Necrotizing periodontal diseases

Necrotizing periodontal diseases is one of the three categories of

Necrotizing gingivitis, is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums. If improperly treated necrotizing may become chronic and/or recurrent. In developed countries, necrotizing gingivitis occurs mostly in young adults with predisposing factors such as psychological stress, sleep deprivation, poor oral hygiene, smoking, immunosuppression and/or

Progression of NP into tissue beyond the mucogingival junction characterizes necrotizing stomatitis. Atypical case reports describe NS development without prior NPD lesions.^[1]

Noma

Noma (also termed cancrum oris) is a necrotizing and destructive infection of the mouth and face, and therefore not strictly speaking a periodontal disease. In modern times, this condition usually occurs in malnourished children in developing countries. It may be disfiguring and is frequently fatal. It has been suggested that all cases of noma develop from pre-existing NG, but this is not confirmed. Furthermore, the vast majority of cases of NG and NP will not progress to the more severe forms, even without treatment.

Vincent's angina

Strictly speaking, Vincent's angina is not a necrotizing periodontal disease. However, Vincent's angina is widely confused with necrotizing gingivitis (previously also called "Vincent's gingivitis"). Vincent's angina is tonsillitis and pharyngitis,^[3] and does not typically involve the gums. Many publications using the term "Vincent's angina" date from the twentieth century, and the term is not so common in modern times. The condition is named after Jean Hyacinthe Vincent, a French physician who was working at the Paris Pasteur Institute. Vincent described a fusospirochetal infection of the pharynx and palatine tonsils, causing "ulcero-membranous pharyngitis and tonsillitis",^[4] which later became known as Vincent's angina. Later in 1904, Vincent described the same pathogenic organisms in "ulceronecrotic gingivitis".

Nomenclature

The necrotizing periodontal diseases used to include the words "acute" and "ulcerative" in their names (e.g., "necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis"). Neither term is included in the AAP/EFP 2017 World Workshop classification on Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases.

References