Traditional games of India

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For Traditional games of the Indian subcontinent, see Traditional games of South Asia.
See also: Sport in India § Traditional games
kho-kho
defensive player (centre) runs from one half of the court to the other to avoid being touched by an opponent.
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India has several traditional games and sports,[1] some of which have been played for thousands of years.[2][3][4] Their popularity has greatly declined in the modern era, with Western sports having overtaken them during the British Raj,[5] and the Indian government now making some efforts to revive them.[6][7] Many of these games do not require much equipment or playing space.[8] Some of them are only played in certain regions of India, or may be known by different names and played under different rules and regulations in different regions of the country.[9][10] Many Indian games are also similar to other traditional South Asian games.

Association of Traditional Sports and Games, India.

The president of the Arunachal Olympic Association, Padi Richo, was unanimously chosen as the president of the Association of Traditional Sports and Games, India (ATSGI), while Aman Kumar Sharma from Punjab assumed the position of Secretary-General.[11] The ATSGI is dedicated to revitalizing and fostering traditional games and sports, operating under the guidance of the International Council for Traditional Sports and Games (ICTSG) endorsed by UNESCO.[12]

History

See also: List of Indian inventions and discoveries § Games, and Sport in India § Ancient and medieval period
An Indian stamp from 1990 commemorating the introduction of kabaddi, India's most popular traditional sport, into the Asian Games.

Ancient era

See also: Indian physical culture § Ancient era

Atya-patya is mentioned in the Naṟṟiṇai, written in 300 AD or before.[14] Chaturanga is an ancient board game which experienced various modifications as it was transmitted from India toward Europe and became the modern game of chess.[15] Some of these games were used for military training purposes;[16][17][14] constant warfare between Indians/against invaders forced an emphasis on physical activities related to fighting.[18] One example of this connection between sports and war was Abhimanyu's piercing of the Chakravyuha as depicted in the Mahabharata, which may have had a connection to the skills used in kabaddi and kho-kho.[4][19][20][21]

Traditional Indian games served various purposes throughout and had various connections to

atya-patya by soldiers in Kerala.[14]

gobak sodor
is pictured here.

Medieval era

During Mughal rule, some of the traditional games were greatly patronised and played in modified ways; for example, Akbar invented a version of polo which could be played at night by setting the ball on fire,[30][31][32] and played a magnified version of pachisi with courtesans acting as the pieces on the board.[33] Wrestling was popular at the time as well,[34] with Persian and Indian forms of wrestling merging to form pehlwani.[35]

Colonial era

See also: Sports in Maharashtra § History, and Muscular Hinduism
A photo from 1870 depicting Hyderabadis preparing for pehlwani.

During the time of the British Raj, Indians began to focus more on playing British sports such as cricket, hockey, and football rather than their traditional sports.[5][36] Part of the reason behind this was so that they could rise up the ranks by imitating the culture of the colonisers;[37] later on, some Indians also started to see British sports as an activity in which they could "beat" their colonisers.[38] The British also at times pushed for the growth of Western physical culture, seeing it as a way to increase the uptake of British culture and values in India and arguing that Indian men were naturally effeminate and thus needed a more European physical regimen (see Muscular Christianity).[39][40][41][42]

A notable traditional sport which continued to be played during this time was

Snakes and Ladders and Ludo, were also inspired by Indian board games.[43]

Some self-funded sports clubs, such as the

1936 Berlin Olympic Games.[52] Some traditional games, such as kho-kho, were also exported to places like the Caribbean, Africa, and other parts of Asia where indentured Indian servants had been taken by the British.[53][54][55]

Post-colonial era

See also: Kreeda Bharati
Khelo India is an initiative of the Indian government to organise sports competitions across the nation. Both Khelo India and the National Games of India include several indigenous sports.[56][57][58][9]

In post-Independent India, the traditional sports' popularity has greatly declined with the further growth of Western sports and online gaming.[59] Kabaddi is the most popular traditional sport, with the highest viewership and most career opportunities; its growth was spurred on by the creation of the Pro Kabaddi League.[60] Kabaddi's growth has led to it spreading outside of South Asia as well, with countries such as South Korea and Iran playing it.[61][62] Kho-kho has also had a franchise league started for it, Ultimate Kho Kho;[63] the Pro Kabaddi League and Ultimate Kho Kho are respectively the most and third-most viewed non-cricket competitions in India.[64] Panja (arm wrestling) has a professional competition called the Pro Panja League; its exhibition events have received hundreds of millions of views on social media.[65] Whereas in the past, traditional Indian games were often played on mud surfaces in rural areas, in the modern day they are often played on matted surfaces with changes to their rule sets and other aspects of their appearance to make them more appealing and exciting.[66][67][68] Some traditional games are also being digitalized so that they can be played as video games (see Desi Adda: Games of India).[69][70][71][72][73]

In addition, the Indian government is starting the

Fit India movement has also contributed to the revival of traditional Indian games, with schools required to include such games as part of physical education.[77]

At the state level, the Chhattisgarhiya Olympics is an annual Chhattisgarhi competition meant for celebrating traditional games; over 3 million people likely participated in the 2023 edition.[78] The Qila Raipur Sports Festival has been celebrating traditional Punjabi sports since 1933.[79]

Traditional games

Gilli Danda

Gilli Danda is similar to many other games around the world, such as the English game of tip-cat, and also has similarities to the popular Indian sport of cricket.[80] It is a game where a player hits a short stick on the ground up into the air using a longer stick held in their hand. They then hit the airborne stick with the hand-held stick again so that it travels as far as possible. If a player on the other team catches the stick before it touches the ground, then the hitter is out (eliminated).[81][82]

Nondi

Main articles:
Nondi and Chindro

Nondi (known by several other regional names) is a game similar to hopscotch. In it, several connected boxes are drawn on the ground, and players throw a rock or similar object onto one of the boxes and then attempt to hop their way to the box the rock lands in.[83]

Ball games

A pile of seven stones and a ball that can be used to play the game of seven stones.

Seven stones

This section is an excerpt from Seven stones § Gameplay.[edit]
A member of one team (the seekers) throw a ball at a pile in an attempt to knock them over. The seekers try to restore the pile of stones while staying safe from the opposing team's (the hitters’) throws. The hitters' objective is to hit the seekers with the ball before they can reconstruct the stone pile. If the ball touches a seeker, that seeker is out and the team which the seeker came from continues, without the seeker. A seeker can always safeguard themselves by touching an opposite team member before the ball hits the seeker.

Maram pitti

This section is an excerpt from Maram Pitti.[edit]
Maram Pitti also known as Picchi Banti (పిచ్చి బంతి) in Telugu, is an Indian version of dodgeball. It is played with a rubber ball or tennis ball. It is played by a small group typically 5-6 in a small enclosed area or bylanes. It is also played solo, duo or in teams of 3+.[84]

Ball badminton

This section is an excerpt from Ball badminton.[edit]
Tanjore, the capital of Thanjavur district in Tamil Nadu, India. It enjoys the greatest popularity in India. Ball badminton is a fast-paced game; it demands skill, quick reflexes, good judgment, agility, and the ability to control the ball with one's wrist.[85]

Games involving simple objects

Marbles

Main article: Marbles (game)

Some Indian games involving marbles are also known as Kancha/Kanche or Golli Gundu. Several games are played involving players flicking marbles at other marbles, often in order to "capture" as many marbles as possible by the end of the game to win.[86][87][88]

Gutte

This section is an excerpt from Knucklebones § South Asia.[edit]
Children in Nepal playing astragaloi
In India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, the game is called anju kal ("5 stones"). It is played with 5–7 stones. It is played between two or more players in turn. The game is played in 5 rounds. Generally for first 4 rounds four stones are thrown on the floor. First round is to pick up 4 stones one by one. Second round is to pick 2 stones at a time. Third round is to pick 3 stones together and then pick one. Fourth round is to pick all four in one go. Last round is to toss all the stones from palm and place it on the back of the palm and then catch all four by tossing to above.

Variations of tag

Main article:
Variations of tag

There are several Indian variations of the game of

kho-kho being the two most popular such games and being played in professional leagues (Pro Kabaddi League and Ultimate Kho Kho respectively).[90][63]

Deciding who the denner is

See also: Tag (game) § Choosing a tagger

In many Indian

variations of tag, the player who is supposed to tag the other players is referred to as the "denner".[89][91] There are a number of ways of determining which player should be the denner; one such method is Saa Boo Three (also known as pugam pugai), in which three players face one of their hands either up or down, and if one of them faces their hand the opposite direction of the other two, then that player is the denner.[92][93]

Kabaddi

See also: Variations of kabaddi
This section is an excerpt from Kabaddi.[edit]
Kabaddi being played at the 2018 Asian Games
Kabaddi (/kəbədi/) is a contact team sport played between two teams of seven players, originating in ancient India.[94] The objective of the game is for a single player on offence, referred to as a "raider", to run into the opposing team's half of the court, touch out as many of their players as possible, and return to their own half of the court, all without being tackled by the defenders in 30 seconds. Points are scored for each player tagged by the raider, while the opposing team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players are taken out of the game if they are touched or tackled, but return to the game after each point scored by their team from a tag or tackle.

Kho-kho

See also:
Variations of kho kho
This section is an excerpt from Kho kho.[edit
]
Kho kho playing in Govt middle school, Nallambal, Karaikal

ancient India.[95][96] It is the second-most popular traditional tag game in the Indian subcontinent after kabaddi.[97] Kho kho is played on a rectangular court with a central lane connecting two poles which are at either end of the court. During the game, nine players from the chasing team (attacking team) are on the field, with eight of them sitting (crouched) in the central lane, while three runners from the defending team run around the court and try to avoid being touched.[96]
Each sitting player on the chasing team faces the opposite half of the field that their adjacent teammates are facing.

At any time, one player from the chasing team (the 'active chaser'/'attacker') may run around the court to attempt to tag (touch) members of the defending team, with one point scored per tag, and each tagged defender required to leave the field; however, the active chaser cannot cross the central lane to access the other half of the field, and cannot change direction once they start running toward either pole. The chasing team can get around these restrictions if the active chaser either switches roles with a sitting teammate (by touching them on the back while saying "Kho") who is facing the other half of the court and therefore has access to it, or runs to the area behind either pole and then switches direction/half. Each team has two turns to score and two turns to defend, with each turn lasting nine minutes. The team that scores the most points by the end of the game wins.[98]

The sport is widely played across South Asia, and also has a strong presence in the regions outside South Asia, such as South Africa and England. It is played most often by school children, and is also a competitive sport.[99] The first league of its kind called Ultimate Kho Kho was unveiled in India in August 2022.[100]

Langdi

This section is an excerpt from Langdi (sport).[edit]
School kids play langdi during a inter-school competition
Nondiyaattam" at that time. The teams alternate chasing (attacking) and defending roles in each of the 4 innings of the game, with the chasing team's players restricted to hopping around on one foot, and attempting to score points by tagging as many defenders as possible within the 9 minutes of each inning. It is described by Marathis as a sport with a Marathi ethos.[103]

Atya-patya

This section is an excerpt from Atya patya.[edit]
External videos
video icon Maharashtra – 27th Senior National Championship, August 2012,, Tamil Nadu semi-final match in YouTube video
video icon Senior National Atya Patya Championship,
Hyderabad 2012, final: Puducherry
v/s Maharashtra, YouTube video
Atya patya (Hindi: आट्यापाट्या) is a traditional South Asian tag sport played by two sides of nine players. It is more popular in rural areas of India. It is more commonly played in Maharashtra, a western Indian state.[104] Atya patya is described as a "game of feints".[105] The playing area comprises nine trenches, coming out of either side of a central trench; a point is awarded to the attacking team's players for each trench they cross without being tagged out by the defensive players within the trenches.[106] The game ends after 4 innings (scoring turns) of 7 minutes each, with each team having two innings to score. It has been described as a game of "militant chase".[107] The sport is played in a relatively small area and requires no equipment, similar to other games indigenous to India such as kabaddi, seven stones, kho kho, gillidanda and langdi.[105]

Chor Police

This section is an excerpt from Chor Police (game).[edit]
divided into two teams with no limit of players. One team acts as police and another one acts as thieves within a narrative.[111][112]
Police players chase chor (thieves) in an attempt to catch and mark them defeated.

Oonch Neech

This section is an excerpt from Oonch Neech.[edit]
In Oonch neech if the denner (tagger) says neech (down), all players have to go to an elevated area. If he says oonch (up) then all players have to stay down. Whatever the denner picks, he has to stay on that platform.

Dog and the bone

Main article: Steal the bacon

In Dog and the Bone (known by various names in India, such as "Cheel Jhapatta", and more commonly in other parts of the world as "steal the bacon"), there is an object placed in the centre of the field, with two teams placed on opposite ends of the field. One player from each team rushes towards the object to try to take it back to their team; a point is scored either if a player successfully retrieves the object, or if a player tags an opponent who is holding the object before the opponent safely makes it back.[9]

River or mountain

River or mountain, which is known as Nadee-Parvat in Hindi, and Nadi ki Pahad in Marathi and other regional languages, is a game where the field is divided into areas referred to as "rivers" and "mountains". At the start of play, the denner shouts out either "river" or "mountain", with all players then attempting to go to the areas referred to by the denner. While outside of those areas, the players can be tagged and eliminated by the denner.[9]

Surr

This section is an excerpt from Surr.[edit]
Surr playing field
The game is played on a rectangular field, divided into four equal quadrants, by two teams of two to four players each.[113] The attacking team gathers in one quadrant, and the defending team gathers along the quadrant's borders with the adjoining quadrants. The objective of the attacking team is to enter the other quadrants without being touched by the players of the defending team. If all the members of the attacking team manage to enter all the quadrants, the attacking team wins, and its members shout "Bol Den Goivan Surr!".[114] In an Awadhi variation, they sing "Bol Goiyan Banva Surr" ("बोल गोइयां बणवा सुर्र");[113] if they are touched by the defending team, they lose, and have to stand on the quadrant line as "thieves", and have to sing another phrase.[115]

Chain tag

Chain tag involves the denner tagging other players, who are then required to form a chain with the denner by holding hands. Only the two players at either end of the chain can tag the remaining players (since they have a free hand not trapped in the chain.) The game ends once all players are part of the chain.[9][116]

Lock and key

Also prominently known as Vish-Amrit/Vish-Amrut (Poison-Antidote), lock and key is similar to the Western game of

freeze tag, in which the denner(s) can "freeze" opponents by tagging them, with the frozen players' teammates able to "unfreeze" them by tagging them. A unique feature of lock and key is that players may be required to shout out "lock" or "key", as appropriate, when tagging other players.[9][117]

Aankh micholi

Blindfolded player in Aankh micholi

Aankh micholi is the Hindi name for blind man's buff (blindfolded tag).[118]

Kokla chappaki

See also: Duck, duck, goose

One player goes around all the other players, who sit in a circle, and eventually drops a handkerchief behind one of them. That player must grab the cloth and then attempt to tag the first player.[119]

Four corners

Main article: Four corners (game)

Players attempt to run between the four corners of a square without being tagged by the denner, who is in the middle of the square.[83] In a Telugu variation of the game, Nalugu Stambalata, there is a pole in each corner of the square that the players must touch.[9] In Maharashtra, the game is known as "Khamb-Khambolya".[120]

Gella-Chutt

This section is an excerpt from Gella-Chutt.[edit]
Gella-Chutt (transl. "the king ran away") is a traditional Indian game from Tripura.[121][122] In the game, one team has a king stationed in a "prison", which is at a distance from the "home" area. The goal of the king is to reach home with the help of his teammates ("guards") without being tagged by the opponents.[123]

Tree-climbing monkey

The denner tries to tag players who can climb up trees to escape; these players can try to touch a stick kept within a circle on the ground in order to become safe from the denner.[124][125] Variants of this game are also known as "Surparambya" or "Surparambi".[126][127][128][129]

Labbo-Daal

Also known as "kiss the stick" or "Soljhapta" in Bengali,[130] this variation of tree-climbing monkey sees the denner attempting to rush back to kiss the stick after tagging another player, while the other players try to thwart the denner by picking the stick up and throwing it away before the denner can kiss it.[131]

Chappa-pani

Players who are squatting can't be tagged by the denner in this game, but they can only stand up when touched by players who are standing up.[129][120] This game is also known as Uthali.[132]

Limbdi-pipali

See also:
Hang tag

Players can avoid being tagged in this game by climbing a tree.[132][b]

Vagh-bakri

Not to be confused with Bagh-chal.

One player is the "shepherd", and all but one of the players, known as "lambs" or "goats", form a chain behind the shepherd by grabbing each other's waists. The lambs are required to remain in this chain formation. The last player (the "tiger") has to try to capture the lambs by getting around the shepherd, who is allowed to move around. Once a lamb is tagged, they become the new tiger and play restarts.[129][120]

Board games

Main category: Indian board games

Indian board games have a long history, and have been found etched into the floors and surfaces of ancient temples throughout the country.[133][134][135]

Carrom

Main article: Carrom
The carrom board. Each of the four players must strike from between the two lines on their side of the board.

Carrom is played on a small board, with gameplay similar to

billiards (cue sports). The main unique feature of carrom is that players flick a puck-like object with their fingers in order to impact the other pieces on the board, with each of the four players having two designated lines on their side of the board between which they must flick/shoot their striking piece from.[136]

Chaturanga

This section is an excerpt from Chaturanga.[edit]
Indus Valley Civilization.[138]

Pachisi

This section is an excerpt from Pachisi.[edit]

Pachisi (/pəˈtʃiːzi/ pə-CHEE-zee, Hindustani: [pəˈtʃiːsiː]) is a cross and circle board game that originated in Ancient India. It is described in the ancient text Mahabharata under the name of "Pasha".[139] It is played on a board shaped like a symmetrical cross. A player's pieces move around the board based upon a throw of six or seven cowrie shells, with the number of shells resting with the aperture upward indicating the number of spaces to move.

In addition to
Ludo are among the many Westernised commercial versions of the game. The Jeu des petits chevaux (Game of Little Horses) is played in France, and Mensch ärgere Dich nicht is a popular German variant. It is also possible that this game led to the development of the Korean board game Yunnori, through the ancient kingdom Baekje
.

Lambs and tigers

This section is an excerpt from Lambs and tigers.[edit]
Three variations of empty grids on which this game can be played

The lambs and tigers game locally referred as the game of goats and tigers (Tamil: Āḍu-puli āṭṭam,

Kannada: Āḍu-huli āṭa) or Telugu: Pulijūdam, is a strategic, two-player (or 2 teams) leopard hunt game that is played in south India. The game is asymmetric in that one player controls three tigers and the other player controls up to 15 lambs/goats. The tigers 'hunt' the goats while the goats attempt to block the tigers' movements.[142]

Snakes and ladders

This section is an excerpt from Snakes and ladders.[edit]
players regarded today as a worldwide classic. The game originated in ancient India as Moksha Patam, and was brought to the United Kingdom in the 1890s. It is played on a game board with numbered, gridded squares. A number of "ladders" and "snakes" are pictured on the board, each connecting two specific board squares. The object of the game is to navigate one's game piece, according to die
rolls, from the start (bottom square) to the finish (top square), helped by climbing ladders but hindered by falling down snakes.

Snooker

This section is an excerpt from Snooker.[edit]
Four-time world champion Mark Selby playing at a practice table during the 2012 Masters tournament
Snooker (pronounced UK: /ˈsnuːkər/ SNOO-kər, US: /ˈsnʊkər/ SNUUK-ər)[143][144] is a cue sport played on a rectangular billiards table covered with a green cloth called baize, with six pockets, one at each corner and one in the middle of each long side. First played by British Army officers stationed in India in the second half of the 19th century, the game is played with twenty-two balls, comprising a white cue ball, fifteen red balls, and six other balls—a yellow, green, brown, blue, pink, and black—collectively called the colours. Using a cue stick, the individual players or teams take turns to strike the cue ball to pot other balls in a predefined sequence, accumulating points for each successful pot and for each time the opposing player or team commits a foul. An individual frame of snooker is won by the player who has scored the most points. A snooker match ends when a player reaches a predetermined number of frames.

Pallanguzhi

This section is an excerpt from Pallanguzhi.[edit]
A fish shaped pallankuli board
cowry shells, seeds or small pebbles used as counters.[149] There are several variations of the game depending on the number of shells each player starts with.[150]

Card games

Main category: Indian card games

Ganjifa

This section is an excerpt from Ganjifa.[edit]
Ganjifa, Ganjapa or Gânjaphâ,[151] is a card game and type of playing cards that are most associated with Persia and India. After Ganjifa cards fell out of use in Iran before the twentieth century, India became the last country to produce them.[152] The form prevalent in Odisha is Ganjapa.

Teen patti

This section is an excerpt from Teen patti.[edit]

three-card brag, with influences from poker
. It is also called flush or flash in some areas.

The game has its advantages and a culturally determined tie to Janmashtami, the celebration of Krishna’s birth.[154][155]

Boat racing

Main category: Boat races in India

Vallam kali

This section is an excerpt from Vallam kali.[edit]
Aranmula Boat in Uthrattathi Boat Race
canoe racing, and uses paddled war canoes. It is mainly conducted during the season of the harvest festival Onam in spring. Vallam kali includes races of many kinds of paddled longboats and 'snake boats'. Each team spends about ₹6 lakhs for the Nehru Trophy Boat Race.[156]

Hiyang Tannaba

This section is an excerpt from Hiyang Tannaba.[edit]
Hiyang Hiren are regarded as invested with spiritual powers and the game is associated with religious rites.[157][160] The Meiteis believe that the worship of the Hiyang Hiren will bring protection from evil spirits.[157]

Events involving animals

A Kambala participant driving his two bulls forward.

Kambala

Main article: Kambala

Kambala involves one person racing a pair of bulls across a paddy field.[161]

Jallikattu

This section is an excerpt from Jallikattu.[edit]

Bos indicus), such as the Pulikulam[163] or Kangayam breeds,[164] is released into a crowd of people, and many human participants attempt to grab the large hump on the bull's back with both arms and hang on to it while the bull attempts to escape. Participants hold the hump for as long as possible, attempting to bring the bull to a stop. In some cases, participants must ride long enough to remove flags on the bull's horns.[165][166]

Jallikattu is typically practised in some regions of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu (peculiarly in Southern and Western Tamil Nadu) as a part of Pongal celebrations on Mattu Pongal day, which occurs annually in January.

Polo

This section is an excerpt from Polo.[edit]
Players playing polo
goal
. Each team has four mounted riders, and the game usually lasts one to two hours, divided into periods called chukkas or chukkers.

Miscellaneous games

Antakshari

This section is an excerpt from Antakshari.[edit]
Bollywood songs) that begins with the consonant of Hindi alphabet
on which the previous contestant's song ended.

Kite-flying

This section is an excerpt from Fighter kite § India.[edit]
Fighter kites are known as patang in India.
Indian Independence Day.[171]

Panja (arm wrestling)

See also: Wrestling in India
This section is an excerpt from Arm wrestling.[edit]
Arm wrestling (also spelled armwrestling) is a sport with two opponents who face each other with their bent elbows placed on a table and hands firmly gripped, who then attempt to force the opponent's hand down to the table top ("pin" them). The sport is often casually used to demonstrate the stronger person between two or more people. Arm wrestling is an ancient sport that was revived in the 1950s in the United States. In September 1962, the first world wrestling championship was held in Petaluma, California, as this wrestling was called (literally, “wrist wrestling”).

Arm wrestling is a popular pastime in India, with India having a professional arm wrestling competition known as the Pro Panja League.[172]

Raja Mantri Chor Sipahi

This section is an excerpt from Raja Chor Mantri Sipahi.[edit]
Shuffled chits
Raja Mantri Chor Sipahi (transl.  King, Minister, thief and soldier) is a type of role-playing game that is a popular pastime in India. It involves four players—each player takes up the role of either the king, Minister, thief or soldier— and the Minister (Mantri) has to guess the identity of the thief. Along with other such games, its popularity has decreased in the 21st century.[173]

Toys

Bhatukali

See also: House (game)

Bhatukali involves children playing with a mock set of kitchen items, with the intention of being taught how to do kitchen-related work.[174][175][176] Bhatukali dates back to ancient times, as evidenced by its presence in literary works such as the Dnyaneshwari and Kama Sutra.[177]

Dug dugi

Dug dugi is a type of rattle for children to play with. A dug dugi has a core with strings on either side attached to small stone-like objects; once the dug dugi is shaken, the stones hit the core from either side to make sound.[177][178][179]

Gulel

Children often play with a slingshot ('gulel' in Hindi), which traditionally was also used for hunting purposes.[177]

Pambaram

This section is an excerpt from Pambaram.[edit]
Kannada: ಬುಗುರಿ), or Bongaram (Telugu: బొంగరం), is a traditional throwing top used mainly in India and Bangladesh.[180]

Regional games

Main articles: Traditional games of Andhra Pradesh, Punjabi sports (India) § Traditional Punjabi Sports and Games, Sports in Tamil Nadu § Traditional Sports, Bengali traditional games, Tripuri games and sports, List of traditional Naga games and sports, Sports in Maharashtra § Indigenous sports, Sports in Manipur, and Sport in Meghalaya § Traditional games

Yubi lakpi

This section is an excerpt from Yubi lakpi.[edit]

Pangal origin, and means literally "coconut snatching".[181]
Emma Levine, an English writer on little known Asian sports, speculates:

"Perhaps this was the root of modern rugby? Most Manipuris are quite adamant that the modern world 'stole' the idea from them and made it into rugby... this game, which has been around for centuries, is so similar to rugby, which evolved a great deal later, that it must be more than a coincidence."[182]

Dhopkhel

This section is an excerpt from Dhopkhel.[edit]
Dhopkhel is played by both indigenous Assamese men and women
ball game played in the Indian state of Assam. The game is played between two teams of 11 on a 125 m × 80 m field bounded by four flags. The players take turns throwing the ball at the opponent to knock them out of the game, while seeking to catch the ball and avoid being tagged by other players. It is a test of speed, stamina, and acrobatic skills.[183]

See also

  • Indian physical culture
  • History of India
  • List of Indian inventions and discoveries
  • Traditional games of Bangladesh
  • Traditional games of Pakistan
  • Traditional games of Andhra Pradesh

Notes

  1. ^ (Hindi: लंगड़ी) Also sometimes spelled Langadi.[101]
  2. ^ The name of the game refers to the limbdi and pipali trees.

References

  1. ^ Bharatan, Nisha (2020-12-16). "List Of Top 25 Traditional (Desi) Indian Games For Kids". MomJunction. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
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Further reading

External links

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