Prespa National Park (Albania)

Coordinates: 40°45′0″N 20°55′0″E / 40.75000°N 20.91667°E / 40.75000; 20.91667
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the park in southeastern Albania. For other parks, see Prespa National Park.
Prespa National Park
Parku Kombëtar i Prespës
Official logo
Map showing the location of Prespa National Park
Map showing the location of Prespa National Park
Location within Albania
Map showing the location of Prespa National Park
Map showing the location of Prespa National Park
Prespa National Park (Albania) (Europe)
LocationKorçë County
Nearest cityKorçë, Pustec
Coordinates40°45′0″N 20°55′0″E / 40.75000°N 20.91667°E / 40.75000; 20.91667
Area27,613.05 hectares (276.1305 km2)
Designated18 February 1999 (1999-02-18)[1]
Governing body National Agency of Protected Areas
Websiteprespanationalpark.gov.al
Official nameAlbanian Prespa Lakes
Designated13 June 2013 (2013-06-13)
Reference no.2151[2]

Prespa National Park (

freshwater wetlands, salt marshes, meadows, reed beds and dense forests
.

History

Established to protect the natural and cultural heritage of the region, the park is included in the

Plant Area.[5][6]

Both lakes are essentially situated between 850 and 900 metres elevation

cultivation of mountain tea that flourish at the limestone rocks of the mountain; it is one of the most popular tea types of the Albanian people.[11] Otherwise, the park protects the island of Maligrad, which is dotted with many caves suitable for wildlife and a circular cliff
.

Due to the temperature and climate differences between different areas and elevations of the park, it is characterized by housing a wide range of

coniferous and deciduous
forests. Out of the 1130 species of flora and 174 species of fungus are distributed throughout the park. The fauna is represented by 60 species of mammals, 270 species of birds, 23 species of reptiles, 11 species of amphibia and 23 species of fish.

Prespa National Park is a cultural landscape that displays evidence of cultural practices dating back thousands of years, with the oldest traces of human habitation dating back to the

Treni, the St. Mary's Church and so on.[13][14]

Geography

Location

Island of Maligrad inside the Great Prespa Lake.

The Prespa National Park is strategically located in the southeastern region of Albania, bordering

Great Prespa Lake, Small Prespa Lake, Maligrad Island and the surrounding regions. The city of Korçë is the nearest and largest city of the region. 2,100 hectares (21 km2) of the park's territory is agricultural land, while 5,372 hectares (53.72 km2) is classified as unproductive land. Forests occupy 13,500 hectares (135 km2) of the total land area and only 1,828 hectares (18.28 km2) is composed of pastures and meadows. The remainder is occupied by water bodies with 4,950 hectares (49.5 km2).[15]

The

central mountain range of Albania until it discharges into the Adriatic Sea on the Mediterranean Sea
.

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, the climate of the park is generally mediterranean with continental influences.[18] It is quite unique due to the diverse relief, variation in elevation and the position of the area associated to the lakes. Mean monthly temperature ranges between 0.2 °C (32.4 °F) in January and 19.2 °C (66.6 °F) in July. Rains mainly occur in late autumn and winter, while the least amount of rainfall is recorded in July and August. Mean annual precipitation ranges between 700 millimetres (28 inches) and 1,400 millimetres (55 inches) depending on region and climate type.[18]

A panoramic view above the national park of Prespa during summer.

Biodiversity

Habitats

The village of Zagradec located at the Small Prespa Lake.

The park is a significant natural landscape comprising outstanding representation of connected ecosystems whose extent and intactness provides for a contrasting and rich biodiversity including naturally and culturally significant species. The park is a large and continuous natural environment that comprises several landscape types, each with marked natural and cultural values.[19]

The reed beds occur along stream and river margins, where the flow is slower but are found most extensively on the lakes. They are of an exceptional value in terms of ecology. The country's sections of the lakes, covered by reed beds, are approximately about 500 ha in surface.[19] They have great conservation value as they provide a good breeding and roosting site for a variety birds and other species.

The

riverine zone encompasses some of the largest and most diverse stream and channel systems in the region, including extensive wetlands, floodplains and mangroves that support vast numbers of water birds
and other aquatic and marine species.

Albania's section of Great Prespa Lake as seen from North Macedonia.

The

balkan beech in the northeastern mountain areas.[19]

Areas of grassland with alpine and sub-alpine meadows and pastures dominate much of the crests and eastern slopes of Mali i Thatë and provide an important habitat for the diverse wildlife that lives in abundance here. Although alpine tundra conditions also prevail, with grasses and small plants with a high level of endemism.

Wildlife

Perhaps the most important and iconic mammal species in the park is the brown bear.

The landscapes of the park have evolved, together with the floral and faunal resources, as part of the evolution of the Prespa Lake Basin some million years ago. The availability of water, influenced by the configuration of the terrain, has a great impact on the biodiversity of this region. The diversity of habitats in the park provides many different resources for several threatened and endangered species as well as species currently maintaining the conservation status of least concern.

In view of

plants and 174 species of fungus distributed throughout the park's territory, while 60 species of plants are classified as rare and endangered.[20]

The great white pelican together with the dalmatian pelican inhabit the lakes during summer.

Due to the density of vegetation that makes some areas rather inaccessible to people, much of the preserved forests, bushes and grasses have remained relatively undisturbed by human intervention that in turn offers important shelter for animals. There are at least 60 mammal species known to occur in the park.

Shebenik-Jabllanicë National Park.[21] The red fox is relatively common and can be spotted quite frequently during winter in the park.[23]

Classified as an Important Bird Area, however, birds are without question the park's most numerous class of animal with more than 270 species.[24][25][21] Approximately 132 of the bird species utilising the park can be classified as breeding species and the remaining species are either resident or non-breeding visitors to the park. The white and dalmatian pelican, which is one of the largest bird species in the world, spend the summer season in the lakes of the park associated with the undisturbed wetlands, freshwater marshes and permanent streams.[26]

Despite the unique

spur-thighed tortoise, fire salamander, marsh frog and agile frog.[21]

Transboundary collaboration

The Prespa National Park in Albania became part of a planned tri-national, trans-boundary park headed by the

Northern Macedonia and Greece in 2000. Although the three countries and the involved international parties have agreed for this common project since 2000, little progress has been made for its implementation and the three parks are effectively run as three different parks.[28] Since then, another collaborative project in the framework of the Council of Europe has begun to be implemented: the "Prespa-Ohrid Ecoregion", which aims to unify all conservation projects of the wetlands of Lake Ohrid and the Prespa Lakes under one administration.[29] Consequently, the Prespa-Ohrid Nature Trust was founded in 2015.[30]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prespa National Park.

References

  1. ^ "RRJETI I ZONAVE TË MBROJTURA NË SHQIPËRI" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2017-09-05. Retrieved 2016-01-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. ^ "Albanian Prespa Lakes". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  3. ^ "GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY" (PDF). ais.unwater.org. p. 15.
  4. ^ UNESCO. "Ohrid-Prespa". unesco.org.
  5. IUCN, World Wide Fund for Nature, Plantlife. "Important Plant Areas of the south and east Mediterranean region" (PDF). portals.iucn.org. p. 75.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  6. ^ Ramsar Convention (3 July 2013). "Albania adds its parts of the Prespa Lakes to the Ramsar List". ramsar.org.
  7. ^ a b "TRANSBOUNDARY PRESPA – REVIEW OF CONSERVATION EFFORTS A REPORT TO THE PRESPA OHRID NATURE TRUST" (PDF). pont.org. pp. 1–158.
  8. ISBN 1-4020-9581-3
  9. ^ "Assessment and Evaluation of Biodiversity on National Level" (PDF). undp.org. Skopje. pp. 22–23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2018-07-08.
  10. ^ "Lake Ohrid; Invest in Macedonia – Agency for Foreign Investments of the Republic of Macedonia". InvestInMacedonia.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  11. ^ "Conservation Action Plan for the Prespa Lakes' Watershed" (PDF). undp.org. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-02-17. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
  12. ^ "Management Plan Prespa National Park in Albania" (PDF). mjedisi.gov.al. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-27. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  13. ^ "Zgavra e Zaverit". akzm.gov.al (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  14. ^ "Management Plan National Park Prespa in Albania" (PDF). mjedisi.gov.al. p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-27. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  15. ^ "Management Plan of Prespa National Park (Albania)". researchgate.net. p. 14.
  16. ^ N. T. Skoulikidis, I. Bertahas, T. Koussouris. "The environmental state offreshwater resources in Greece(rivers and lakes)". researchgate.net. p. 14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Euronatur. "Grünes Band Balkan – Rettung für bedrohte Paradiese?" (PDF). euronatur.org (in German). pp. 4–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2018-07-08.
  18. ^ a b "Brown Bear Conservation Action Plan for the Prespa Lakes' Watershed". researchgate.net. p. 9.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g "Management Plan of Prespa National Park (Albania)". researchgate.net. pp. 23–29.
  20. ^ "Management Plan of Prespa National Park (Albania)". researchgate.net. pp. 23–31.
  21. ^ a b c d e f "Management Plan of Prespa National Park (Albania)". researchgate.net. pp. 30–35.
  22. ^ "Brown Bear Conservation Action Plan for the Prespa Lakes' Watershed" (PDF). resen.gov.mk. 2012. pp. 12–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2018-07-08.
  23. ^ "An Insight Guide of Prespa Lakes Region" (PDF). ctp.gr. p. 17.
  24. ^ BirdLife International. "Lake Megali Prespa". datazone.birdlife.org.
  25. ^ BirdLife International. "Lake Mikri Prespa". datazone.birdlife.org.
  26. ^ Ramsar Convention. "The Annotated Ramsar List: Albania". archive.ramsar.org. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2017-09-14. Retrieved 2018-07-08.
  27. ^ The park protects some of the largest and most important populations o. "Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan for the Bats of Prespa" (PDF). spp.gr. p. 99. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-29. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
  28. ^ Gardin, Jean (2007). "The Tri-National Prespa Park in Albania, Greece and Macedonia (FYROM): Using Environment to Define the New Boundaries of the European Union". CEFRES - Borders of the European Union: Strategies of Crossing and Resistance: 12. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  29. ^ "Prespa-Ohrid Ecoregion". Prespa-Ohrid Trust Fund. Archived from the original on 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  30. ^ "Prespa-Ohrid Nature Trust History".
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