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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
<ref>[http://kannada.seeandsay.in/tulunadu-kn/mangaluru-kn/6053-2016-01-09-06-17-19 ಮಂಗಳೂರು: ಕಂಬಳಕ್ಕೆ ಸೈ ಎಂದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಸರಕಾರ]</ref>
<ref>[http://kannada.seeandsay.in/tulunadu-kn/mangaluru-kn/6053-2016-01-09-06-17-19 ಮಂಗಳೂರು: ಕಂಬಳಕ್ಕೆ ಸೈ ಎಂದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಸರಕಾರ]</ref>
13. http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=401890&newstype=local
13. https://web.archive.org/web/20131110115300/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=401890&newstype=local


==External links==
==External links==
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* [http://blog.akshathkumarshetty.com/2008/06/22/kambala/ A photo documentary on Kambala]
* [http://blog.akshathkumarshetty.com/2008/06/22/kambala/ A photo documentary on Kambala]
* [http://dineshhegde.wordpress.com/2011/04/07/kambala-the-race-of-the-buffaloes/ Modbidri Kambala]
* [http://dineshhegde.wordpress.com/2011/04/07/kambala-the-race-of-the-buffaloes/ Modbidri Kambala]
* [http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=401890&newstype=local Bola Chittaranjandas Shetty]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131110115300/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=401890&newstype=local Bola Chittaranjandas Shetty]


{{Culture of Tulunadu}}
{{Culture of Tulunadu}}

Revision as of 15:47, 5 December 2017

For the school in Australia, see Kambala School.

Famed Kambala Race of Kadri, Mangalore
A Kambala Race at Pilikula Nisargadhama

Kambala (

Tuluva landlords and households in the coastal district's of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi of Karnataka India which is termed under single region known as Tulu Nadu
. The Kambala season generally starts in November and lasts till March. Of late, Kambala Samithis are formed to arranged Kambala in a systematice way and 18 kambalas are being held under the banner of Kambala Samithi (Kambala Association). Currently, more than 45 races are held annually in Coastal Karnataka, including smaller remote villages like Vandaru, Gulvadi etc.

Kambala, race at Vandaru village, Udupi dist., India

Format

Puttur Koti - Chennaya Kambula

Kambala is traditionally a simple sport which essentially, to entertain rural people of the area.[1] The 'track' used for Kambala is a slushy paddy field.[2] The contest generally takes place between two pairs of buffaloes, each pair race in wet rice fields, controlled by a whip-lashing farmer.[3] Historically, the winning pair of buffaloes was rewarded with coconuts and bananas. Today, gold coins, silver coins are given;[4] in some competitions, cash award is also popular. Some organising committees award eight gram gold coin as first prize.[5] However, Kambala today has become an organised rural sport, with elaborate planning and scheduling to accommodate competietions at different places.[6] The "Kambala Committee" is formed and arranges races in several categories like Kane Halage, Hagga Hiriya, Hagga Kiriya,[6] Halage, Adda Halage[5] etc. People place massive bets on the buffaloes to win and one can witness more than 20,000 spectators in a well-organised Kambala, egging on and cheering the buffaloes to complete the race.

In traditional form of Kambala, racing is non-competitive, and the pair run one by one in paddy fields. A ritualistic approach is also there, as some agriculturists race their buffaloes for thanks giving for protecting their animals from diseases.(e.g.in Vandaru,Choradi villages)

Innovations are made in conducting kambala race and in some places day and night races are arranged under floodlights.[5]

Kadri kambala

Kadri Kambala used to be held at Kadri, Mangalore and it is called Devara Kambala (God's kambala) as it is associated with Sri Manjunatha Temple, Kadri, Mangalore.[6] This event was patronised by Alupa kings of Mangalore who were the rulers 300 years ago and for this reason, Kadri kambala is also known as Arasu kambala (king's kambala).[6]

Care for buffaloes

The buffaloes developed for the race are carefully fed and some owners of the buffaloes have even built separate swimming pool for competing buffaloes.[7]

Opposition by animal lovers

Kambala has been criticised by animal lovers as they perpetuate cruelty[8] due to the use of whips on the racing buffaloes. Noted animal-rights activist, Mrs. Maneka Gandhi has expressed serious concerns about the ill treatment of buffaloes during the race. Kambala organisers, on their part, contend that if whips are not used on the buffaloes, they may not run with speed in the race. Government officials are advising the riders to be gentle on buffaloes and avoid using whips during the race.[8] Kambala still continues to draw rural crowd, as it used to draw large crowd, traditionally since last three hundred years.[9]

Supreme Court Ban

In 2014, based on lawsuits filed by animal welfare organizations, the Supreme Court of India ordered a ban on Kambala and Jallikattu (Kambala and jallikattu are different by principle. Kambala is buffalo racing where as jallikattu is bull taming where a group of people try to hold on to the bull and win). There has been a request to remove this ban on Kambala, following a government order to remove the ban on Jallikattu in January 2017.[10]

Legalization

On July 3, 2017, Pranab Mukherjee, the President of India approved the promulgation of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Karnataka Amendment) Ordinance, 2017[11] and the festival Kambala has been legalized in Karnataka.[12]

Kambala Schedule

Town/Village Taluk Date of Kambala Appx. pairs Image Remakrs Kadri[2] Mangalore December Famed Kambala Race of Kadri, Mangalore Competitive race:Much famed
Vandaru
Kundapura
 December 300 Kambala, he-buffaloe race at Vandaru village, Udupi dist.,India Non competitive race
Pilikula[4] Mangalore December/January 150[13] A Kambala Race at Pilikula Nisargadhama Competitive race
Choradi
Kundapura
 December 150 Non competitive rural sport
Gulvadi
Kundapura
 December 200 Non competitive rural sport
Baradi beedu Karkala December
Venur Permuda Belthangadi December
Moodabidri Mangalore December
Miyyaru Karkala January
Katapadi beedu Udupi January
Aikala Bava Mangalore February
Adve, Nandikur Udupi January
Pajir Bantwala February
Yeedu Karkala February
Puttur Puttur March
Jappina Mogaru[5] Mangalore March[5] 150[5]
Uppinangadi
 Puttur March
Bangadi Kolli Belthangadi March
Thalapady
Panjala 		Mangalore March/April
Althar Udupi March/April
Parika Aramane Udupi Nov/Dec
Hokkadi goli Bantwala December
Handadi Udupi December
Vaddambettu[14] Udupi December[14]
Ajri[15] Udupi December
Mulki seeme Mangalore December

Manday Horvara Mane Kambala December

References

  1. ISBN 9788183240260. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  2. ^ a b "Kadri comes alive with 'Kambala', fair". The Hindu. 13 December 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  3. ISBN 9780673363596. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  4. ^ a b "Kambala". The Hindu. 26 December 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Day and night kambala in Jeppinamogaru on March 19". The Hindu. 16 March 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d "All set for Kambala season from tomorrow". The Hindu. 5 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  7. ^ "Chill-out zone for buffaloes". The Hindu. 18 September 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  8. ^ a b "Pilikula Nisargadhama plays host to Kambala". The Hindu. 10 January 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  9. ^ "Kadri Kambala witnesses confluence of Tulu culture". Deccan Herald. 2 December 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  10. ^ "Jallikattu Back, Why Not Kambala, Asks Karnataka. Protests Begin". NDTV.com.
  11. ^ Ravi, Anusha (3 July 2017). "Kambala is now legal in Karnataka, President promulgates ordinance". Oneindia.
  12. ^ Kumar, Ganesh; Udayakumar, Radha (3 July 2017). "President Mukherjee approves ordinance allowing the conduct of kambala in Karnataka". India Today.
  13. ^ "Grandeur marks Pilikula Kambala". The Hindu. 22 December 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  14. ^ a b "Federation says Koraga people made to beat drums during kambala". 15 December 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  15. ^ "Ajri Kambala". Kundaprabha (weekly). 4 December 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.

[1] 

13. https://web.archive.org/web/20131110115300/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=401890&newstype=local

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kambala.
  1. ^ ಮಂಗಳೂರು: ಕಂಬಳಕ್ಕೆ ಸೈ ಎಂದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಸರಕಾರ
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