Nunggubuyu language
Nunggubuyu | |
---|---|
Wubuy | |
Native to | Macro-Pama-Nyungan ?
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | nuy |
Glottolog | nung1290 |
AIATSIS[2] | N128 |
ELP | Wubuy |
Nunggubuyu or Wubuy is an
Kriol. To counter this, starting in 1990, the community has been embarking on a revitalisation programme for the language by bringing in elders to teach it to children at the local school.[5]
Classification
The classification of Nunggubuyu is problematic. Heath (1997) postulates that Nunggubuyu is most closely related to
Ngandi and Anindilyakwa. However, Evans (2003) believes that the similarities are shared retentions rather than shared innovations, and that Nunggubuyu is closest to the eastern Gunwinyguan languages.[6]
Brett Baker (2004) demonstrates that Ngandi and Wubuy form an "Eastern Gunwinyguan" subgroup as distinct from the "jala"/"Rembarngic" subgroup which includes
Anindilyakwa
, but shares more sound changes and lexical items with the latter.
Phonology
Consonants
Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Velar | Palatal | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
Nasal
|
m | ŋ | ɲ | n̪
|
n
|
ɳ |
Plosive | p | k | c | t̪
|
t
|
ʈ |
Tap
|
ɾ | |||||
Lateral | l̪
|
l
|
ɭ | |||
Approximant | w | j | ɻ |
/n̪/ is rare. /ɾ/ may optionally be pronounced as a trill when it occurs in word-initial position, which is rare.[9]
Vowels
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High
|
i iː | u uː |
Low
|
a aː |
Numbers
Nunggubuyu uses a quinary number system.[10]
base numeral | +5 | ×5 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 | 1 | anjbadj | 115 | 6 | maralibalinala mari anjbadj | 105 | 5 | marangandjbugidj | ||
25 | 2 | wulawa | 125 | 7 | maralibalinala mari wulawa | 205 | 10 | wurumulumara ngandjabugidj | ||
35 | 3 | wulanjbadj | 135 | 8 | maralibalinala mari wulanjbadj | 305 | 15 | wurumulumbulanbadj | ||
45 | 4 | wulawulal | 145 | 9 | maralibalinala mari wulawulal | 405 | 20 | wurumulumbulalwulal | ||
105 | 5 | marangandjbugidj | 205 | 10 | wurumulumara ngandjabugidj |
Sample text
Ba-marang-dhayiyn
Ba-marang-gagagiyn
B a-marang-dhayiyn
Ba-marang-jaljaliyn
Ba-wan.ngang “hokey pokey”
Badhawawa-rumiyn
Aba dani-yung-bugij
(the Hokey Pokey in Wubuy)[11]
Notes
- ^ a b "SBS Australian Census Explorer". Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ^ N128 Nunggubuyu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Numbulwar Numburindi Community Government Council (2007). "Numbulwar's Profile & Information". Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
The major language spoken in Numbulwar is Noongabuyu (Noon-ga-boy-you) along with creole. English is generally regarded as a third language in the community.
- ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. UNESCO. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- ^ Nicholas Evans, 2003, Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune, vol. 1
- ^ Baker, Brett. (2004). "Stem forms and paradigm reshaping in Gunwinyguan." In Koch, H. & Bowern, C. eds. Australian languages: Classification and the comparative method. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing, pp. 313-40, 669-79.
- ^ Van Egmond, M-E. (2012). "Enindhilyakwa phonology, morphosyntax and genetic position." Doctoral thesis. University of Sydney. pp. 314–70.
- ^ Heath (1984): p. 12.
- ^ Capell, A. "A New Approach to Australian Linguistics", Oceania linguistic monographs 1 (1956), Sydney: University of Sydney, p. 68. Cited in John Harris, "Facts and Fallacies of Aboriginal Number Systems Archived 2007-08-31 at the Wayback Machine", SIL work paper series B, volume 8 (1982), p. 161.
- TheGuardian.com. 6 September 2016.
References
- Heath, Jeffrey (1984). Functional Grammar of Nunggubuyu. Canberra: AIAS. ISBN 0-85575-157-6.
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005). Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.). Blackwell.
External links
- Nunggubuyu language books available in the Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages