Medical college in India: Difference between revisions
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! S.No !! State/Union Territory !! Number of Colleges offering MBBS<ref>http://mciindia.org/InformationDesk/MedicalCollegeHospitals/ListofCollegesTeachingMBBS.aspx</ref>!! State-run Colleges !! Private Colleges !! Govt. college seats !! Private College Seats !! Total no. of seats |
! S.No !! State/Union Territory !! Number of Colleges offering MBBS<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mciindia.org/InformationDesk/MedicalCollegeHospitals/ListofCollegesTeachingMBBS.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-06-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513061710/http://www.mciindia.org/InformationDesk/MedicalCollegeHospitals/ListofCollegesTeachingMBBS.aspx |archivedate=13 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>!! State-run Colleges !! Private Colleges !! Govt. college seats !! Private College Seats !! Total no. of seats |
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| 1 || [[Andhra Pradesh]] || 27 || 12 || 15 || 1900 || 1900 || 3800 |
| 1 || [[Andhra Pradesh]] || 27 || 12 || 15 || 1900 || 1900 || 3800 |
Revision as of 08:09, 24 January 2018
![]() | This article needs to be updated.(May 2016) |
In India, a medical college is an educational institution that provides medical education. These institutions may vary from stand-alone colleges that train doctors to conglomerates that offer training related in all aspects of medical care. term is synonymous with "medical school" as used in the USA and some other countries.
Recognition
Indian law requires these institutions to be recognised by the Medical Council of India.[1] The Indian government keeps an updated list of these approved medical colleges.[2]
Graduation courses
Prospective students for an undergraduate course leading towards a
Admission process
Traditionally, admission criteria differed from one part of the country to another and even from Institution to Institution. For example, applicants should be undergraduates when they apply to American universities while they pursue bachelor's degrees when they apply to China medical colleges.[citation needed] The whole admission process is under a major reform with ongoing court cases from parties against it. In general, admission was based on one of the following:
- Marks obtained in the competitive examinations conducted at central level (NEET)
- Marks obtained in the final examinations of Std. XII.
- Donation/Management based seats.
Similarly for Post-graduate degrees and diplomas (residencies) the competitive examinations conducted at central (NEET) level forms the basis for admission or donation based seats. Specific institutions may also require a personal interview of the candidate but this is more in cases of sub-specialty courses.
These donation based seats have come under heavy criticism because this makes effectively India the only country that authorises, as official policy, the sale of medical seats by private medical colleges, implicitly accepting the principle that the ability to pay, and not merit, is what counts. These illegal capitation fees range from Rs.50 lakh to Rs.1 crore for a MBBS seat.[3] But medical colleges in states like Kerala, require minimum marks / ranks in their respective competitive entrance exams even for the management seats.
In order to reduce stress of multiple examinations and ensuring minimum competence and importantly with the purpose to weed out corruption in medical education across the country
NEET-UG (Undergraduate), for MBBS and BDS courses, was conducted in 2013 by the
On 18 July 2013 the Indian Supreme Court struck down the NEET exam with a 2:1 decision. The Medical Council of India has appealed for a review in August 2013, in may of 2016 supreme court of India cancelled all medical exams and neet ug and neet pg becomes an only way to get admission in almost all medical colleges of India
Postgraduate
Similarly for Post graduation courses (residencies), the
Foreign nationals
Apart from
Students seeking admission to the reserved seats are required to apply through the Indian missions abroad or through the diplomatic missions of the respective countries in India. The Indian Embassy or
Its important to note that foreign nationals wishing to take seats through NRI quota should still qualify through NEET (at least for all government colleges) and seats will be allotted on merit in that quota from all the NRI candidates eligible.[12] The fee structure for NRI candidates is also different.
Courses offered
MBBS
A medical college offers graduate degree
The MBBS course starts with the basic pre and para-clinical subjects such as biochemistry, physiology, anatomy, microbiology, pathology and pharmacology. The students simultaneously obtain hands-on training in the wards and out-patient departments, where they interact with real patients for five long years. The curriculum aims to inculcate standard protocols of history taking, examination, differential diagnosis and Complete patient Management. The student is taught to determine what investigations will be useful for a patient and what are the best treatment options. The curriculum also contains a thorough practical knowledge and practice of performing standard clinical procedures. The course also contains a 12-month-long internship, in which an intern is rotated across various specialties. Besides standard clinical care, one also gets a thorough experience of ward management, staff management and thorough counselling skills.
The degree awarded is "Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery". The minimum requirements for the MBBS course are 50% marks in physics, chemistry, biology and English in the '10+2' examinations. For reserved category students the requirement is 40%. MBBS admissions are not centralised. The admission requirements differ across universities. Generally, students who attain higher marks in the qualifying examinations and in the Medical Entrance examinations conducted by various agencies are accepted onto the MBBS course.
Entrance examinations are conducted by the following agencies
- AIIMSEntrance Exams – All India Institute of Medical Science Entrance Exam
- NEET - National Eligibility cum Entrance Test
- JIPMER– Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research
Postgraduate courses
All the major colleges also have Postgraduate
, Physiology etc. Degree courses are of 3 years duration while diploma courses are of 2 years duration. Following post-graduation, students can opt for further super-specialization in their area of interest by opting for courses called DM or DNB (Doctorate of Medicine), or MCh or DNB (Master of Chirurgery/Surgery) again of three years duration.An MD or a DNB (general medicine or paediatrics) is the basic requirement for specialisation in Cardiology, Nephrology, Neonatology, Gastro-enterology, Neurology except for Clinical Hematology (Pathology or general medicine), etc., while an MS or a DNB (general surgery, ENT or Orthopaedic surgery) is the basic requirement for Neurosurgery, Urology, Cardio-thoracic & Vascular Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Paediatric Surgery, Plastic Surgery, etc.
Family medicine has now become an area of priority in India, and many teaching hospitals offer DNB (Family Medicine).
List of states by number of medical colleges (2016)
28S.No | State/Union Territory | Number of Colleges offering MBBS[13] | State-run Colleges | Private Colleges | Govt. college seats | Private College Seats | Total no. of seats |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Andhra Pradesh | 27 | 12 | 15 | 1900 | 1900 | 3800 |
2 | Assam | 6 | 6 | 0 | 726 | 0 | 726 |
3 | Bihar | 11 | 7 | 4 | 540 | 369 | 909 |
4 | Chandigarh | 1 | 1 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 50 |
5 | Chhattisgarh | 9 | 6 | 3 | 500 | 300 | 800 |
6 | Delhi | 7 | 5 | 2 | 800 | 200 | 1000 |
7 | Goa | 1 | 1 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 150 |
8 | Gujarat | 22 | 9 | 13 | 1530 | 1400 | 2930 |
9 | Haryana | 6 | 2 | 4 | 300 | 400 | 700 |
10 | Himachal Pradesh | 2 | 2 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 200 |
11 | Jammu and Kashmir | 4 | 3 | 1 | 400 | ||
12 | Jharkhand | 3 | 3 | 0 | 250 | 0 | 250 |
13 | Karnataka | 43 | 11 | 32 | 1350 | 4655 | 6005 |
14 | Kerala | 24 | 6 | 18 | 1000 | 1850 | 2850 |
15 | Madhya Pradesh | 11 | 5 | 6 | 660 | 900 | 1560 |
16 | Maharashtra | 43 | 19 | 24 | 2200 | 2995 | 5195 |
17 | Manipur | 2 | 2 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 200 |
18 | Odisha | 6 | 3 | 3 | 650 | 300 | 850 |
19 | Puducherry | 9 | 2 | 7 | 225 | 900 | 1125 |
20 | Punjab | 9 | 3 | 6 | 350 | 645 | 995 |
21 | Rajasthan | 10 | 7 | 3 | 900 | 400 | 1300 |
22 | Sikkim | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 100 |
23 | Tamil Nadu | 42 | 19 | 20 | 2205 | 2850 | 5055 |
24 | Telangana | 24 | 7 | 17 | 1050 | 2500 | 3050 |
25 | Tripura | 2 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 200 |
26 | Uttar Pradesh | 27 | 12 | 15 | 1449 | 1800 | 3249 |
27 | Uttarakhand | 4 | 2 | 2 | 200 | 250 | 450 |
28 | West Bengal | 14 | 13 | 2 | 1650 | 300 | 1950 |
SI | South India | 154 | 52 | 102 | 6830 | 13705 | 20535 |
WI | West India |
77 | 34 | 43 | 4540 | 5295 | 9835 |
NI | North India | 70 | 37 | 33 | 4499 | 3745 | 8244 |
EI | East India | 47 | 37 | 10 | 4116 | 1010 | 5026 |
T | Total | 348 | 160 | 188 | 19985 | 23755 | 43640. |
Other health care courses in India
They include
- B.A.M.S., Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine & surgery followed by M.D.
- B.N.Y.S., Bachelor of Naturopathy & Yogic Sciences followed by M.D.[14]
- B.U.M.S., Bachelor of Unani Medine and Surgery followed by M.D. (See List of Unani Medical Colleges in India)
- B.S.M.S., Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery followed by M.D.
- B.H.M.S., Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine & Surgery followed by M.D.
Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha Homeopathy are collectively called as
- MSc Nursing
- BSc Medical Lab Technology
- B.Pharm, M.Pharm. PharmD, PhD
- B.P.T, M.P.T, PhD (Physiotherapy)
- [B.D.S], M.D.S [(Dental Surgery)]
- [B.O.T] [Occupational Therap]
- BSc [Speech Therapy]
- Bsc ( neurology)
MBBS
Professionals holding MBBS, BDS, BAMS BNYS, BUMS, BSMS, BHMS, BEMS, Degrees are referred to by the title of "Doctor" and use the prefix "Dr".
I (First) MBBS
The pre-clinical course consists of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, and these are the basic subjects of medical students and it lasts for a year. Prior to 1997 the I MBBS consisted of 1½ years, but this was trimmed to make more time available for clinical exposure. Passing the I MBBS final examination is mandatory to proceed with the course. A candidate failing the first MBBS examination is detained until all the 1st MBBS subjects are cleared. However the MCI has changed this in regulations on graduate medical education 2012. In many universities if one does not clear a subject that student will get into an intermediate batch. It is a severe drawback. Morning session usually consist of an Anatomy lecture followed by dissection, except for one day when a class in biostatistics may be taken. Afternoon sessions consist of a theory class followed by laboratory work in Physiology or Biochemistry or it may be histology branch of anatomy.
II (Second) MBBS
III (Final) MBBS – Part I
Part I consists of one year, where Social and Preventive Medicine (
IV (Final) MBBS – Part II
One year of focused training in the four basic clinical subjects, namely: Medicine, Surgery (incl. Orthopaedics), Paediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology. On passing the final MBBS examination, a candidate is awarded provisional registration by the MCI or the State medical council and can start the
Internship and Residency
After successful completion of the MBBS course, one has to compulsorily work in the hospital attached to the
The Internship is different from House Officership (which may follow Internship), as understood in UK and other countries. The latter is not a compulsory tenure. The House Physician or House Surgeon unlike an Intern, works in a particular department of his or her choice and is paid a monthly 'salary' for his work in the hospital (especially, in the UK). The American counterpart is simply called a "Resident" (i.e., a Resident Physician or a Resident Surgeon).
Post internship, some graduates may choose to work in different medical specialities and are often referred to as House Officers or House Physicians or House Surgeons. This is different from a post graduate training and does not lead to award of a degree. A doctor undergoing higher speciality training is referred to as a "Post Graduate Trainee" or simply a PGT. House Physicians, PGTs and interns are also called junior doctors across Indian hospitals. PGTs and House Officers are sometimes referred to as Junior Residents. After completion of post graduation, doctors may enter sub speciality training and are then known as "post doctoral trainees" or simply PDTs. They are also called as senior residents at some institutes.
Work Hours
The entire period of residency in India can be very demanding, both physically and psychologically. The Maharashtra Association of Resident Doctors (Mard) had filed a compliant with the Maharashtra Human Rights Commission (MHRC) regarding resident doctors being made to work for more than 30 hours at a stretch.[15] There have been instances of doctor suicides due to stress and burnout.[16] Premier Institutes have been criticised for lack of hygienic food supply to resident doctors and their shabby living conditions.[17]
Postgraduate courses
Subject | Degree | Diploma |
---|---|---|
Anaesthesia | M.D./DNB | DA |
Anatomy: | MD/DNB/MSc(Medical) | Not Applicable |
Biochemistry | MD/DNB/MSc(Medical) | Not Applicable |
Community Medicine/PSM | MD/DNB | DCM/DPH |
Dermatology | MD/DNB | DDVL/DVD |
ENT | MS/DNB | DLO |
Family Medicine | MD/DNB | Not applicable |
Forensic Medicine | MS/DNB | DFM |
General Medicine | MD/DNB | Not applicable |
General Surgery | MS/DNB | Not applicable |
Microbiology | MD/DNB/MSc(Medical) | Not applicable |
Nuclear Medicine | MD/DNB | DRM |
Orthopaedics | MS/DNB | D Ortho |
Ophthalmology | MS/DNB | DO/DOMS |
Obs & Gynaecology | MS/DNB | DGO |
Palliative Medicine | MD | NA |
Pathology | MD/DNB | DCP |
Pharmacology | MD/DNB/MSc(Medical) | Not applicable |
Physiology | MD/DNB/MSc(Medical) | Not applicable |
Paediatrics | MD/DNB | DCH |
Psychiatry | MD/DNB | DPM |
Pulmonology | MD/DNB | DTCD |
Radiodiagnosis | MD/DNB | DMRD |
Radiotherapy | MD/DNB | DMRT |
Tropical Medicine | MD | DTMH |
References
- ^ Medical Council of India: Home Page
- ^ STATUS OF MEDICAL COLLEGES FOR ADMISSION FOR THE ACADEMIC SESSION 2007–08
- ^ Rao, Sujatha (26 June 2013). "Doctors by merit, not privilege". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 11 July 2013.
{{cite news}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Medical Council of India (March 2011). Prof S.K. Sarin (ed.). Vision 2015 (PDF). Medical Council of India. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
- ^ "National Eligibility cum Entrance Test - NEET UG, 2013". Central Board of Secondary Education.
- ^ "National Eligibility cum Entrance Test - NEET UG, 2013 Results". Central Board of Secondary Education.
- ^ himanshu (5 June 2013). "CBSE NEET UG 2013 results announced, 3 lakh Students qualified but the irony is that the NEET UG 2013 has been quashed by supreme court bench headed by judje kabir almtas". One India. Archived from the original on 11 July 2013.
{{cite news}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ himanshu (6 May 2013). "Medical entrance exam NEET UG 2013 held Smoothly". One India. Archived from the original on 11 July 2013.
{{cite news}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "NEET PG results out, counselling to follow". The Times of India. TNN. 18 May 2013. Archived from the original on 11 July 2013.
{{cite news}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "AIIMS: Admission Guidelines". AIIMS. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
- ^ "BHU: ADMISSION PROCEDURES". Banaras Hindu University. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
- ^ Bhalla, Sanjeev (10 July 2013). "NRI students into Medical Colleges". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 11 July 2013.
{{cite news}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ http://punenin.org/attach/BNYS.pdf
- ^ Asian Age. http://www.asianage.com/mumbai/resident-doctors-being-mentally-harassed-194
- ^ Times Of India http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Overworked-KEM-doctor-attempts-suicide-by-slitting-wrists/articleshow/48395905.cms
- ^ http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/-overworked--pgi-resident-docs-seek-better-living-conditions/612750/