Treaty of Zaragoza
antimeridian (green), set by the Treaty of Zaragoza, 1529 | |
Signed | 22 April 1529 |
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Location | Zaragoza, Aragon |
Parties |
The Treaty of Zaragoza or Saragossa, also called the Capitulation of Zaragoza or Saragossa, was a
Background
In response to earlier vague
A Portuguese expedition under
Letters describing the Spice Islands from Serrão to
After the
Conference of Badajoz–Elvas
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2018) |
In 1524, both kingdoms organised the "Junta de Badajoz–Elvas" to resolve the dispute. Each crown appointed three
The Portuguese delegation sent by King João III included António de Azevedo Coutinho,
An amusing story is said to have taken place at this meeting. According to contemporary Castilian writer Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, a small boy stopped the Portuguese delegation and asked if they intended to divide up the world. The delegation answered that they were. The boy responded by baring his backside and suggesting that they draw their line through his butt crack.[5][6][7]
The board met several times, at
Between 1525 and 1528 Portugal sent several expeditions to the area around Maluku Islands.
On the other hand, in addition to the
On 10 February 1525, Charles V's younger sister
Treaty
The Treaty of Zaragoza laid down that the eastern border between the two domain zones was 297+1⁄2 leagues (1,763 kilometres, 952 nautical miles)[note 4], or 17° east, of the Maluku Islands.[11] This left the islands within the Portuguese domain. In exchange, the King of Portugal paid Emperor Charles V 350,000 gold ducats. The treaty included a safeguard clause which stated that the deal would be undone if at any time the emperor wished to revoke it, with the Portuguese being reimbursed the money they had to pay, and each nation "will have the right and the action as that is now." That never happened, however, because the emperor desperately needed the Portuguese money to finance the War of the League of Cognac against his archrival Francis I of France.
The treaty did not clarify or modify the line of demarcation established by the Treaty of Tordesillas, nor did it validate Spain's claim to equal
Under the treaty, Portugal gained control of all lands and seas west of the line, including all of Asia and its neighbouring islands so far "discovered", leaving Spain with most of the Pacific Ocean. Although the Philippines was not mentioned in the treaty, Spain implicitly relinquished any claim to it because it was well west of the line. Nevertheless, by 1542, King Charles V had decided to colonise the Philippines, assuming that Portugal would not protest too vigorously because the archipelago had no spices. Although he failed in his attempt, King Philip II succeeded in 1565, establishing the initial Spanish trading post at Manila. As his father had expected, there was little opposition from the Portuguese.[13]
In later times, Portuguese colonization in Brazil during the Iberian Union extended far west of the line defined in the Treaty of Tordesillas and into what would have been Spanish territory under the treaty. In 1750, new limits were drawn in the Treaty of Madrid, establishing the current limits of Brazil.
See also
Notes
- García Jofre de Loaísa (1525–1526) aimed to occupy and colonise the Moluccas. The fleet of seven ships and 450 men included the most notable Spanish navigators including Juan Sebastián Elcano, who lost his life in this expedition, and the young Andrés de Urdaneta.
- Torre do Tombo, include a letter written by Lopo Homem, Portuguese cartographer and cosmographer, alluding to the quarrel between the two kingdoms over the sovereign rights of each.
- ^ As an example of this partiality, the chief advisor to Charles V, Jean Carondelet, possessed a globe by Franciscus Monachus which showed the islands in the Spanish hemisphere.
- ^ Using the legua náutica (nautical league) of four Roman miles totalling 5.926 km, used by Spain for navigation during the 15th and 16th centuries.[10]
References
- ISBN 978-0-340-69676-7.
- ISBN 0-87169-248-1
- ^ Hannard, Willard A. (1991). Indonesian Banda: Colonialism and its Aftermath in the Nutmeg Islands. Bandanaira: Yayasan Warisan dan Budaya Banda Naira.
- ISBN 81-206-0451-2
- ^ d'Anghiera, Pietro Martire (1555). "¶ The reparticion and diuision of the Indies and newe worlde betwene the Spany∣ardes and the Portugales.". The decades of the newe worlde or west India conteynyng the nauigations and conquestes of the Spanyardes, with the particular description of the moste ryche and large landes and ilandes lately founde in the west ocean perteynyng to the inheritaunce of the kinges of Spayne. ... Wrytten in the Latine tounge by Peter Martyr of Angleria, and translated into Englysshe by Rycharde Eden. Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. pp. 242–. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
- ^ Bergreen, Laurence. Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe. 2003. E-book.
- Brotton, Jerry. "A History of the World in 12 Maps."Google Books. 13 July 2018.
- ^ Antonio Galvano, Richard Hakluyt, C R Drinkwater Bethune, The discoveries of the world: from their original unto the year of our Lord 1555, The Hakluyt Society, 1862, a partir da tradução inglesa de 1601 da edição portuguesa em Lisboa, 1563
- ^ Luis Filipe F. R. Thomaz, The image of the Archipelago in Portuguese cartography of the 16th and early 17th centuries, Persee, 1995, Volume 49 pages: 56
- ^ Roland Charon, "The linear league in North America", Annals of the Association of American Geographers 70 (1980) 129–153, pp. 142, 144, 151.
- ^ Emma Helen Blair, The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803, part 3
- ^ Delaney, John. "Demarcation Lines". Strait Through: Magellan to Cook & the Pacific. Princeton University Library. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ISBN 9789715425681. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
External links
- Bernal, Cristóbal, Transcription of the Spanish-language version of the treaty (PDF) (in Spanish).
- Miyakawa, Yasuo (2000), "The Changing Iconography of Japanese Political Geography", GeoJournal, vol. 52, Springer, pp. 345–352, JSTOR 41147573.