Said al-Andalusi
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2012) |
Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī (صاعِدُالأندلسي) | |
---|---|
Born | 1029 |
Died | 1070 |
Other names | Abū al-Qāsim Ṣāʿid ibn Abū al-Walīd Aḥmad ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṣāʿid ibn ʿUthmān al-Taghlibi al-Qūrtūbi (صاعِدُ بنُ أحمدَ بن عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن صاعدٍ التَّغْلِبيُّ) |
Academic background | |
Influences | Abū Muḥammad ibn Hazm (أبي محمد بن حَزْم) |
Academic work | |
Era | Banu Dhiʼb-n-Nun dynasty, Umayyad Caliphate |
Main interests | astronomy, science, philosophy, universal history |
Notable works | Ṭabaqāt al-‘Umam |
Influenced | Al-Qifti |
Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī (
Life
Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī was born in Almería in al-Andalus during the Dhulnunid dynasty[1] and died in Toledo. His Arab origins came from the tribe of Taghlib and his family had fled Cordova to take refuge in Almería during the civil war.[3][4] His grandfather had been qadi (judge) of Sidonia and his father was qadi of Toledo until he died in 1057 when Ṣāʿid succeeded him.
The early biographers
While qāḍi of Toledo under Governor Yaḥyā al-Qādir, he continued this work and produced several scholarly works that contributed to the Toledan Tables.[1] He taught and directed astronomical research to a group of young scholars, precision-instrument-makers, astronomers and scientists – including the renowned al-Zarqali – and encouraged them to invent. Their research also contributed to the Toledan Tables.[6]
Works
- Iṣlāh Ḥarakāt an-Najūn (اصلاح حركات النجوم) on the correction of earlier astronomical tables;[1]
- Jawāmiʿ akhbār al‐umam min al‐Arab wa‐l Ajam (جوامع أخبار الأمم من العرب والعجم; 'Universal History of Nations – Arab and Non‐Arab')[n 1]
- Ṭabaqāt al-‘Umam (طبقات الأمم), a classification of the sciences and of the nations (The only extant work), written in 1068 two years before his death.
- Rectification of Planetary Motions and Exposition of Observers' Errors; An astronomical treatise.
- Maqālāt ahl al‐milal wa-l-nihal (مقالات أهل الملل والنحل; 'Doctrines of the Adherents of Sects and Schools'),[7]
- Kitāb al-Qāsī (كتاب القاصى), 'Book of Minor'[n 2][8]
Tabaqāt al-ʼUmam (Categories of Nations)
The Ṭabaqāt al-ʼUmam (Tabaqāt) composed in 1068 is an early "history of science"
The Ṭabaqāt al-ʼUmam has been transcribed and translated into many different languages in many periods and cultures. The original document is not extant and discrepancies in the translations creates problems for historians, including variations in the title of the book.[9] Discrepancies in the content of the editions appear with some versions omitting words, sentences, paragraphs or entire sections. Some omissions or variations may have arisen through scribal error, or difficulties of direct translation, while others arose, perhaps deliberately, out of the political, religious, or nationalistic sensibilities of the translators.
Notes
- ^ These three titles on history and astronomy are mentioned among his works in Tabaqāt.
- ^ Mentioned by al-Qifṭī in the account of the astronomer al-Battānī in his Ta’rīkh al-Ḥukamā’ .
- ^ Ṣāʿid singles out Aristotle for particular praise saying of him: "No one can object if Allāh/Assembled the world in one individual".[10]
References
- ^ a b c d Khan, M.S. (17 August 1995). "Tabaqat Al-Umam of Qadi Sa-id Al-Andalusi (1029-1070)" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 30: 2–4.
- ISBN 9781402045592.
- ^ Martinez-Gros, Gabriel, ed. (1995). "Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī". The Encyclopedia of Islam (New Edition). Vol. VIII. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 867–8.
- ISBN 978-1-4020-4559-2.
As his name indicates, he was a member of the tribe of Taghlib, one of the largest tribes of Arabia.
- ^ Khan, M.S. (17 August 1995). "Tabaqat Al-Umam of Qadi Sa-id Al-Andalusi (1029-1070)" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 30: 2–4.
- OCLC 26673949.
- ^ Richter‐Bernburg, Lutz (2007). "Ṣāʿid al‐Andalusī: Abū al‐Qāsim Ṣāʿid ibn abī al‐Walīd Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al‐Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṣāʿid al‐Taghlibī al‐Qurṭubī". In Thomas Hockey; et al. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. pp. 1005–6.
- ^ Qifṭī 1903, p. 280.
- ^ OCLC 23385017.
- ^ JSTOR 545654.
Bibliography
- Andalusí (al-), Said (1991). Science in the Medieval World: "Book of the Categories of Nations. Translated by Sema'an I. Salem; Alok Kumar. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-71139-5.
- Andalusī (al-), Ṣā'id ibn Aḥmad (1912). Cheikho, Louis (ed.). Kitāb Ṭabaqāt al-'Umam (in Arabic). Bayrūt: al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kāthūlīkīyah.
- Andalusī (al-), Ṣā'id ibn Aḥmad (2000). Llavero Ruiz, Eloísa; Martínez Lorca, Andrés (eds.). Historia de la filosofía y de las ciencias o Libro de las categorías de las naciones (Kitāb Ṭabaqāt al-'Umam) (in Spanish). Madrid: Trotta, D.L. OCLC 803658443.
- Andalusī (al-), Ṣā'id ibn Aḥmad (1999). Maíllo Salgado, Felipe (ed.). Libro de las categorías de las naciones : vislumbres desde el Islam clásico sobre la filosofía y la ciencia (in Spanish). OCLC 1024023889.
- Andalusī (al-), Ṣā'id ibn Aḥmad (1996). Kumar, Alok; I Salem, Semaan (eds.). Science in the medieval world: "Book of the categories of nations". Austin: University of Texas Press. OCLC 911294124.
- Andalusī (al-), Ṣā'id ibn Aḥmad (1999). OCLC 912195495.
- Andalusī (al-), Ṣā'id ibn Aḥmad (1975). Khan, M Saber (ed.). India in Hispano-Arabic literature: an eleventh century Hispano-Arabic source for ancient Indian sciences and culture. Calcutta: N. I.
- Ibn Bashkuwāl, ibn ʻAbd al-Malik (1966). Kitāb al-ṣilah (in Arabic). Cairo: al-Dār al-Miṣrīyah lil-Taʼlīf wa-al-Tarjamah. p. 321.
- Ibn ʻAmīrah, Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyá (1967), Bughyat al-multamis fī tārīkh rijāl ahl al-Andalus, Turāthunā Maktabah al-Andalusīyah (in Arabic), al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Kātib al-ʻArabī
- Joshua, Finkel (1927). An eleventh century source for the history of Jewish scientists in Mohammedan land (Ibn Ṣāʻid) (Microfilm ed.). Philadelphia: Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning.
- Qifṭī, Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Yūsuf (1903). Lippert, Julius (ed.). Ta'rīkh al-Ḥukamā' (in Arabic). Leipzig: Theodor Weicher.
- Ṣafadī (al-), Khalīl ibn Aybak (1962). Kitāb al-wāfī bi-al-wafayāt (in Arabic). Vol. 17. Wiesbaden: In Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 135.
- Sa`id al-Andalusi (1 March 1996). Science in the Medieval World ('Tabaqat al-'Umam'). Translated by Sema`an I. Salem; Alok Kumar. ISBN 978-0-292-70469-5.
- Ṣāʻid al-Andalusī (1935). Livre des catégories des nations. Régis Blachère (trans.). Larose Éditions.
External links
- Richter‐Bernburg, Lutz (2007). "Ṣāʿid al‐Andalusī: Abū al‐Qāsim Ṣāʿid ibn abī al‐Walīd Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al‐Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṣāʿid al‐Taghlibī al‐Qurṭubī". In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. pp. 1005–6. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. (PDF version)