Brussels Airport
Brussels Airport Luchthaven Brussel ( AMSL | 184 ft / 56 m | ||||||||||||||||||
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Coordinates | 50°54′05″N 004°29′04″E / 50.90139°N 4.48444°E | ||||||||||||||||||
Website | brusselsairport.be | ||||||||||||||||||
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Brussels Airport[a] (IATA: BRU, ICAO: EBBR), also informally called Brussels-National Airport[b] or Brussels-Zaventem Airport,[c] is an international airport in the municipality of Zaventem in Flemish Brabant, 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) northeast[2] of Brussels, Belgium. In 2019, more than 26 million passengers arrived or departed at Brussels Airport, making it the 26th busiest airport in Europe. It is home to around 260 companies, together directly employing 20,000 people and serves as the home base for Brussels Airlines and TUI fly Belgium. BRU covers 1,245 hectares (3,076 acres) and contains three runways.[3]
The company operating the airport is known as The Brussels Airport Company N.V./S.A.; before 19 October 2006, the name was BIAC (Brussels International Airport Company), which was created by Belgian law through a merger of BATC with the ground operations departments of the RLW/RVA. Since 2011, the airport has been owned by the Toronto-based Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan (39%), Macquarie Group (Macquarie European Infrastructure Fund I and Macquarie European Infrastructure Fund III) (36%) and the Belgian State (25%).[4]
On 22 March 2016, the airport's departures hall was severely damaged by two terrorist bomb blasts. The airport was closed until 3 April 2016, when it was reopened with temporary facilities at less than 20% of its previous capacity.[5] It has since returned to full operations, with a record of 90,000 passengers on 29 July 2016.[6]
History
Early years
The origins of Brussels Airport at Zaventem date back to 1940, when the German occupying force claimed 600 ha (1,500 acres) of agricultural fields reserved as a back-up airfield ("Steenokkerzeel"). There the Luftwaffe established Fliegerhorst Melsbroek and constructed 3 runways in the shape of a triangle: runway 02/20, runway 07L/25R (both of which are still in use today) and runway 12/30. The airport buildings were constructed in the nearby municipality of Melsbroek and not of Zaventem, which is why the airfield was known to the locals as Melsbroek (in Dutch) (or "Fliegerhorst Melsbroek" in German). There is an urban legend that the site of the airport was chosen by the Germans after asking locals where to build it–the Belgians then pointed to this location as it was often foggy.[citation needed]
After the liberation on 3 September 1944, the German infrastructure at Melsbroek fell into the hands of the British. When the
In 1955, a railway line from Brussels city centre to the airport was constructed. The line was officially opened by
In 1956, a new 2,300 m (7,500 ft) runway was constructed, 07R/25L, which almost runs parallel with 07L/25R. The runway is still in use today and saw its length later increased to 3,200 m (10,500 ft). In April 1956, the
Development since the 1960s
During the boom of commercial aviation in the 1960s and 1970s, several hangars were constructed. A new
In 2005, the airport was awarded Best Airport in Europe by Airports Council International / International Air Transport Association (ACI/IATA), based on a survey of over 100,000 passengers worldwide. Brussels Airport continued to appear in top airports lists as of 2012. A direct train link with Leuven and Liège was opened on 12 December 2005.
In 2007, the airport served 17.8 million passengers, an increase of 7% over 2006. The cargo volume in the same year amounted to 780,000 tonnes, an increase of 8.9% over 2006. In 2008, the airport served 18.5 million passengers, which was an increase of 3.7% over the previous year.[9]
Sabena's demise meant a sharp fall in passenger traffic, a blow from which the airport only slowly recovered. The airport's future is threatened by disagreement between the governments of Flanders and the Brussels Capital Region concerning night-time air traffic routes.
In March 2009, the old mechanical Flight information display systems were replaced by electronic ones.[10] In September 2009, CEO Wilfried Van Assche resigned. One of the (unofficial) reasons was the delay in the construction of the low-cost terminal and the possible lawsuit by 52 airlines active at Brussels Airport, on the grounds of tax discrimination. It was Van Assche who started expanding the Long-Haul network (Jet Airways, Hainan Airlines, Etihad Airways and US Airways) at Brussels Airport. In February 2010 Arnaud Feist was appointed CEO. The Chairman of the Board is Marc Descheemaecker .
- On 18 February 2013, in the 2013 Belgium diamond heist, eight men armed with automatic weapons and dressed in police uniforms seized 120 small parcels containing an estimated US$50 million worth of diamonds from a Helvetic Airways Fokker 100 passenger plane loaded with passengers preparing for departure to Zürich. The men drove two vehicles through a hole they had cut in the airport perimeter fence to Flight LX789, which had just been loaded with diamonds from a Brink's armored van from Antwerp. They carried out the operation within five minutes with no injuries and without firing a shot.[11][12][13]`
2016 Brussels bombings
On 22 March 2016, two explosions took place in Brussels Airport at 07:58 local time. One occurred near the
Facilities
Brussels Airport uses a one terminal concept, meaning that all the facilities are located under a single roof. The terminal building consists of several levels. The
Pier A
The newest pier in Brussels airport was pier A, opened on 15 May 2002. This pier was destined to support flights from and to the Schengen countries (A-gates). However, since 15 October 2008 all Brussels Airlines flights to African destinations are also handled at this pier. Therefore, border control was installed towards the end of the pier in order to create a new pier. As a result, gates A61-72 were renamed T61-72. Later, Brussels Airlines' daily flight to New York was also moved here from pier B.
Until 26 March 2015,[16] Pier A was connected to the main building via a 400-metre-long (1,300 ft) tunnel under the apron. Each pier used to have its own security zone, so transfer between the piers involved a security check, which for practical purposes made it to be two terminals. This tunnel was replaced by the "Connector", a new building that links both piers above ground and allows passengers to walk straight from the check-in desk to their gate in pier A or B, without changing floors. In the opposite direction, the building provides arriving passengers with a smooth and convenient passage to the baggage reclaim hall and the exit. Furthermore, border control has been relocated behind the 25-lane screening platform (Europe's largest) inside the Connector which means that changing planes no longer requires a security check.
Pier B
Pier B is the oldest pier still in use at Brussels Airport and is only used for flights outside the
Planned
Pier A West
Pier A West is a planned expansion of Pier A, and is meant to relieve Pier B by also handling flights from non-Schengen countries. Pier A West was due to open in 2016, but because of the slow passenger growth, Brussels Airport announced in July 2013 that the works would be delayed. However, in November 2015, Brussels Airport announced a major 550 million euro investment and pointed out that within this investment the extension of the pier is included.[17]
Low-cost pier
Just as is the case for Pier A West, the construction of a new
Services
Drinking water fountains are found all over the airport. After security check-in, water bottles are available for a small fee.[21]
Shops, bars and restaurants are scattered throughout the building. A few facilities are located in the departure area. These are mostly convenience stores and small shops such as the airport shop, a pharmacy,
All passengers now have unlimited free Wi-Fi access.[23][24][25]
Other facilities
Several airlines have or had its head offices at the grounds of Brussels Airport.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights to and from Brussels:[36]
Cargo
Airlines | Destinations |
---|---|
Egyptair Cargo[113] | Cairo |
Emirates SkyCargo[114] | Chicago–O'Hare, Columbus–Rickenbacker, Dubai–Al Maktoum |
Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Miami, Seoul–Incheon
| |
Campinas–Viracopos, Santiago de Chile
| |
Qatar Airways Cargo[117] | Accra, Chicago–O'Hare, Doha, Los Angeles |
Royal Air Maroc Cargo[118] | Casablanca |
Suparna Airlines[120] | Moscow–Domodedovo, Zhengzhou |
Turkish Cargo[121] | Istanbul |
Statistics
Traffic
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Year | Passenger volume | Change over previous year | Aircraft operations | Change over previous year | Cargo (tonnes) | Change over previous year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2023 | 22,200,755 | 16.9% | 192,257 | 7.4% | 585,203 | 5.8% |
2022 | 18,930,698 | 102.31% | 178,930 | 50.7% | 621,482 | 7.0% |
2021 | 9,357,221 | 38.76% | 118,733 | 23.92% | 668,110 | 30.59% |
2020 | 6,743,395 | 74.42% | 95,813 | 59.13% | 511,613 | 2.18% |
2019 | 26,360,003 | 2.70% | 234,460 | 0.40% | 500,702 | 7.9% |
2018 | 25,675,939 | 3.60% | 235,459 | 1.00% | 543,493 | 1.5% |
2017 | 24,783,911 | 13.60% | 237,888 | 6.30% | 535,634 | 8.30% |
2016 | 21,818,418 | 7.00% | 223,688 | 6.50% | 494,637 | 1.10% |
2015 | 23,460,018 | 6.96% | 239,349 | 3.38% | 489,303 | 7.79% |
2014 | 21,933,190 | 14.60% | 231,528 | 6.90% | 453,954 | 5.60% |
2013 | 19,133,222 | 0.90% | 216,678 | 3.00% | 429,938 | 6.40% |
2012 | 18,971,332 | 1.00% | 223,431 | 4.40% | 459,265 | 3.30% |
2011 | 18,786,034 | 9.30% | 233,758 | 3.60% | 475,124 | 0.20% |
2010 | 17,180,606 | 1.10% | 225,682 | 2.60% | 476,135 | 6.00% |
2009 | 16,999,154 | 8.20% | 231,668 | 10.50% | 449,132 | 32.1% |
2008 | 18,515,730 | 3.40% | 258,795 | 2.10% | 661,143 | 15.60% |
2007 | 17,900,000 | 7.10% | 264,366 | 3.80% | 783,727 | 8.90% |
2006 | 16,707,892 | 3.30% | 254,772 | 0.60% | 719,561 | 2.40% |
2005 | 16,179,733 | 3.50% | 253,255 | 0.30% | 702,819 | 5.80% |
2004 | 15,632,773 | 2.90% | 254,070 | 0.70% | 664,375 | 9.40% |
2003 | 15,194,097 | 5.40% | 252,249 | 1.80% | 607,136 | 13.1% |
2002 | 14,410,555 | 26.8% | 256,889 | 15.9% | 536,826 | 8.00% |
2001 | 19,684,867 | 9.00% | 305,532 | 6.30% | 583,729 | 15.1% |
2000 | 21,637,003 | 7.90% | 352,972 | 4.20% | 687,385 | 1.90% |
1999 | 20,048,532 | 15.7% | 312,892 | 4.30% | 674,837 | – |
1998 | 18,400,000 | 15.7% | 300,000 | 8.30% | ||
1997 | 15,900,000 | 18.7% | 277,000 | 4.90% | ||
1996 | 13,400,000 | 7.20% | 264,000 | – | ||
1995 | 12,500,000 | 11.6% | ||||
1994 | 11,200,000 | – | ||||
1993 | 10,000,000+ | – | ||||
1950 | 240,000+ | – |
- The relapse in 2001 and 2002 is due to the combined effects of the September 11 Attacks and the collapse of then home carrier Sabenain the final quarter of 2001.
- The Cargo relapse in 2008 and 2009 is due to the combined effects of the Financial crisis of 2007–08, also affecting passenger volumes in 2009, and the relocation of DHL Aviation to Leipzig/Halle Airport. DHL departed after the Belgian government decided they couldn't operate more cargo flights at night because of noise for the people living in the surrounding area.
- The 2016 decrease in passenger numbers and aircraft movements results from the 2016 Brussels bombings which caused the airport to close for 11 days before reopening with severely reduced capacity.
Routes
Rank | Destination | Airport(s) | Passengers 2018 | Passengers 2017 | Passengers 2016 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Madrid | MAD | 1,009,602 | 966,146 | 763,016 |
2 | Barcelona | BCN
|
940,782 | 927,618 | 889,180 |
3 | Lisbon | LIS
|
733,920 | 738,243 | 698,131 |
4 | Rome | FCO
|
720,067 | 719,436 | 713,392 |
5 | London | LHR
|
688,333 | 654,712 | 587,487 |
6 | Milan | MXP, LIN
|
639,346 | 644,841 | 492,068 |
7 | Geneva | GVA
|
608,377 | 591,857 | 545,230 |
8 | Frankfurt | FRA
|
589,109 | 549,296 | 467,068 |
9 | Málaga | AGP | 537,230 | 533,863 | 499,228 |
10 | Berlin | TXL, SXF | 497,362 | 622,816 | 703,272 |
Rank | Destination | Airport(s) | Passengers 2018 | Passengers 2017 | Passengers 2016 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | New York City | JFK, EWR | 472,960 | 454,187 | 441,212 |
2 | Dubai | DXB | 343,452 | 228,001 | 187,049 |
3 | Tel Aviv | TLV | 287,627 | 295,464 | 267,366 |
4 | Washington, D.C. | IAD
|
251,655 | 231,859 | 212,027 |
5 | Montréal
|
YUL
|
205,282 | 197,550 | 174,843 |
6 | Doha | DOH | 172,493 | 169,111 | 156,644 |
7 | Abu Dhabi | AUH
|
154,054 | 170,549 | 144,239 |
8 | Casablanca | CMN | 145,218 | 159,188 | 142,294 |
9 | Bangkok | BKK
|
142,175 | 125,264 | N/A |
10 | Chicago | ORD | 139,487 | 131,388 | 92,282 |
Ground transportation
Road
Brussels Airport can be reached by car via the A201, which is directly connected to the
Several car rental services are located in the airport as well.
Taxis are permanently available in front of the arrivals hall. Licensed taxis can be recognized by the blue and yellow emblem.
Rail
The
).A direct train link with Leuven was opened on 12 December 2005. A direct link with
As of December 2014, a direct train link between Bruges and the Airport will be offered,[130] just as an Intercity service to Schiphol and Amsterdam.[131]
Since the new
Tram
In an attempt to alleviate gridlock around Brussels, the Flemish regional transport company De Lijn started the Brabantnet project, which was then scheduled to be finished by 2020.[137] Three new light rail lines will be created, of which 2 will terminate at Brussels Airport:
- The Airport Tram, connecting Brussels Airport to Brussels-North, but taking a different trajectory from the existing railway line;
- The Ring Tram, roughly following the northern side of the Brussels Ring and connecting several Brussels suburbs and Vilvoorde to the Airport.
To speed up the process, testing started in August 2016 with a Trambus, a Bus rapid transit system developed by Belgian bus builder Van Hool, which requires less investment than a tram.[138] The Ringtrambus started service on 28 July 2020, using 14 24-metre double-articulated buses. The initial half-hourly service is to be upgraded to quarter-hourly on 1 September 2020.[139] Route 820 runs between Brussels Airport and the Brussels University Hospital in Jette, via Brucargo, the station and the centre of Vilvoorde, the Kassei neighbourhood, the employment area around the Medialaan, Strombeek and the Heysel. This solution is presented as an in-between step until the tram line is finished.[140]
The Airport Tram will be an extension of present Brussels Tram line 55 and line 62,[141] and will roughly follow the A201 Motorway, but will need a large bridge to cross the Brussels Ring into the Airport.[142] The present trams' tracks end at the Eurocontrol headquarters, but the extension will lead from the Bourget roundabout along the A12 into the Airport. The new line will be a so-called 'high frequency' line (comparable to Brussels tram route 7 and 8) connecting the northern part of the city with the Business zone next to the airport and the Airport itself.[143]
Bicycle
Brussels Airport has a special separated road that provides access to the airport for bikers and pedestrians. There is also a special place to park bikes. Since 2019, the airport has a direct connection from the
Accidents and incidents
- On 17 September 1946, a Sabena Douglas DC-3 went into a half roll and crashed into some hangars on takeoff because of loss of airspeed. One crewmember out of the seven occupants on board was killed.[147]
- On 15 February 1961, approach on runway 20, killing all 72 people on board and one on the ground.[148] This was the first fatal accident involving a Boeing 707, resulting in the death of the entire United States Figure Skating team on its way to the World Figure Skating Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia, which the International Skating Unionsubsequently cancelled out of respect for the team.
- On 25 May 2008, Kalitta Air Flight 207, a Boeing 747-200F, overran the shorter runway 20, crashed into a field and split in three. Four of the five people on board received minor injuries.[149]
See also
References
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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Notes
- ^ Dutch: Luchthaven Brussel, French: Aéroport de Bruxelles, German: Flughafen Brüssel
- ^ Dutch: Luchthaven Brussel-Nationaal, French: Aéroport de Bruxelles-National, German: Flughafen Brüssel-National
- ^ Dutch: Luchthaven Brussel-Zaventem, French: Aéroport de Bruxelles-Zaventem, German: Flughafen Brüssel-Zaventem
External links
Media related to Brussels Airport at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website (in English)
- Current weather for EBBR at NOAA/NWS
- Accident history for BRU at Aviation Safety Network