Smokeless tobacco keratosis
Smokeless tobacco keratosis | |
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Other names | Snuff dippers' keratosis,[1] smokeless tobacco-associated keratosis,[2] snuff pouch,[3] snuff dipper's lesion,[3] tobacco pouch keratosis,[3] spit tobacco keratosis[3] |
Specialty | Dentistry |
Smokeless tobacco keratosis (STK)
There are many types of smokeless tobacco.
Signs and symptoms
STK typically occurs in the buccal sulcus (inside the cheek) or the labial sulcus (between the lips and the teeth) and corresponds to the site where the tobacco is held in the mouth.[6] It is painless.[7]
The appearance of the lesion is variable depending upon the type of tobacco used, and the frequency and duration of use.[6] It takes about 1-5 years of smokeless tobacco use for the lesion to appear.[7] Early lesions may appear as thin, translucent and granular or wrinkled mucosa.[2][6] The later lesion may appear thicker, more opaquely white and hyperkeratotic with fissures and folds.[6][2] Oral snuff causes more pronounced changes in the oral mucosa than tobacco chewing.[1] Snuff dipping is associated more with verrucous keratosis.[1]
As well as the white changes of the oral mucosa, there may be gingival recession (receding gums) and staining of tooth roots in the area where the tobacco is held.[7]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on the history and clinical appearance. The
Treatment
Apart from stopping the habit, no other treatment is indicated.
Prognosis
Usually this lesion is reversible if the tobacco habit is stopped completely,
Smokeless tobacco use is also accompanied by increased risk of other oral conditions such as
Epidemiology
STK is extremely common among smokeless tobacco users.[8] Given the association with smokeless tobacco use, this condition tends to occur in adults.[1] A national USA survey estimated an overall prevalence of 1.5% of all types of smokeless tobacco lesions, with males affected more commonly than females.[3]
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7020-4948-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-323-29130-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4377-2197-3.
- ^ PMID 21093622.
- ISBN 978-1-60795-015-8.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-60406-485-8.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-13-161371-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-59756-783-1.