Toronto Pearson International Airport: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 43°40′36″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67667°N 79.63056°W / 43.67667; -79.63056
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Content deleted Content added
Extended confirmed users
6,661 edits
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app edit
Line 189: Line 189:


===Airfield operations===
===Airfield operations===
Toronto Pearson is home to the [[Toronto Area Control Centre]], one of seven area control centres in Canada operated by [[Nav Canada]]. The airport utilizes a [[Air traffic flow management|Traffic Management Unit]] (TMU), located in the [[Airport apron|apron]] control tower at Terminal 1, to control the movement of aircraft and other airport traffic on the ground.<ref name="tmu">{{cite news| title=All Eyes on the Ground| url=https://www.thestar.com/videozone/1302476--hume-all-eyes-on-the-ground| author=Christopher Hume| work=Toronto Star| date=December 14, 2012| accessdate=January 3, 2013}}</ref> The main [[Air traffic control|air traffic control tower]] at Pearson is located within the infield operations area of the airport.
Toronto Pearson is home to the [[Toronto Area Control Centre]], one of seven area control centers in Canada operated by [[Nav Canada]]. The airport utilizes a [[Air traffic flow management|Traffic Management Unit]] (TMU), located in the [[Airport apron|apron]] control tower at Terminal 1, to control the movement of aircraft and other airport traffic on the ground.<ref name="tmu">{{cite news| title=All Eyes on the Ground| url=https://www.thestar.com/videozone/1302476--hume-all-eyes-on-the-ground| author=Christopher Hume| work=Toronto Star| date=December 14, 2012| accessdate=January 3, 2013}}</ref> The main [[Air traffic control|air traffic control tower]] at Pearson is located within the infield operations area of the airport.


[[File:Fire Rescue 5 (7854217508).jpg|thumb|right|Toronto Pearson Fire Rescue Unit 5]]
[[File:Fire Rescue 5 (7854217508).jpg|thumb|right|Toronto Pearson Fire Rescue Unit 5]]

Revision as of 22:36, 29 April 2019

Lester B. Pearson International Airport

Aéroport international Lester B. Pearson
File:Toronto Pearson Airport Logo.svg
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerTransport Canada
OperatorGreater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA)
ServesGreater Toronto
LocationMississauga, Ontario, Canada
Hub for
Focus city
for
AMSL
569 ft / 173 m
Coordinates43°40′36″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67667°N 79.63056°W / 43.67667; -79.63056
Websitewww.torontopearson.com
Maps
FAA airport diagram
FAA airport diagram
YYZ is located in Toronto
YYZ
YYZ
Location within Toronto
YYZ is located in Ontario
YYZ
YYZ
YYZ (Ontario)
YYZ is located in Canada
YYZ
YYZ
YYZ (Canada)
YYZ is located in North America
YYZ
YYZ
YYZ (North America)
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
05/23 11,120 3,389 Asphalt/Concrete
06L/24R 9,697 2,956 Asphalt
06R/24L 9,000 2,743 Asphalt
15L/33R 11,050 3,368 Asphalt
15R/33L 9,088 2,770 Asphalt
Statistics (2018)
Passengers49,507,418
Aircraft movements474,304
Sources: Canada Flight Supplement[1]
Environment Canada[2]
Transport Canada[3]
Movements from GTAA[4]
Toronto Pearson Traffic Summary[5]

Lester B. Pearson International Airport, corporately branded as Toronto Pearson International Airport (

.

Toronto Pearson is located 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi) northwest of Downtown Toronto, with the majority of the airport situated in the city of Mississauga, and a small portion of the airfield extending into Toronto's western district of Etobicoke.[9] It features five runways and two passenger terminals along with numerous cargo and maintenance facilities on a site that covers 1,867 hectares (4,613 acres).[10]

Pearson Airport is the primary hub for Air Canada.[11] It also serves as a hub for WestJet, cargo airline FedEx Express and as a base of operations for Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines. Pearson is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System,[12] and is the largest airport in the world with facilities for United States border preclearance.[13]

An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Toronto Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces of Canada.[14] As of 2019, over 75 airlines operate around 1,250 daily departures from the airport to more than 180 destinations across all six of the world's inhabited continents.[15][16][17]

History

In 1937, the Government of Canada agreed to support the building of two airports in the Toronto area. One site selected was on the Toronto Islands in Downtown Toronto, which is the present-day Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport. The other site selected was an area northwest of Toronto near the town of Malton, which was originally intended to serve as an alternate to the downtown airport but instead would become its successor.[18] The first scheduled passenger flight at the Malton Airport was a Trans-Canada Air Lines DC-3 that landed on August 29, 1939.[19]

During World War II, the Royal Canadian Air Force established a base at the airport as a component of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. RCAF Station Malton was home to several training schools and was in operation between 1940-1946.[20]

In 1958, the City of Toronto sold the Malton Airport to the Government of Canada, which subsequently changed the name of the facility to Toronto International Airport, under the management of Transport Canada.[21] The airport was officially renamed Lester B. Pearson International Airport in 1984, in honour of Toronto-born Lester B. Pearson, the fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize. The Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) assumed management, operation, and control of the airport in 1996, and has used the name Toronto Pearson International Airport for the facility since the transition.[22]

Terminals

Terminal 1 seen from the ramp

Toronto Pearson International Airport has two active public terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Both terminals are designed to handle all three sectors of travel (domestic, transborder, and international), which results in terminal operations at Pearson being grouped for airlines and airline alliances, rather than for domestic and international routes.

A third public terminal, the Infield Concourse (IFC), currently acts as an extension of Terminal 3 providing additional bridged gates.

Terminal 2 was permanently closed and demolished in 2007, replaced by an expanded Terminal 1.[23]

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 Check-in Hall
Inuksuk sculptures stand in front of the departures entrance at Terminal 1.

Measuring over 346,000 square metres (3,724,000 sq ft),[24] Terminal 1 is the largest airport terminal in Canada and the 12th largest in the world by floor space. Air Canada and all other Star Alliance airlines that serve Pearson are based at Terminal 1. Non-alliance airline Emirates also uses the terminal.

Terminal 1 was designed by a joint venture known as Airports Architects Canada made up of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, Adamson Associates Architects and Moshe Safdie and Associates.[25] It contains 58 gates: D1, D3, D5, D7-D12, D20, D22, D24, D26, D28, D31–D45 (D32, D34, D36 also serve US flights and carry F designation), D51, D53, D55, D57 (also carry F designation), F60–F63, F64A–F64B, F65, F66A–F66B, F/E67–F/E81 (F68-F73 and F78-F81 serve both US and international flights but E74-E77 are international only), F59, F82-F83, and F84-F99. Two of the gates, E73 and E75, can accommodate the Airbus A380.

Along with the standard customs and immigration facilities, Terminal 1 also contains special customs "B" checkpoints along the international arrivals walkway. Passengers connecting from an international or trans-border arrival to another international (non-U.S.) departure in Terminal 1 go to one of these checkpoints for passport control and immigration checks, then are immediately directed to Pier F for departure. This alleviates the need to recheck bags, pass through security screening, and relieves congestion in the primary customs hall.[26]

An eight-level parking garage with 8,400 public parking spaces (including 700 rental car spaces) [24] across from Terminal 1 is connected to the terminal by several elevated and enclosed pedestrian walkways.[21]

Terminal 1 is home to the

ThyssenKrupp Express Walkway, the world's fastest moving walkway.[27]

Terminal 3

The Grand Hall of Terminal 3

Terminal 3 is a 178,000-square-metre (1,916,000 sq ft) facility designed by B+H Architects and Scott Associates Architects Inc.[28] It is used by all SkyTeam and Oneworld airlines that serve Pearson, along with Air Transat, Etihad Airways, Sunwing Airlines, WestJet and all other airlines that are unaffiliated with an airline alliance (except Emirates, which uses Terminal 1). Terminal 3 has 46 gates: B1a-B1d, B2a, B2c, B3-B5, A6d-A6f, A7–A16, B17-B20 (Also, A17-A20 for transborder flights), B22-B29, C30-C36 and B37–B41.

A 5-level parking garage with 3,800 public parking spaces (including 600 rental car spaces) [24] is located directly across from the terminal along with the Sheraton Hotel, both of which are connected to Terminal 3 by an elevated pedestrian walkway.[21][29]

Since June 2018, the GTAA has used the Infield Concourse to act as an extension of Terminal 3 to provide additional bridged gates. Passengers on flights arriving or departing from gates at the Infield Concourse are transported by bus to/from Terminal 3.[30]

Infield Concourse

The Infield Concourse was originally built to handle traffic displaced during the development and construction of the current Terminal 1.[31] Its 11 gates (521 to 531) were opened gradually throughout 2002 and 2003,[32] and a business lounge was opened in 2005.[33][32] In 2009, the Infield Concourse (also known as the IFC) was closed for regular operations in conjunction with the official opening of the newly constructed Terminal 1. However the GTAA retained plans to reactivate the IFC for regular operations whenever necessary to accommodate seasonal or overflow demand.

Renovations were completed at the Infield Concourse in early 2018, and on June 5, 2018, the terminal was reactivated for summer operations by the GTAA to act as an extension of Terminal 3 with the purpose of providing required additional bridged gates. Passengers are transported by bus between Terminal 3 and the Infield Concourse.[30]

The IFC is also frequently used as a location to film major motion pictures and television productions.[34]

VIP Terminal

Skyservice FBO operates an 800-square-metre (8,611 sq ft) private VIP terminal at Toronto Pearson on Midfield Road, in the infield area of the airport.[35][36] The terminal handles most private aircraft arriving and departing at Pearson, providing passenger services that include 24/7 concierge, private customs and immigration facilities, personalized catering, showers, direct handling of baggage, and VIP ground transportation services.[35][37]

Infrastructure and operations

Runways

Toronto Pearson has five runways, three of which are aligned in the east-west direction, and two in the north-south direction. A large network of taxiways, collectively measuring over 40 km (25 mi) in length,[38] provides access between the runways and the passenger terminals, air cargo areas, and airline hangar areas.[39]

Cockpit view of runway 06R
Number Length Width ILS Alignment
05/23 3,389.4 metres (11,120 ft) 61 metres (200 ft) Cat. IIIa (05), Cat. I (23) East-West
06L/24R 2,955.6 metres (9,697 ft) 61 metres (200 ft) Cat. IIIa (6L), Cat. I (24R) East-West
06R/24L 2,743.2 metres (9,000 ft) 61 metres (200 ft) Cat. I (both directions) East-West
15L/33R 3,368 metres (11,050 ft) 61 metres (200 ft) Cat. I (both directions) North-South
15R/33L 2,770 metres (9,088 ft) 61 metres (200 ft) Cat. I (both directions) North-South

Airfield operations

Toronto Pearson is home to the Toronto Area Control Centre, one of seven area control centers in Canada operated by Nav Canada. The airport utilizes a Traffic Management Unit (TMU), located in the apron control tower at Terminal 1, to control the movement of aircraft and other airport traffic on the ground.[40] The main air traffic control tower at Pearson is located within the infield operations area of the airport.

Toronto Pearson Fire Rescue Unit 5

The airfield maintenance unit is responsible for general maintenance and repairs at Pearson.[41] During the winter months, the unit expands into a dedicated 24-hour snow removal team of 201 workers tasked with ensuring normal operations at the airport, as Pearson regularly experiences 110 to 130 centimetres (43 to 51 in) of total snow accumulation in a typical winter season.[42][43] The airport employs over 94 pieces of snow removal equipment, including 11 Vammas PSB series[44] and 4 Oshkosh HT-Series[45] snowplow units, and 14 snowmelters.[46]

Pearson Airport's Central De-icing Facility is the largest in the world, with a team of 168 workers servicing over 10,500 aircraft each winter.[46] The six de-icing bays, covering a total area of 24 hectares (60 acres), can handle 12 aircraft simultaneously and take between 2 and 19 minutes to de-ice each aircraft dependent on factors such as active weather and aircraft specifications.[47][42]

The Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA)

heavy rescue units.[48] The GTAA Fire and Emergency Service operates in conjunction with the Fire and Emergency Services Training Institute (FESTI), located at the northwest end of the airport grounds.[49]

Cargo facilities

Toronto Pearson handles over 50% of total international air cargo in Canada.[50] The airport has three main cargo facilities, known as Cargo West (Infield), Cargo East (VISTA), and Cargo North (FedEx).[51]

The Cargo West facility (also known as the Infield Cargo Area) is located between runways 15L/33R and 15R/33L. It is a multi-tenant facility including three large buildings with 52,600 square metres (566,000 sq ft) of warehouse space, a common use cargo apron, vehicle parking, and a truck maneuvering area. A four-lane vehicle tunnel connects the Infield Cargo Area to the passenger terminal area of the airport.[52]

The Cargo East facility (also known as the VISTA cargo area) is located north of Terminal 3. The VISTA cargo area is a multi-tenant facility of several buildings organized in a U-shape, with 29,500 square metres (318,000 sq ft) of warehouse space and an adjacent common use cargo apron.[52]

The Cargo North facility is the Canadian hub for FedEx Express. The site occupies an area on the north side of the airport lands near runway 05/23, and is home to two buildings operated exclusively by FedEx with 32,100 square metres (346,000 sq ft) of warehouse space and a dedicated cargo apron.[52]

Other facilities

Pearson Airport has seven aircraft maintenance hangars, operated by Air Canada, Air Transat, Westjet, and the GTAA, which are used for line maintenance and routine aircraft inspections.[52] At the north end of the airfield are numerous independently operated hangars for charter aircraft and personal private aircraft based at Pearson, along with passenger and maintenance facilities to service them.[53]

The

airline catering services.[52] Aviation fuel (Jet A-1) is supplied by Esso Avitat and Shell Aerocentre, both located in the infield operations area of the airport.[52]

Security

The Peel Regional Police is the primary law enforcement agency at Toronto Pearson.[54] The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) also maintain a Toronto Airport Detachment at Pearson which provides federal law enforcement services.[55]

The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA) is responsible for security screening procedures at Pearson Airport. Other government agencies with security operations at Pearson include the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), and Transport Canada. In addition, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (CIS) also conduct operations at the airport to facilitate United States border preclearance.[56]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsRefs
Aer Lingus Dublin [57]
Aeroméxico Mexico City [58]
[59]
Providence (RI), Savannah
[59]
[59]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle [64]
Air Italy Seasonal: Milan–Malpensa (begins May 6, 2019)[65][66] [67]
[68]
Rome–Fiumicino
[69]
Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami
[70]
[70]
San Salvador
[71]
Azores Airlines Lisbon, Ponta Delgada, Porto
Seasonal: Terceira
[72]
British Airways London–Heathrow
Seasonal: London–Gatwick
[73]
Brussels Airlines Brussels [74]
Caribbean Airlines Kingston–Norman Manley, Port of Spain [75]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong [76]
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong [77]
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou [78]
Condor
Seasonal: Frankfurt [79]
Copa Airlines Panama City [80]
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Salt Lake City
Seasonal: Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul
[81]
Delta Connection Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK
Seasonal: Cincinnati
[81]
EgyptAir
Cairo [82]
El Al Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion [83]
Emirates Dubai–International [84]
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa [85]
Abu Dhabi
[86]
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan [87]
Flair Airlines Calgary (begins June 20, 2019), Edmonton, Vancouver (begins June 23, 2019), Winnipeg
Seasonal: Halifax (begins June 20, 2019)
[88]
Hainan Airlines Beijing–Capital [89]
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík [90]
Interjet Cancún, Mexico City [91]
KLM Amsterdam [92]
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon [93]
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin [94]
Lufthansa Frankfurt
Seasonal: Munich
[95]
Pakistan International Airlines Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore [96]
Philippine Airlines Manila [97]
Tobago, Vancouver
[98]
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon [99]
Istanbul
[100]
Ukraine International Airlines Kyiv–Boryspil [101]
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, San Francisco [102]
Washington–Dulles
[102]
Sydney (NS), Victoria
[104]
Montréal–Trudeau, Nashville, Ottawa, Québec City, Thunder Bay
Seasonal: Myrtle Beach
[104]

Cargo

AirlinesDestinationsCargo Center
Cathay Pacific Cargo
Anchorage, Hong Kong, New York–JFK VISTA
FedEx
Korean Air Cargo
Anchorage, New York–JFK, Seoul–Incheon Cargo West
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt Cargo West
Istanbul–Atatürk, New York–JFK, Shannon
VISTA
UPS Airlines Louisville VISTA

Ground transportation

A UP Express train approaching Terminal 1 station
The Link Train approaching Terminal 1 station
A passenger boards a TTC route 300B Bloor–Danforth bus at Terminal 1
A GO Transit coach at Terminal 1

Train

Bus

Taxi

taxi stands located outside of both Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Only official airport-licensed taxis and limousines can legally pick up passengers at Pearson,[126] and all airport-licensed taxi and limo companies use GTAA authorized flat rate fares for travel from the airport.[127][128][129]

Rideshare

Transportation network company services Uber and Lyft are available at Pearson Airport. Designated rideshare pickup zones are located at both Terminal 1 and Terminal 3.[130]

Car

Toronto Pearson is directly accessible from Highway 427 and Highway 409 with Airport Road and Dixon Road providing local access to the airport.[131] There are 12,200 parking spaces available in parking garages adjacent to Terminal 1 and Terminal 3,[24] in addition to several other parking lots located in the immediate area.[132]

Link Train.[133]

Shuttle

Pearson is served by several out-of-town van and minibus shuttle operators which provide transportation from the airport to various municipalities and regional airports throughout Southern Ontario, and to select cities and towns in the American states of New York and Michigan.[134]

Proposed transit hub

In February 2017, the GTAA announced a proposed transit hub to be located across from Terminal 3 that would connect with

Link Train connecting Terminals 1 and 3 with a bridge from the transit hub to Terminal 3 and another bridge connecting Terminal 3 to Terminal 1.[135]

Statistics

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic at Toronto Pearson International Airport
2003 through 2018
Year Total passengers % change Domesticc % change Transborderc % change Internationalc % change
2018[136] 49,507,418 Increase 5.0% 17,860,337 Increase 2.2% 13,570,570 Increase 5.6% 18,076,511 Increase 7.6%
2017[8] 47,130,358 Increase 6.3% 17,475,217 Increase 3.4% 12,855,891 Increase 6.6% 16,799,250 Increase 9.3%
2016[5] 44,335,198 Increase 8.0% 16,906,560 Increase 6.6% 12,054,296 Increase 8.1% 15,374,342 Increase 9.6%
2015[137] 41,036,847 Increase 6.4% 15,859,289 Increase 4.4% 11,154,435 Increase 6.2% 14,023,123 Increase 8.9%
2014[137] 38,571,961 Increase 6.8% 15,192,126 Increase 5.6% 10,506,070 Increase 6.8% 12,874,220 Increase 8.3%
2013[137] 36,107,306 Increase 3.4% 14,385,001 Increase 5.4% 9,838,121 Increase 3.9% 11,884,184 Increase 0.7%
2012[137] 34,911,850 Increase 4.4% 13,646,163 Increase 4.3% 9,464,858 Increase 5.4% 11,800,829 Increase 3.7%
2011[137] 33,435,277 Increase 4.7% 13,078,513 Increase 2.7% 8,979,103 Increase 4.1% 11,377,661 Increase 7.6%
2010[138] 31,936,098 Increase 5.2% 12,730,680 Increase 0.1% 8,628,851 Increase 6.9% 10,576,567 Increase 10.6%
2009[138] 30,368,339 Decrease −6.0% 12,730,047 Decrease −7.8% 8,074,027 Decrease −8.3% 9,564,265 Decrease −1.5%
2008[138] 32,334,831 Increase 2.8% 13,812,866 Increase 0.5% 8,805,898 Decrease −0.8% 9,716,067 Increase 10.1%
2007[138] 31,446,199 Increase 2.1% 13,744,155 Increase 3.3% 8,879,180 Decrease −0.3% 8,822,864 Increase 2.8%
2006[138] 30,794,581 Increase 2.9% 13,309,531 Increase 3.1% 8,906,324 Increase 1.2% 8,578,726 Increase 4.6%
2005[138] 29,914,750 Increase 4.5% 12,906,457 Increase 2.1% 8,803,505 Increase 4.5% 8,204,788 Increase 8.6%
2004[138] 28,615,981 Increase 15.7% 12,636,748 Increase 14.6% 8,422,537 Increase 15.1% 7,556,696 Increase 18%
2003[138] 24,739,312  –––– 11,021,760  –––– 7,316,287  –––– 6,401,265  ––––

Notes

Incidents and accidents

  • On October 3, 1959, Vickers Viscount CF-TGY of Trans-Canada Air Lines was written off when it landed short of the runway.[139] No fatalities among the 38 on board.
  • On February 10, 1960, a Super Constellation of Trans-Canada Air Lines was seriously damaged when it overran the runway after landing in bad weather. None of the 59 passengers and crew were injured.[140]
  • On June 13, 1964, Vickers Viscount CF-THT of Air Canada was damaged beyond economical repair when it crash-landed after the failure of two engines on approach.[141]
  • The airport's deadliest accident occurred on July 5, 1970, when Air Canada Flight 621, a DC-8 jet, flew on a Montreal–Toronto–Los Angeles route. The pilots inadvertently deployed spoilers before the plane attempted landing, forcing the pilots to abort landing and takeoff. Damage to the aircraft that was caused during the failed landing attempt caused the plane to break up in the air during the go-around, killing all 100 passengers and nine crew members on board when it crashed into a field southeast of Brampton. Controversy remains over the cleanup effort following the crash, as both plane wreckage debris and human remains from the crash are still found on the site.[142]
  • On August 30, 1970, Douglas C-47 CF-JRY of D G Harris Productions was damaged beyond economic repair in a storm.[143]
  • On June 26, 1978, Air Canada Flight 189 to Winnipeg overran the runway during an aborted takeoff, and crashed into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of the 107 passengers on board the DC-9 were killed.
  • On June 22, 1983, Douglas C-47A C-GUBT of Skycraft Air Transport crashed on takeoff roll at Toronto International Airport while on an international cargo flight from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, Ohio. Both of the crew members were killed.[144]
  • On August 2, 2005, Air France Flight 358, an Airbus A340-300 (registration F-GLZQ) inbound from Paris, landed on runway 24L during a severe thunderstorm, failed to stop, and ran off of the runway into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. The rear third of the plane burst into flames, eventually engulfing the whole plane except the cockpit and wings. There were 12 serious injuries, but no fatalities. The investigation predominantly blamed pilot error when faced with the severe weather conditions.[145]

See also

References

  1. ^ Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
  2. ^ "Synoptic/Metstat Station Information". Retrieved May 15, 2011.
  3. ^ "Airport Divestiture Status Report". Tc.gc.ca. January 12, 2011. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
  4. ^ "TORONTO PEARSON AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT" (PDF). Torontopearson.com. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  5. ^ a b "TORONTO PEARSON AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT" (PDF). June 1, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  6. ^ "About Toronto Pearson". Greater Toronto Airports Authority. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  7. ^ "Toronto Pearson Fast Facts". Airports Council International. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
  8. ^ a b "TORONTO PEARSON (Enplaned + Deplaned ) PASSENGER 2014-2018" (PDF). Torontopearson.com. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  9. ^ "Chapter 14: Land Use" (PDF). The Airport Master Plan (2000-2020). Greater Toronto Airports Authority. Retrieved January 26, 2012. The Airport occupies some 1,867 ha (4,613 acres) and is adjacent to Highway 401, the main east/west highway route through southern Ontario and the busiest highway in North America. The bulk of the Airport (1,824 ha 4,507 acres) is within the City of Mississauga with 43 ha (106 acres) located within the City of Toronto.
  10. ^ "Chapter 6: Passenger Terminals" (PDF). Greater Toronto Airports Authority. Retrieved July 23, 2018. Toronto Pearson now operates two main passenger terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 3.
  11. ^ "About Air Canada - Corporate Profile". Aircanada.com. Retrieved July 24, 2018. Air Canada's four hubs, Toronto (YYZ), the primary global hub, Montreal (YUL), the gateway to French international markets, Vancouver (YVR), the airline's premier gateway to Asia Pacific, and Calgary (YYC), offer Air Canada customers smooth connections under one roof.
  12. ^ "Airports in the national airports category (Appendix A)". Transport Canada. December 16, 2012. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Preclearance Locations - U.S. Customs and Border Protection". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  14. ^ "Airlines & Destinations: Canadian Destinations". Torontopearson.com. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  15. ^ "TORONTO PEARSON - AIRPORT 101" (PDF). Torontopearson.com.
  16. ^ "Airlines and Destinations: International Destinations". Greater Toronto Airports Authority. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  17. ^ "Airlines and Destinations: US Destinations". Greater Toronto Airports Authority. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  18. .
  19. ^ Dexter, Brian (March 16, 1974). "Malton residents say they've had enough". Toronto Star. p. B09.
  20. .
  21. ^ a b c "GTAA Master Plan" (PDF). p. 1.19.
  22. ^ "About GTAA". Torontopearson.com. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  23. ^ Jamie Patterson (January 30, 2007). "Goodbye Terminal 2, Hello Pier F". Torontoist.com. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  24. ^ a b c d "Toronto Pearson Master Plan 2017-2037" (PDF). Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  25. ^ Harold D. Kalman. "Airport Architecture". Thecanadianencyclopedia.com. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  26. ^ Schwartz, Adele C. (December 1, 2005). "Bonus Design". Air Transport World. Silver Spring, Maryland. Archived from the original on September 17, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ "ThyssenKrupp Airport Systems on growth track" (Press release). ThyssenKrupp. April 11, 2006. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ "Toronto Pearson International Airport – Terminal 3 - B+H Architects". Bharchitects.com.
  29. ^ "Sheraton takes over Swissotel, increases Metro hotels to 4". Toronto Star. October 8, 1993. p. F7. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  30. ^ a b "International Departures - Toronto Pearson". GTAA. Retrieved June 26, 2018. Passengers flying on Aer Lingus, Azores, Icelandair, Condor and Ukraine International will be boarding their aircraft at the Infield Terminal, accessed by bus that leaves from Terminal 3.
  31. ^ "Toronto Pearson International Airport - Infield Development Project". Bharchitects. 2013. Archived from the original on November 14, 2013. Located on a 470-acre [190 ha] site between four major runways, this $250 million development is Canada's largest design-build project and comprised of six structures totaling 1,356,360 square feet: the Air Canada Maintenance Building, three cargo buildings including the Air Canada Cargo Terminal, a 3-bay Hangar Facility, and the 11-gate Infield Holdroom Terminal. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ a b "Toronto Pearson Master Plan - Chapter 6 : Passenger Terminals" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014. The Infield Terminal (IFT) was constructed to provide interim gating capacity during the phased construction of Terminal 1. The first two gates became operational in June 2002, with the remaining nine gates opening the following year. (The final three gates opened in July 2003, bringing the total available to 11.) {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "Air Canada opens new Maple Leaf Lounge at the Infield Terminal at Toronto Pearson Airport". Express Voyage. February 10, 2005. Archived from the original on September 17, 2014. Air Canada will officially open its newest Maple Leaf Lounge at the Infield Terminal at Toronto Pearson Airport on February 10, 2005. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "Lights, cameras and action at Toronto Pearson International Airport". Archived from the original on September 17, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ a b "Skyservice Toronto Airport FBO - Fixed Base Operations". Skyservice.com. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  36. ^ "Chapter 10 - Business Aviation" (PDF). GTAA.
  37. ^ Barnard, Linda (September 6, 2017). "How to hide a celebrity at the Toronto International Film Festival". Toronto Star. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  38. ^ "Chapter 1 : Introduction" (PDF). Torontopearson.com. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  39. ^ "About GTAA : Strategy Master Plan" (PDF). Torontopearson.com. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  40. ^ Christopher Hume (December 14, 2012). "All Eyes on the Ground". Toronto Star. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  41. ^ "Routine Maintenance at Toronto Pearson". GTAA. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  42. ^ a b "Winter Operations". GTAA. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  43. ^ "Winter Operations - Snow Removal". Retrieved January 26, 2019. On average, between 110 to 130 cm of snow falls here each winter
  44. ^ Kelly, Cathal (November 29, 2019). "Clearing Pearson airport for takeoff in winter". Toronto Star.
  45. ^ "Oshkosh HT-Series Chosen by Toronto International Airport | Team Eagle Ltd. ~ Your Airfield Solutions Partner". Team-eagle.ca. August 4, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2013.
  46. ^ a b "Winter Operations". Greater Toronto Airports Authority. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  47. ^ Patel, Arti (February 3, 2011). "Clearing a Plane of Snow is Deicing on the Cake". The Globe and Mail.
  48. ^ a b "About Pearson Airport Professional Firefighters Association (PAPFFA)". PAPFFA. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  49. ^ "Location - FESTI". Fire and Emergency Services Training Institute (FESTI). Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  50. ^ "Toronto Pearson International Airport - Master Plan 2017-2037" (PDF). Greater Toronto Airports Authority. Retrieved July 31, 2018. Toronto Pearson handles about 50 per cent of the international air cargo in Canada, making our airport a critical link in the supply chain of Canadian businesses.
  51. ^ "Advanced Cargo Facilities". GTAA. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  52. ^ a b c d e f "GTAA Master Plan" (PDF). GTAA. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  53. ^ "Inside Pearson Airport's ultra-luxe private hub for celebs, executives and well-to-dos - Toronto Life". Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  54. ^ "Airport Division - Peel Regional Police". Peel Regional Police. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  55. ^ ""O" Division Greater Toronto Area (GTA) - Royal Canadian Mounted Police". Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  56. ^ "Key Agencies - Toronto Pearson International Airport". Greater Toronto Airports Authority. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  57. ^ "TImetables". Aer Lingus.
  58. ^ "TImetables". Aeroméxico.
  59. ^ a b c "Flight Schedules". Air Canada.
  60. ^ a b c d e f "Air Canada Makes Strategic Enhancements on Eastern Canadian Regional Routes for Spring 2019". Air Canada. February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  61. ^ Liu, Jim. "Air Canada moves Toronto – Portland OR service to rouge from May 2019". Routesonline. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
  62. ^ https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/bienvenido-air-canada-to-launch-service-to-quito-from-toronto-890676117.html
  63. ^ Liu, Jim. "Air Canada moves Iceland service to rouge in June 2019". Routesonline. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  64. ^ "Air France flight schedule". Air France.
  65. ^ "Air Italy plans Toronto launch in May 2019". Routesonline.com. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  66. ^ https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/air-italy-to-suspend-three-transatlantic-routes-over-457660/
  67. ^ "Air Italy flight Timetable". Air Italy.
  68. ^ "Air Transat Flight status and schedules". Flight Times. Air Transat.
  69. ^ "Flight schedule and operations". Alitalia.
  70. ^ a b "Flight schedules and notifications". American Airlines.
  71. ^ "Check Itineraries". Avianca.com.
  72. ^ "Schedules". Azores Airlines.
  73. ^ "Timetables". British Airways.
  74. ^ "Timetable". Brussels Airlines.
  75. ^ "Timetable". Caribbean Airlines.[permanent dead link]
  76. ^ "Flight Timetable". Cathay Pacific.
  77. ^ "Schedules and Timetable". China Eastern Airlines.
  78. ^ "Timetable". China Southern Airlines.
  79. ^ "Timetable". Condor Flugdienst.
  80. ^ "Flight Schedule". Copa Airlines.
  81. ^ a b "Flight Schedules". Delta Air Lines.
  82. ^ "Timetable". EgyptAir.
  83. ^ "Flight Schedule". El Al.
  84. ^ "Flight Schedules". Emirates.
  85. ^ "Schedule". Ethiopian Airlines.
  86. ^ "Flight Timetables". Etihad Airways.
  87. ^ "Timetables and Downlaods". EVA Air.
  88. ^ "Schedule". Flair Airlines. Archived from the original on March 26, 2018. Retrieved July 24, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  89. ^ "Flight Schedule". Hainan Airlines.
  90. ^ "Flight Schedule". Icelandair.
  91. ^ "Flight Schedule". Interjet.
  92. ^ "View the Timetable". KLM.
  93. ^ "Flight Status and Schedules". Korean Air.
  94. ^ "Timetables". LOT Polish Airlines.
  95. ^ "Timetable - Lufthansa Canada". Lufthansa.
  96. ^ "PIA - Weekly Flight Schedule". Pakistan International Airlines.
  97. ^ "Flight Timetable". Philippine Airlines.
  98. ^ "Our Routes" (PDF). Sunwing Airlines.
  99. ^ "All Destinations". TAP Portugal.
  100. ^ "Online Flight Schedule". Turkish Airlines.
  101. ^ "Online Flight Schedule". UIA.
  102. ^ a b "United Flight Schedules". United Airlines.
  103. ^ "Buenos días, Barcelona". Westjet. October 30, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  104. ^ a b "Flight Schedules - when we fly". Westjet.
  105. ^ "UP Express". GTAA.
  106. ^ "Union Station - City of Toronto". City of Toronto. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
  107. ^ "Union Pearson Express". Metrolinx.
  108. ^ Irwin Rapoport (July 6, 2006). "Airport opens automated people mover: New train system connects three terminals, parking area".
    Daily Commercial News. Archived from the original on February 12, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013. It's a 1.5-kilometre train with three stations gliding along an elevated guideway connecting Terminals 1, 3 and a reduced rate parking area serving both passengers and employees of the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA). {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help
    )
  109. ^ "Terminal Link". Toronto Pearson. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
  110. ^ "900 Airport Express". Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  111. ^ "52 Lawrence West". Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  112. ^ "952 Lawrence West Express". Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  113. ^ "300 Bloor–Danforth". Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  114. ^ "332 Eglinton West". Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  115. ^ "352 Lawrence West". Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  116. ^ "TTC Toronto Pearson International Airport". Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). Retrieved November 2, 2018.
  117. ^ "40 Hamilton/ Richmond Hill GO Bus Schedule" (PDF). GO Transit. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  118. ^ "34 Pearson Airport/ North York GO Bus Schedule" (PDF). GO Transit. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  119. ^ "MiExpress 107 Malton Express" (PDF). Mississauga.ca. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  120. ^ "MiExpress 100 Airport Express" (PDF). Mississauga.ca. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  121. ^ "MiLocal 7 Airport" (PDF). Mississauga.ca. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  122. ^ "MiLocal 24 Northwest" (PDF). Mississauga.ca. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  123. ^ "MiLocal 57 Courtneypark" (PDF). Mississauga.ca. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  124. ^ "115 Bramalea Terminal–Bramalea Road–Pearson Airport" (PDF). Brampton Transit. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  125. ^ "Greyhound Adds Stop At Toronto Pearson International Airport". CNW Newswire.ca. April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  126. ^ "Taxis & Limousines". GTAA.com. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  127. ^ "Taxi Tarrifs from Toronto Pearson" (PDF). GTAA.com. March 1, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  128. ^ "Limo Tarrifs from Toronto Pearson" (PDF). GTAA.com. March 1, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  129. ^ "Out of Town Tarrifs from Toronto Pearson" (PDF). GTAA.com. March 1, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  130. ^ "Uber, Lyft get green light for pickups at Toronto's Pearson Airport". BNN Bloomberg Canada. June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  131. ^ "Directions: From South-QEW". GTAA.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  132. ^ "Parking". Torontopearson.com. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  133. ^ a b "Car Rentals". GTAA.com. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  134. ^ "Out-of-Town Van Services". Gtaa.com. January 3, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  135. ^ a b "GTAA Unveils Vision For Multi-Modal Transit Hub at Pearson - Urban Toronto". urbantoronto.ca. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  136. ^ "Statistics".
  137. ^ a b c d e ,TORONTO PEARSON (Enplaned + Deplaned ) PASSENGER 2011-2015
  138. ^ a b c d e f g h "TORONTO PEARSON (Enplaned + Deplaned ) PASSENGER 2003-2013" (PDF). Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  139. Aviation Safety Network
    . Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  140. ^ "Skids Off Runway on Belly: 59 Safe in Crackup at Malton As Airliner Overshoots in Fog: TCA Plane Crashes Into Fence". Globe and Mail. Toronto. February 11, 1960. p. 1.
  141. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved October 6, 2009.
  142. ^ Wilkes, Jim (July 6, 2004). "Ghosts of Flight 621 haunt Brampton field". Toronto Star. p. A1. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  143. ^ "CF-JRY Hull-loss description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  144. ^ "C-GUBT Accident report". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  145. ISBN 978-0-662-47298-8. Public Works and Government Services Canada Cat. No. TU3-5/05-3E. Retrieved December 13, 2007. [Aussi disponible en français: "Rapport d'enquête aéronautique A05H0002
    "

External links