Solute carrier family

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The solute carrier (SLC) group of

TCDB database
.

Solutes that are transported by the various SLC group members are extremely diverse and include both charged and uncharged organic molecules as well as inorganic ions and the gas ammonia
.

As is typical of

transmembrane alpha helices connected to each other by hydrophilic intra- and extra-cellular loops. Depending on the SLC, these transporters are functional as either monomers or obligate homo- or hetero-oligomers. Many SLC families are members of the major facilitator superfamily
.

Scope

By convention of the nomenclature system, members within an individual SLC family have greater than 20-25% sequence identity to each other. In contrast, the homology between SLC families is very low to non-existent.[3] Hence, the criteria for inclusion of a family into the SLC group is not evolutionary relatedness to other SLC families but rather functional (i.e., an integral membrane protein that transports a solute).

The SLC group include examples of transport proteins that are:

The SLC series does not include members of transport protein families that have previously been classified by other widely accepted nomenclature systems including:

Subcellular distribution

Most members of the SLC group are located in the

intracellular organelles
.

Nomenclature system

Names of individual SLC members have the following format:[4]

where:

  • SLC is the root name (SoLute Carrier)
  • n = an integer representing a family (e.g., 1-52)
  • X = a single letter (A, B, C, ...) denoting a subfamily
  • m = an integer representing an individual family member (isoform).

For example, SLC1A1 is the first isoform of subfamily A of SLC family 1.

An exception occurs with SLC family 21[5] (the organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters), which for historical reasons have names in the format SLCOnXm where n = family number, X = subfamily letter, and m = member number.

While the

HGNC only assign nomenclature to human genes, by convention vertebrate orthologs of these genes adopt the same nomenclature (e.g., VGNC-assigned orthologs of SLC10A1). For rodents, the case of the symbols differs from other vertebrates by using title case, i.e. Slc1a1 denotes the rodent ortholog
of the human SLC1A1 gene.

Families

The following families are named under SLC:[6]

  1. high-affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter[7]
  2. facilitative GLUT transporter[8]
  3. heavy subunits of
    heterodimeric amino acid transporters[9]
    • (
      SLC3A2
      )
  4. bicarbonate transporter[10]
    • (
      SLC4A11
      )
  5. sodium glucose cotransporter[11]
  6. sodium:neurotransmitter symporters[12]
  7. cationic amino acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated[13]
    • SLC7A4
      )
    • glycoprotein-associated/light or catalytic subunits of
      SLC7A11, SLC7A13, SLC7A14
      )
  8. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger[14]
  9. Na+/H+ exchanger[15]
  10. sodium bile salt cotransport[16]
    • (
      SLC10A7
      )
  11. proton coupled metal ion transporter[17]
    • (
      SLC11A2
      )
  12. electroneutral cation-Cl cotransporter[18]
  13. Na+-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter[19]
  14. urea transporter[20]
    • (
      SLC14A2
      )
  15. proton oligopeptide cotransporter[21]
  16. monocarboxylate transporter[22]
  17. vesicular glutamate transporter[23]
  18. vesicular amine transporter[24]
  19. folate/thiamine transporter[25]
    • (
      SLC19A3
      )
  20. type III Na+-phosphate cotransporter[26]
  21. organic anion transporting[27]
  22. organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter[28]
  23. Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter[29]
  24. Na+/(Ca2+-K+) exchanger[30]
  25. mitochondrial carrier[31]
  26. multifunctional anion exchanger[32]
  27. fatty acid transport proteins[33]
  28. Na+-coupled nucleoside transport[34]
  29. facilitative nucleoside transporter[35]
    • (
      SLC29A4
      )
  30. zinc transporter[36]
    • (
      SLC30A10
      )
  31. copper transporter[37]
    • (
      SLC31A2
      )
  32. vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter[38]
    • (
      SLC32A1
      )
  33. Acetyl-CoA transporter[39]
    • (
      SLC33A1
      )
  34. type II Na+-phosphate cotransporter[40]
    • (
      SLC34A3
      )
  35. nucleotide-sugar transporter[41]
  36. proton-coupled amino acid transporter[42]
  37. sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger[43]
    • (
      SLC37A4
      )
  38. System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter[44]
  39. metal ion transporter[45]
  40. basolateral iron transporter[46]
  41. MgtE-like magnesium transporter
  42. Ammonia transporter[47][48]
  43. Na+-independent, system-L like amino acid transporter
  44. Choline-like transporter
  45. Putative sugar transporter
  46. Folate transporter
  47. multidrug and toxin extrusion
    • (
      SLC47A2
      )
  48. Heme transporter family
    • (SLC48A1)
  49. Heme transporter
  50. Sugar efflux transporters of the SWEET family
    • (
      SLC50A1
      )
  51. Transporters of steroid-derived molecules
    • (
      SLC51B
      )
  52. Riboflavin transporter family RFVT/SLC52
  53. Phosphate carriers
  54. Mitochondrial pyruvate carriers
  55. Mitochondrial cation/proton exchangers
  56. Sideroflexins
  57. NiPA-like magnesium transporter family
  58. MagT-like magnesium transporter family
  59. Sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine symporter family
  60. Glucose transporters
  61. Molybdate transporter family
  62. Pyrophosphate transporters
  63. Sphingosine-phosphate transporters
  64. Golgi Ca2+/H+ exchangers
  65. NPC-type cholesterol transporters
  66. Cationic amino acid exporters

Putative SLCs

Putative MFS Transporter Families (AMTF).[49]

All the putative SLCs are plausible SLC transporters. Some are only "atypical" when it comes to their nomenclature; the genes have an SLC assignment but as an alias, and have retained their already assigned "non-SLC" gene symbol as the approved symbol.

Here are some Putative SLCs listed:

MFSD9,[51] MFSD10, MFSD11,[52] MFSD12, MFSD13A, MFSD14A,[53] MFSD14B,[53] UNC93A[54][55] and UNC93B1
.

References

  1. S2CID 1866661
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 27939446
    .
  3. PMID 21186191
    .
  4. PMID 23506860
    .
  5. PMID 19164095
    .
  6. ^ "SLCtables". slc.bioparadigms.org. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  7. S2CID 21564906
    .
  8. S2CID 25539725
    .
  9. S2CID 25808108
    .
  10. S2CID 40609789
    .
  11. S2CID 41985805
    .
  12. S2CID 34991320
    .
  13. S2CID 11670040
    .
  14. S2CID 26502273
    .
  15. S2CID 5691463
    .
  16. S2CID 35115446
    .
  17. S2CID 7439663
    .
  18. S2CID 21998913
    .
  19. S2CID 7609066
    .
  20. S2CID 21071284
    .
  21. S2CID 22369521
    .
  22. S2CID 15498611
    .
  23. S2CID 9680597
    .
  24. S2CID 20764857
    .
  25. S2CID 7410075
    .
  26. S2CID 7737512
    .
  27. S2CID 21837213
    .
  28. S2CID 30419152
    .
  29. S2CID 13018443
    .
  30. S2CID 37553960
    .
  31. S2CID 25304722
    .
  32. S2CID 20302398
    .
  33. S2CID 2769738
    .
  34. S2CID 24749954
    .
  35. S2CID 8817821
    .
  36. S2CID 725350
    .
  37. S2CID 23340930
    .
  38. S2CID 24669893
    .
  39. S2CID 21247182
    .
  40. S2CID 34041192
    .
  41. S2CID 8690030
    .
  42. S2CID 25655241
    .
  43. S2CID 24776306
    .
  44. S2CID 35457147
    .
  45. S2CID 11765308
    .
  46. S2CID 27340247
    .
  47. S2CID 24601165
    .
  48. PMID 20851859
    .
  49. ^
    PMID 28878041
    .
  50. ^
    PMID 27981419
    .
  51. ^
    PMID 29049335
    .
  52. ^
    PMID 27272503
    .
  53. ^
    PMID 28179877
    .
  54. PMID 29163028
    .
  55. PMID 33163493
    .

SLC Tables. SLCtables

External links

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