band Devo, whose members appeared in the film.[73]
Young set out in 1978 on the lengthy Rust Never Sleeps tour, in which he played a wealth of new material. Each concert was divided into a solo acoustic set and an electric set with Crazy Horse. The electric sets, featuring an abrasive style of playing, were influenced by the
Young's two accompanying albums
Experimental years (1980–1988)
At the start of the 1980s, distracted by medical concerns relating to the cerebral palsy of his son, Ben, Young had little time to spend on writing and recording.[citation needed] After providing the incidental music to the 1980 film Where the Buffalo Roam, Young released Hawks & Doves (November 3, 1980), a short record pieced together from sessions going back to 1974.[81]
Re·ac·tor (1981), an electric album recorded with Crazy Horse, also included material from the 1970s.[82] Young did not tour in support of either album; in total, he played only one show, a set at the 1980 Bread and Roses Festival in Berkeley,[83] between the end of his 1978 tour with Crazy Horse and the start of his tour with the Trans Band in mid-1982.[citation needed]
The 80s were really good. The 80s were like, artistically, very strong for me, because I knew no boundaries and was experimenting with everything that I could come across, sometimes with great success, sometimes with terrible results, but nonetheless I was able to do this, and I was able to realize that I wasn't in a box, and I wanted to establish that.
— Neil Young[84]
The 1982 album
Young's next album, 1983's Everybody's Rockin', included several rockabilly covers and clocked in at less than 25 minutes in length. Young was backed by the Shocking Pinks for the supporting US tour. Trans (1982) had already drawn the ire of label head David Geffen for its lack of commercial appeal, and with Everybody's Rockin' following seven months later, Geffen Records sued Young for making music "unrepresentative" of himself.[86] The album was also notable as the first for which Young made commercial music videos – Tim Pope directed the videos for "Wonderin'" and "Cry, Cry, Cry". Also premiered in 1983, though little seen, was the long-gestating Human Highway. Co-directed and co-written by Young, the eclectic comedy starred Young, Dean Stockwell, Russ Tamblyn, Dennis Hopper, David Blue, Sally Kirkland, Charlotte Stewart and members of Devo.[87]
Young did not release an album in 1984, his first unproductive year since beginning his career with Buffalo Springfield in 1966. Young's lack of productivity was largely due to the ongoing legal battle with Geffen, although he was also frustrated that the label had rejected his 1982 country album Old Ways.[88] It was also the year when Young's third child was born, a girl named Amber Jean, who was later diagnosed with inherited epilepsy.[89]
Young spent most of 1984 and all of 1985 touring for Old Ways (August 12, 1985) with his country band, the International Harvesters. The album was finally released in an altered form midway through 1985. Young also appeared at that year's Live Aid concert in Philadelphia, collaborating with Crosby, Stills and Nash for the quartet's first performance for a paying audience in over ten years.[citation needed]
Young's last two albums for Geffen were more conventional in the genre, although they incorporated production techniques like synthesizers and echoing drums that were previously uncommon in Young's music. Young recorded 1986's
Switching back to his old label Reprise Records, Young continued to tour relentlessly, assembling a new blues band called The Bluenotes in mid-1987 (a legal dispute with musician
Young reunited with Crosby, Stills, and Nash to record the 1988 album American Dream and play two benefit concerts late in the year, but the group did not embark upon a full tour.[citation needed]
Young attracted criticism from liberals in the music industry when he supported
Young took a turn at acting in 1988 by appearing in the Steven Kovacs film "68" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%2768_(film)&oldid=1186122250). He played the character Westy, cranky owner of a motorcycle shop and fan of Senator Joseph McCarthy.
Return to prominence (1989–1999)
Young's 1989 single "
The use of heavy
Young's 1990 album Ragged Glory, recorded with Crazy Horse in a barn on his Northern California ranch, continued this distortion-heavy aesthetic. Young toured for the album with Orange County, California country-punk band Social Distortion and Sonic Youth as support, much to the consternation of many of his old fans.[96] Weld, a two-disc live album documenting the tour, was released in 1991.[96] Sonic Youth's influence was evident on Arc, a 35-minute collage of feedback and distortion spliced together at the suggestion of Thurston Moore and originally packaged with some versions of Weld.[96]
1992's
In 1994, Young again collaborated with Crazy Horse for
Young has consistently demonstrated the unbridled passion of an artist who understands that self-renewal is the only way to avoid burning out. For this reason, he has remained one of the most significant artists of the rock and roll era.
In 1995, Young and his manager Elliot Roberts founded a record label, Vapor Records.[101] It has released recordings by Tegan and Sara, Spoon, Jonathan Richman, Vic Chesnutt, Everest, Pegi Young, Jets Overhead, and Young himself, among others.[101]
Young's next collaborative partner was filmmaker
In 1998, Young renewed his collaboration with the rock band Phish, sharing the stage at the annual Farm Aid concert and then at Young's Bridge School Benefit, where he joined headliners Phish for renditions of "Helpless" and "I Shall Be Released".[102] Phish declined Young's later invitation to be his backing band on his 1999 North American tour.[citation needed]
The decade ended with the release in late 1999 of Looking Forward, another reunion with Crosby, Stills, and Nash. The subsequent tour of the United States and Canada with the reformed quartet earned US$42.1 million, making it the eighth largest grossing tour of 2000.[citation needed]
Health condition and new material (2000s)
Neil Young continued to release new material at a rapid pace through the first decade of the new millennium. The studio album
In 2003, Young released Greendale, a concept album recorded with Crazy Horse members Billy Talbot and Ralph Molina. The songs loosely revolved around the murder of a police officer in a small town in California and its effects on the town's inhabitants.[104] Under the pseudonym "Bernard Shakey", Young directed an accompanying film of the same name, featuring actors lip-synching to the music from the album. He toured extensively with the Greendale material throughout 2003 and 2004, first with a solo, acoustic version in Europe, then with a full-cast stage show in North America, Japan, and Australia. Young began using biodiesel on the 2004 Greendale tour, powering his trucks and tour buses with the fuel. "Our Greendale tour is now ozone friendly", he said. "I plan to continue to use this government approved and regulated fuel exclusively from now on to prove that it is possible to deliver the goods anywhere in North America without using foreign oil, while being environmentally responsible."[105]
In March 2005, while working on the
2010s
In May 2010, it was revealed Young had begun working on a new studio album produced by Daniel Lanois. This was announced by David Crosby, who said that the album "will be a very heartfelt record. I expect it will be a very special record."[110] On May 18, 2010, Young embarked upon a North American solo tour to promote his then upcoming album, Le Noise, playing a mix of older songs and new material. Although billed as a solo acoustic tour, Young also played some songs on electric guitars, including Old Black.[111]
In September 2011, Jonathan Demme's third documentary film on the singer songwriter, Neil Young Journeys, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.[112]
Neil Young with Crazy Horse released the album
On September 25, 2012, Young's autobiography
In November 2013, Young performed at the annual fundraiser for the
Young released the album A Letter Home on April 19, 2014, through Jack White's record label, and his second memoir, entitled Special Deluxe, which was released on October 14.[119] He appeared with White on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on May 12, 2014.[120]
Young released his thirty-fifth studio album, Storytone on November 4, 2014. The first song released from the album, "Who's Gonna Stand Up?", was released in three different versions on September 25, 2014.[121]
Storytone was followed in 2015 by his
In summer 2015, Young undertook a North American tour titled the Rebel Content Tour. The tour began on July 5, 2015, at the Summerfest in
In October 2016, Young performed at Desert Trip in Indio, California,[129][130] and announced his thirty-seventh studio album, Peace Trail, recorded with drummer Jim Keltner and bass guitarist Paul Bushnell,[131] which was released that December.
On September 8, 2017, Young released
On July 4, 2017, Young released the song "Children of Destiny" which would appear on his next album. On November 3, 2017, Young released "Already Great", a song from
On Record Store Day, April 21, 2018, Warner Records released a two-vinyl LP special edition of Roxy: Tonight's the Night Live, a double live album of a show that Young performed in September 1973 at the Roxy in West Hollywood, with the Santa Monica Flyers. The album is labeled as "Volume 05" in Young's Performance Series.[135]
On October 19, 2018, Young released a live version of his song "Campaigner", an excerpt from a forthcoming archival live album titled Songs for Judy, which features solo performances recorded during a November 1976 tour with Crazy Horse. It will be the first release from his new label Shakey Pictures Records.[136][137][138]
In December 2018, Young criticized the promoters of a London show for selecting
On August 19, 2019, Neil Young and Crazy Horse announced the forthcoming release later in August 2019 of the new song "Rainbow of Colors", the first single from the album Colorado, Young's first new record with the band in seven years, since 2012's Psychedelic Pill. Young, multi-instrumentalist Nils Lofgren, bassist Billy Talbot and drummer Ralph Molina recorded the new album with Young's co-producer, John Hanlon, in spring 2019. Colorado was released on October 25, 2019[140][141] on Reprise Records. On August 30, 2019, Young unveiled "Milky Way", the first song from Colorado, a love ballad he had performed several times at concerts – both solo acoustic and with Promise of the Real.[142]
2020s
In February 2020, Young wrote an open letter to President Trump, calling him a "disgrace to my country".
In April 2020, Young announced that he was working on a new archival album, Road of Plenty, comprising music made with Crazy Horse in 1986 and rehearsals for his 1989 Saturday Night Live appearance.[146] On June 19, Young released a "lost" album, Homegrown. He recorded it in the mid-1970s following his breakup with Carrie Snodgress, but opted not to release it at the time, feeling it was too personal.[147] In September, Young released a live EP, The Times. Young shared the news via his video for his new song "Lookin' for a Leader", stating: "I invite the President to play this song at his next rally. A song about the feelings many of us have about America today."[148]
In January 2021, Young sold 50% of the rights to his back catalog to the British investment company Hipgnosis Songs Fund. The value was estimated to be at least $150 million.[149][150] Young and Crazy Horse released a new album, Barn, on December 10, 2021. The first single, "Song of the Seasons", was released on October 15, followed by "Welcome Back" on December 3, along with a music video. A stand-alone will be released on Blu-ray and will be directed by Daryl Hannah.[151] Young also confirmed that he had completed his third book, Canary, his first work of fiction.[152]
On January 24, 2022, Young posted an open letter threatening to remove his music from the audio streaming service Spotify if it did not remove The Joe Rogan Experience podcast. Young accused the podcast of spreading COVID-19 misinformation on December 31, writing that "Spotify has a responsibility to mitigate the spread of misinformation on its platform".[153] On January 26, Young's music was removed from Spotify. A Spotify spokesperson said that Spotify wanted "all the world's music and audio content to be available to Spotify users" and that it had a "great responsibility in balancing both safety for listeners and freedom for creators".[153] In solidarity, artists including Joni Mitchell and the members of Crosby, Stills, and Nash also removed their music from Spotify.[154][155][156] The Director-General of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, also praised Young.[155]
In 2023, Young criticized Ticketmaster's practice of raising ticket prices and adding fees. He said he had been sent letters from fans blaming him for US$3,000 tickets for a benefit concert he was performing, and that "artists have to worry about ripped off fans blaming them for Ticketmaster add-ons and scalpers".[157]
In March 2024, Young returned his music to Spotify, as the end of Rogan's contract meant Rogan could add The Joe Rogan Experience to other streaming platforms, such as Apple Music and Amazon Music. Young said he could not sustain his opposition across each of the platforms.[158]
Archives project
Since 2006, Young has been maintaining the Neil Young Archives, a project which encompasses the release of live albums, starting in 2006 with Live at the Fillmore East, box sets of live and studio material, starting in 2009 with The Archives Vol. 1 1963–1972, as well as video releases. As of 2019[update], the project has evolved into a subscription website and application where all of his music is available to stream in high resolution audio. Neil Young Archives also includes his newspaper, The Times-Contrarian, The Hearse Theater, and photographs and memorabilia from throughout his career.[159]
Activism, philanthropy and humanitarian efforts
Young's renewed activism manifested itself in the 2006 album
While Young had never been a stranger to eco-friendly lyrics, themes of environmentalist spirituality and activism became increasingly prominent in his work throughout the 1990s and 2000s, especially on Greendale (2003)[162] and Living with War (2006).[163] The trend continued on 2007's Chrome Dreams II, with lyrics exploring Young's personal eco-spirituality.[164]
Young remains on the board of directors of Farm Aid, an organization he co-founded with Willie Nelson and John Mellencamp in 1985. According to its website, it is the longest running concert benefit series in the US and it has raised $43 million since its first benefit concert in 1985. Each year, Young co-hosts and performs with well-known guest performers including Dave Matthews and producers including Evelyn Shriver and Mark Rothbaum, at the Farm Aid annual benefit concerts to raise funds and provide grants to family farms and prevent foreclosures, provide a crisis hotline, and create and promote homegrown farm food in the United States.[165]
In 2008, Young revealed his latest project, the production of a
A Jonathan Demme concert film from a 2007 concert at the Tower Theater in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania, called the Neil Young Trunk Show premiered on March 21, 2009, at the South by Southwest (SXSW) Film Conference and Festival in Austin, Texas. It was featured at the Cannes Film Festival on May 17, 2009, and was released in the US on March 19, 2010,[168] to critical acclaim.[169][170][171]
In 2009, Young headlined the
Young has been a vocal opponent of the proposed
Young participated in the Blue Dot Tour, which was organized and fronted by environmental activist David Suzuki, and toured all 10 Canadian provinces alongside other Canadian artists including the Barenaked Ladies, Feist, and Robert Bateman. The intent of Young's participation in this tour was to raise awareness of the environmental damage caused by the exploitation of oilsands. Young has argued that the amount of CO2 released as a byproduct of oilsand oil extraction is equivalent to the amount released by the total number of cars in Canada each day.[178] Young has faced criticism from representatives from within the Canadian petroleum industry, who have argued that his statements are irresponsible.[174] Young's opposition to the construction of oil pipelines has influenced his music as well. His song, "Who's Going to Stand Up?" was written to protest this issue, and features the lyric "Ban fossil fuel and draw the line / Before we build one more pipeline".[174]
In addition to directly criticizing members of the oil industry, Young has also focused blame on the actions of the Canadian government for ignoring the environmental impacts of climate change. He referred to Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper as "an embarrassment to many Canadians ... [and] a very poor imitation of the George Bush administration in the United States".[178] Young was also critical of Barack Obama's government for failing to uphold the promises made regarding environmental policies during his election campaign.[178]
Young recorded "
Personal life
Homes and residency
Young's family was from Manitoba, where both his parents were born and married. Young himself was born in Toronto, Ontario, and lived there at various times in his early life (1945, 1957, 1959–1960, 1966–1967), as well as Omemee (1945–1952) and Pickering, Ontario (1956) before settling with his mother in Winnipeg, Manitoba (1958, 1960–1966), where his music career began and which he considers his "hometown".[182] After becoming successful, he bought properties in California. Young had a home in Malibu, California, which burned to the ground in the 2018 Woolsey Fire.[183] Young had lived outside Canada since 1967, before returning in 2020.
Young owned Broken Arrow Ranch, a property of about 1,000 acres[184] near La Honda, California, which he purchased in 1970 for US$350,000 (US$2.7 million in 2023 dollars);[72] the property was subsequently expanded to thousands of acres.[185][186] He moved out and gave Pegi Young the ranch after their divorce in 2014. Young's son Ben lives there.[61]
Young announced in 2019 that his application for United States citizenship had been held up because of his use of
Marriages and relationships
Young married his first wife, restaurant owner Susan Acevedo, in December 1968. They were together until October 1970, when she filed for divorce.[193]
From late 1970 to 1975, Young was in a relationship with actress Carrie Snodgress. The song "A Man Needs a Maid" from Harvest is inspired by his seeing her in the film Diary of a Mad Housewife. They met soon afterward and she moved in with him on his ranch in northern California. They have a son, Zeke, who was born on September 8, 1972. He has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy.[194][195]
Young met his future wife Pegi Young (née Morton) in 1974 when she was working as a waitress at a diner near his ranch, a story he tells in the 1992 song "Unknown Legend". They married in August 1978[196] and had two children together, Ben and Amber. Ben has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy,[195] and Amber has been diagnosed with epilepsy.[195] The couple were musical collaborators and co-founded the Bridge School in 1986.[197][198] They divorced in 2014 after 36 years of marriage.[61] Pegi died on January 1, 2019.[199]
In 2014, Young began dating actress Daryl Hannah.[200] The couple wed on August 25, 2018, in Atascadero, California.[201][202]
Young has been widely reported to be the
Charity work
Young is an environmentalist[205] and outspoken advocate for the welfare of small farmers, having co-founded in 1985 the benefit concert Farm Aid. He worked on LincVolt, the conversion of his 1959 Lincoln Continental to hybrid electric technology, as an environmentalist statement.[206][207] In 1986, Young helped found the Bridge School,[208] an educational organization for children with severe verbal and physical disabilities, and its annual supporting Bridge School Benefit concerts, together with his then-wife Pegi Young.[209]
Young is a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism.[210]
Business ventures
Young was part owner of Lionel, LLC, a company that makes toy trains and model railroad accessories.[211] In 2008 Lionel emerged from bankruptcy and his shares of the company were wiped out. He was instrumental in the design of the Lionel Legacy control system for model trains,[211] and remains on the board of directors of Lionel.[212] He has been named as co-inventor on seven US patents related to model trains.[213]
Young has long held that the digital audio formats in which most people download music are deeply flawed, and do not provide the rich, warm sound of analog recordings. He claims to be acutely aware of the difference, and compares it with taking a shower in tiny ice cubes versus ordinary water.
Instruments
Guitars
In 2003, Rolling Stone listed Young as eighty-third in its ranking of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" (although in a more recent version of the list, he has been moved up to seventeenth place), describing him as a "restless experimenter ... who transform[s] the most obvious music into something revelatory".[221] Young is a collector of second-hand guitars, but in recording and performing, he uses frequently just a few instruments, as is explained by his longtime guitar technician Larry Cragg in the film Neil Young: Heart of Gold. They include:
- a late 1950s Ohio", "Southern Man", "Alabama", "Words (Between the Lines of Age)", and "L.A.". It was Young's primary electric guitar during the Harvest (1972) era, since Young's deteriorating back condition (eventually fixed with surgery) made playing the much heavier Les Paul (a favorite of his named Old Black) difficult.[222]
Reed organ
Young owns a restored
Crystallophone
Young owns a glass harmonica, which he played in the recording of "I Do" on his 2019 album Colorado.[224]
Amplification
Young uses various vintage
A notable and unique accessory to Young's Deluxe is the Whizzer, a device created specifically for Young by Rick Davis, which physically changes the amplifier's settings to pre-set combinations. This device is connected to footswitches operable by Young onstage in the manner of an
Discography
- Neil Young (1968)
- Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere (1969) (with Crazy Horse)
- After the Gold Rush (1970)
- Harvest (1972)
- Time Fades Away (1973)
- On the Beach (1974)
- Tonight's the Night (1975)
- Zuma (1975) (with Crazy Horse)
- Long May You Run (1976) (credited to The Stills–Young Band)
- American Stars 'n Bars (1977)
- Comes a Time (1978)
- Rust Never Sleeps (1979)
- Hawks & Doves (1980)
- Re·ac·tor (1981) (with Crazy Horse)
- Trans (1983)
- Everybody's Rockin' (1983) (with the Shocking Pinks)
- Old Ways (1985)
- Landing on Water (1986)
- Life (1987) (with Crazy Horse)
- This Note's for You (1988) (with the Bluenotes)
- Freedom (1989)
- Ragged Glory (1990) (with Crazy Horse)
- Harvest Moon (1992)
- Sleeps with Angels (1994) (with Crazy Horse)
- Mirror Ball (1995) (with Pearl Jam)
- Broken Arrow (1996) (with Crazy Horse)
- Silver & Gold (2000)
- Are You Passionate? (2002) (with Booker T. & the M.G.'s)
- Greendale (2003) (with Crazy Horse)
- Prairie Wind (2005)
- Living with War (2006)
- Chrome Dreams II (2007)
- Fork in the Road (2009)
- Le Noise (2010)
- Americana (2012) (with Crazy Horse)
- Psychedelic Pill (2012) (with Crazy Horse)
- A Letter Home (2014)
- Storytone (2014)
- Promise of the Real)
- Peace Trail(2016)
- Hitchhiker(2017, recorded 1976)
- The Visitor(2017) (with Promise of the Real)
- Colorado (2019) (with Crazy Horse)
- Homegrown (2020, recorded 1974–75)
- Barn (2021) (with Crazy Horse)
- Toast (2022, recorded 2001) (with Crazy Horse)
- World Record (2022) (with Crazy Horse)
- Chrome Dreams (2023, recorded 1974–77) (with Crazy Horse)
- Before and After (2023)
- Fuckin' Up (2024) (with Crazy Horse)
Legacy and influence
Young's political outspokenness and social awareness influenced artists such as Blind Melon, Phish, Pearl Jam, and Nirvana. Young is referred to as "the Godfather of Grunge" because of the influence he had on Kurt Cobain and Eddie Vedder and the entire grunge movement. Vedder inducted Young into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, citing him as a huge influence. Young is cited as being a significant influence on the experimental rock group Sonic Youth, and Thom Yorke of Radiohead. Yorke recounted first hearing Young after sending a demo tape to a magazine when he was 16, which favorably compared his singing voice to Young's. Unaware of Young at that time, he bought After the Gold Rush (1970), and "immediately fell in love" with his work, calling it "extraordinary".[227]
The Australian rock group Powderfinger named themselves after Young's song "Powderfinger" from Rust Never Sleeps (1979). The members of the Constantines have occasionally played Neil Young tribute shows under the name Horsey Craze.[228]
Jason Bond, an East Carolina University biologist, discovered a new species of trapdoor spider in 2007 and named it Myrmekiaphila neilyoungi after Young,[229] his favorite singer.[230]
Awards
As one of the founders of Farm Aid (1985–), he remains an active member of the board of directors. For one weekend each October, in Mountain View, California, Young and his ex-wife hosted the Bridge School Concerts, which drew international talent and sell-out crowds for nearly two decades. He announced in June 2017, however, that he would no longer host the concerts.[231]
Rolling Stone magazine in 2000, ranked Young thirty-fourth in its list of the 100 greatest artists of all time.[232] In 2000, Young was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.[233]
In 2003, Rolling Stone's
In 2006, when Paste magazine compiled a "Greatest Living Songwriters" list, Young was ranked second behind Bob Dylan. (While Young and Dylan have occasionally played together in concert, they have never collaborated on a song together or played on each other's records). He ranked thirty-ninth on VH1's 100 Greatest Artist of Hard Rock that same year. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame explained that while Young has "avoided sticking to one style for very long, the unifying factors throughout Young's peripatetic musical journey have been his unmistakable voice, his raw and expressive guitar playing, and his consummate songwriting skill."[99]
After the Gold Rush, Harvest, Déjà Vu, and "Ohio" have all been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[242]
In 2001, Young was awarded the Spirit of Liberty award by the civil liberties group People for the American Way. Young was honored as the MusiCares Person of the Year on January 29, 2010, two nights before the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards. He was also nominated for two Grammy Awards: Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance for "Fork in the Road" and Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package for Neil Young Archives Vol. 1 (1963–1972). Young won the latter Grammy Award. In 2010, he was ranked No. 26 in Gibson.com's Top 50 Guitarists of All Time.[243]
In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Young at number 133 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.[244]
Other honors include:
- Canadian Music Hall of Fame, 1982
- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame He has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice: first in 1995 for his solo work and in 1997 as a member of Buffalo Springfield.
- In 2006, Artist of the Year by the American Music Association.[245]
Albums recorded in tribute to Young by various artists include:
- 1989 – The Bridge: A Tribute to Neil Young, Caroline
- 1994 – Borrowed Tunes: A Tribute to Neil Young, Sony Music Canada, 2xCD acoustic and electric
- 1999 – This Note's for You Too!: A Tribute to Neil Young, Inbetweens Records 2xCD
- 2000 – Getting' High on Neil Young: A Bluegrass Tribute, CMH Records (same as 1998 entry)
- 2001 – Everybody Knows This Is Norway: A Norwegian Tribute to Neil Young, Switch Off Records
- 2001 – Mirrorball Songs – A Tribute to Neil Young, SALD, Japan
- 2006 – Headed for the Ditch: a Michigan Tribute to Neil Young, Lower Peninsula Records 2xLP
- 2007 – Borrowed Tunes II: A Tribute to Neil Young, 2xCD acoustic and electric, Universal Music Canada 2xCD
- 2007 – Like A Hurricane (16-track tribute album provided with the December 2007 issue of Uncut Magazine)
- 2008 – More Barn – A Tribute to Neil Young, Slothtrop Music
- 2008 – Cinnamon Girl – Women Artists Cover Neil Young for Charity, American Laundromat Records 2xCD
- 2012 – Music Is Love: A Singer-Songwriter Tribute to the Music of CSNY Route 66 2xCD
Grammy Awards
Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
---|---|---|---|
1990 | Freedom | Best Male Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated |
1991 | "Rockin' in the Free World" | Best Male Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated |
1994 | "Harvest Moon" | Record of the Year | Nominated |
Song of the Year | Nominated | ||
"My Back Pages" | Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal | Nominated | |
1995 | "Philadelphia" | Best Male Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated |
Sleeps with Angels | Best Rock Album | Nominated | |
1996 | "Peace and Love" | Best Male Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated |
"Downtown" | Best Rock Song | Nominated | |
Mirror Ball | Best Rock Album | Nominated | |
Best Recording Package | Nominated | ||
1997 | Broken Arrow | Best Rock Album | Nominated |
2006 | "The Painter" | Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated |
Prairie Wind | Best Rock Album | Nominated | |
2007 | "Lookin' for a Leader" | Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated |
Best Rock Song | Nominated | ||
Living with War | Best Rock Album | Nominated | |
2009 | "No Hidden Path" | Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated |
2010 | "Fork in the Road" | Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated |
The Archives Vol. 1 1963–1972 | Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package | Won | |
Neil Young | MusiCares Person of the Year | Won | |
2011 | "Angry World" | Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated |
Best Rock Song | Won | ||
Le Noise | Best Rock Album | Nominated | |
2014 | Psychedelic Pill | Best Rock Album | Nominated |
2015 | A Letter Home | Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package | Nominated |
Juno Awards
Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
---|---|---|---|
2011 | Artist of the Year | Neil Young | Won |
Adult Alternative Album of the Year | Le Noise | Won | |
2008 | Adult Alternative Album of the Year | Chrome Dreams II | Nominated |
2007 | Adult Alternative Album of the Year | Living With War | Won |
2006 | Adult Alternative Album of the Year | Prairie Wind | Nominated |
Jack Richardson Producer of the Year |
"The Painter" | Won | |
Songwriter of the Year | "The Painter", "When God Made Me", "Prairie Wind" | Nominated | |
2001 | Best Male Artist | Neil Young | Won |
Best Roots & Traditional Album – Solo |
Silver & Gold | Nominated | |
1997 | Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
1996 | Best Rock Album | Mirror Ball | Nominated |
Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated | |
1995 | Songwriter of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Won | |
Entertainer of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated | |
1994 | Single of the Year | "Harvest Moon" | Nominated |
Album of the Year | Harvest Moon | Won | |
1993 | Songwriter of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated | |
1991 | Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
1990 | Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
1989 | Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
1986 | Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
1982 | Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
1981 | Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
1980 | Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
1979 | Male Vocalist of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
1975 | Composer of the Year | Neil Young | Nominated |
MTV Video Music Awards
Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
---|---|---|---|
1984 | "Wonderin'" | Most Experimental Video | Nominated |
1989 | "This Note's for You" | Video of the Year | Won |
Viewer's Choice Award | Nominated |
See also
- Canadian rock
- List of peace activists
- Music of Canada
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expect to receive their brand new, music-industry-saving Pono device in...October, at which point one presumes Pono will do a launch event
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External links
- Official archive with rare recordings
- Neil Young at AllMusic
- Neil Young discography at Discogs
- Neil Young at IMDb
- Article at thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
- Article at canadianbands.com