Wembley Stadium (1923)
Tenants | |
---|---|
England national football team (1923–2000) Wembley Lions speedway team (1946–1957, 1970–1971) Wales national rugby union team (1997–1999) Arsenal (UEFA matches, 1998–2000) London Monarchs (1991–1992) Leyton Orient FC (1930) Argonauts (1928–1930)[2] |
The original Wembley Stadium (/ˈwɛmbli/; originally known as the Empire Stadium) was a football stadium in Wembley, London, best known for hosting important football matches. It stood on the same site now occupied by its successor and by its predecessor, Watkin's Tower.
Wembley hosted the FA Cup final annually, the first in 1923, which was the stadium's inaugural event, the League Cup final annually, five European Cup finals, the 1966 World Cup final, and the final of Euro 1996. Brazilian footballer Pelé once said of the stadium: "Wembley is the cathedral of football. It is the capital of football and it is the heart of football",[3] in recognition of its status as the world's most famous football stadium.
The stadium also hosted many other sports events, including the 1948 Summer Olympics, rugby league's Challenge Cup final, and the 1992 and 1995 Rugby League World Cup finals. It was also the venue for numerous music events, including the 1985 Live Aid charity concert. In what was the first major WWF (now WWE) pay-per-view to take place outside North America, it hosted the 1992 SummerSlam.
History
The stadium's first turf was cut by
The stadium cost £750,000 (equivalent to approximately £46 million in 2020) and was constructed on the site of a
At the end of the exhibition, which proved to be a financial disappointment, the site at Wembley was considered by many to be a vast 'white elephant'. It was bought by a property speculator, James White, who planned to sell off the buildings for redevelopment, including the stadium which had been the centrepiece of the exhibition. Arthur Elvin, an ex-RFC officer who had worked in a tobacco kiosk at the exhibition and had previous experience working for a scrap metal firm, was employed by White to oversee the sale of the buildings and the clearance of the Wembley site.
The stadium had gone into liquidation after it was pronounced "financially unviable".[13] After nine months, having earned a good sum from selling various buildings on the site, Elvin agreed to buy the stadium from White for a total of £127,000 as a £12,000 downpayment and the balance plus interest payable over ten years.[14]
Facing personal bankruptcy, White killed himself at his home, King Edward's Place, in 1927. This caused financial complications for Elvin, requiring him to raise money within two weeks to buy the stadium before it too was demolished. He was able to finance this by forming the 'Wembley Stadium and Greyhound Racecourse Company'. He raised the money to buy the stadium at the original price he had agreed with White, then immediately sold it back to the company, leaving him with a healthy personal profit. Instead of cash, he received shares in the company, which gave him the largest individual stake in Wembley Stadium, and subsequently became chairman.[14]
The electric scoreboard and the all-encircling roof, made from aluminium and translucent glass, were added in 1963.[15]
The stadium's distinctive
The cities of Birmingham and Coventry launched bids to become the new home of England's football team[17][18] following disputes and a political row regarding the new Wembley's construction.[19] These bids were ultimately unsuccessful as the FA chose in 2002 to keep the national team at the new Wembley once completed.
Football
Wembley is best known for hosting football matches, having hosted the FA Cup Final annually as well as numerous England International fixtures.
White Horse Final
The Empire Stadium was built in exactly 300 days at the cost of £750,000. Described as the world's greatest sporting arena, it was ready only four days before the "White Horse" final in 1923. The FA had not considered admission by ticket, grossly underestimating the number of fans who arrived at the 104 gates on match day. However, after this match, every event apart from the 1982 replay[20] was ticketed.
The first event held at the stadium was the
It was thought that the match would not be played because of the number of spectators inside the stadium that had spilled onto the pitch, until mounted police, including Police Constable
Matthews Final
The 1953 FA Cup final between Blackpool and Bolton Wanderers was dubbed the "Matthews final" after Blackpool's winger Stanley Matthews. At age 38, he was making his third and ultimately his final attempt at winning an FA Cup medal.[25] In the previous six years, he failed to earn a winner's medal against Manchester United in 1948 and Newcastle United in 1951.[25] It featured a hat-trick by Blackpool's Stan Mortensen in his side's 4–3 win, with Matthews almost single-handedly turning the match around for Blackpool, who had trailed 3–1 to Bolton Wanderers before fighting back to win the match. It remained the only hat-trick ever scored in an FA Cup Final at the original Wembley.
The FA Cup final was played there in April or May until 2000 (excluding the 1970 replay when
International fixtures
Prior to the 1923 Wembley stadium, international football games had been played by
In 1966, it was the leading venue of the FIFA World Cup. It hosted nine matches, including the final, where tournament hosts England won 4–2 after extra time against West Germany.[29] Seven years later, Wembley was the venue for a specially arranged friendly between teams called "The Three" and "The Six" to celebrate the United Kingdom joining the European Economic Community. The match finished 2–0 to "The Three".
In 1996, it was the principal venue of UEFA Euro 1996, hosting all of England's matches, as well as the tournament's final, where Germany won the UEFA European Championship for a third time after defeating the Czech Republic 2–1 with the first international golden goal in football history. Germany had earlier defeated England on penalties in the semi-final after a 1–1 draw, with Gareth Southgate having his penalty saved against England in the shoot-out.
England's final two competitive matches played at the stadium resulted in 0–1 defeats for England to Scotland and Germany respectively. The first defeat was in the play off for the Euro 2000 qualifiers in November 1999, but England still went through as they won the other leg 2–0 at Hampden Park. However, the final match at Wembley was the opening qualifier for the 2002 World Cup, and defeat prompted the resignation of England manager Kevin Keegan at the end of the match after just 18 months in charge.
1966 World Cup
Date | Time (BST) |
Team #1 | Score | Team #2 | Round | Attendance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 July 1966 | 19:30 | England | 0–0 | Uruguay | Group 1 | 87,148 |
13 July 1966 | 19:30 | France | 1–1 | Mexico | 69,237 | |
16 July 1966 | 19:30 | England | 2–0 | Mexico | 92,570 | |
19 July 1966 | 16:30 | Mexico | 0–0 | Uruguay | 61,112 | |
20 July 1966 | 19:30 | England | 2–0 | France | 98,370 | |
23 July 1966 | 15:00 | England | 1–0 | Argentina | Quarter-finals | 90,584 |
25 July 1966 | 19:30 | England | 2–1 | Portugal | Semi-finals | 94,493 |
28 July 1966 | 19:30 | Portugal | 2–1 | Soviet Union | 3rd place match | 87,696 |
30 July 1966 | 15:00 | England | 4–2 ( a.e.t. ) |
West Germany | Final | 96,924 |
Euro 1996
Date | Time (BST) |
Team #1 | Score | Team #2 | Round | Attendance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 June 1996 | 15:00 | England | 1–1 | Switzerland | Group A | 76,567 |
15 June 1996 | 15:00 | Scotland | 0–2 | England | 76,864 | |
18 June 1996 | 19:30 | Netherlands | 1–4 | England | 76,798 | |
22 June 1996 | 15:00 | Spain | 0–0 ( a.e.t.) )(2–4 pen. |
England | Quarter-finals | 75,440 |
26 June 1996 | 19:30 | Germany | 1–1 ( a.e.t.) )(6–5 pen. |
England | Semi-finals | 75,862 |
30 June 1996 | 19:00 | Czech Republic | 1–2 ( a.e.t. ) |
Germany | Final |
73,611 |
Club football
In all, the stadium hosted five European Cup finals, a record for the continent's top football tournament until the inauguration of the new Wembley Stadium in 2007. The first two were 1963 final between Milan and Benfica, and the 1968 final between Manchester United and Benfica. In 1971, it again hosted the final, between Ajax and Panathinaikos, and once more in 1978, this time between Liverpool and Club Brugge, another in 1992, when Barcelona played Sampdoria.
Wembley has also hosted two European Cup Winners' Cup finals: in 1965, when West Ham United defeated 1860 Munich, and in 1993, when Parma defeated Royal Antwerp.
It was also the venue for Arsenal's home Champions League matches in 1998–99 and 1999–2000. It has hosted clubs' home matches on two other occasions; in 1930, when Leyton Orient played two home Third Division South matches while their Lea Bridge Stadium was undergoing urgent remedial works;[30] and in 1930–31 for eight matches by non-League Ealing A.F.C.[31] It was also to be the home of the amateur club which made several applications to join the Football League, the Argonauts.[31]
In March 1998, Arsenal made a bid to purchase Wembley in the hope of gaining a larger stadium to replace their Highbury ground, which had a capacity of less than 40,000 and was unsuitable for expansion. However, the bid was later abandoned in favour of building the 60,000 capacity Emirates Stadium, which was opened in 2006.[32]
Last matches
On 20 May 2000, the
The last club match of all was the 2000 Charity Shield, in which Chelsea defeated Manchester United 2–0. The last international match was on 7 October,[35] in Kevin Keegan's last game as England manager. England were defeated 0–1 by Germany, with Dietmar Hamann scoring the last goal at the original Wembley.[36] On that day,
Other sports
Rugby league
In the sport of
The stadium set the international record crowd for a rugby league game when 73,631 turned out for the 1992 Rugby League World Cup final between Great Britain and Australia (since beaten by the 74,468 attendance for the 2013 RLWC Final at Old Trafford).[41] The Mal Meninga-led Australian team won the game 10–6 on the back of a Steve Renouf try in the north-east corner and Meninga's goal kicking. The 1995 World Cup Final between England and Australia was also played at Wembley with 66,540 spectators watching Australia win 16–8. The final of the 1999 Challenge Cup was the last to be played at the stadium and was attended by 73,242 fans, with the annual fixture moving to other grounds (Murrayfield Stadium, Millennium Stadium and Twickenham) before returning to the new Wembley upon its completion in 2007.
Internationals
Game# | Date | Result | Attendance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 18 January 1930 | Australia def. Wales 26–10 | 20,000 | 1929–30 Kangaroo Tour |
2 | 30 December 1933 | Australia def. Wales 51–19 | 10,000 | 1933–34 Kangaroo Tour |
3 | 12 March 1949 | France def. England 12–5 | 15,000 | European Rugby League Championship First French national team (any sport) to win at Wembley |
4 | 16 October 1963 | Australia def. Great Britain 22–16 | 13,946 | 1963 Ashes series |
5 | 3 November 1973 | Great Britain def. Australia 21–12 | 9,874 | 1973 Ashes series |
6 | 27 October 1990 | Great Britain def. Australia 19–12 | 54,569 | 1990 Ashes series
|
7 | 24 October 1992 | Australia def. Great Britain 10–6 | 73,631 | 1992 Rugby League World Cup final New international rugby league attendance record. |
8 | 16 October 1993 | Great Britain def. New Zealand 17–0 | 36,131 | 1993 Great Britain vs New Zealand series |
9 | 22 October 1994 | Great Britain def. Australia 8–4 | 57,034 | 1994 Ashes series
|
10 | 7 October 1995 | England def. Australia 20–16 | 41,271 | 1995 Rugby League World Cup Group A |
11 | 28 October 1995 | Australia def. England 16–8 | 66,540 | 1995 Rugby League World Cup final |
12 | 1 November 1997 | Australia (SL) def. Great Britain 38–14 | 41,135 | 1997 Super League Test series |
1948 Summer Olympics
Wembley was the main venue for the 1948 Summer Olympics, with
Speedway
Between 1936 and 1960 Wembley hosted all of the first 15 finals of the Speedway World Championship. It hosted another nine World Finals before the last one at Wembley took place in 1981 in front of 92,500 fans, just shy of the venue's record speedway attendance of 95,000 set at the 1938 World Final.[43]
Riders who won the World Championship at Wembley include; inaugural champion Lionel Van Praag (Australia), Jack Milne (United States), Bluey Wilkinson (Australia), Tommy Price (England), Freddie Williams (Wales), Jack Young (Australia – the first two-time winner, first back-to-back winner and the first second division rider to win the title), Ronnie Moore (New Zealand), Ove Fundin (Sweden), Barry Briggs (New Zealand), Peter Craven (England), Björn Knutson (Sweden), Ole Olsen (Denmark), Bruce Penhall (United States – the winner of the 1981 World Final), and legendary New Zealand rider Ivan Mauger. With four wins, Sweden's Ove Fundin won the most World Championships at Wembley, winning in 1956, 1960, 1963 and 1967.
Wembley also hosted the Final of the Speedway World Team Cup in 1968, 1970 and 1973 won by Great Britain (1968 and 1973) and Sweden (1970).
The speedway track at Wembley Stadium was 345 metres (377 yards) in length and was notoriously difficult to ride for those not used to it. Despite regularly being used for World Championship and other British championship meetings, Wembley long had a reputation as a track that was difficult to pass on which often led to processional racing. Among those who never performed well there despite their credentials include 1973 World Champion Jerzy Szczakiel (who won his title at home in Poland and two weeks later under difficult circumstances failed to score in the World Team Cup Final at Wembley), while others such as Ivan Mauger and Ole Olsen often seemed to find their best form at the stadium. The track itself was located inside of the greyhound racing track, but intersected the stadium's playing field at the corners. The pits were located in the tunnel at the eastern end of the stadium.
The track record at Wembley will forever be held by Denmark's World Champion of 1984, 1985 & 1988 Erik Gundersen. In Heat 6 of the 1981 World Final, Gundersen set the 4-lap record (clutch start) of 66.8 seconds. As this was the last time the stadium was used for speedway racing, it remains the track record.
Stock car racing
Two meetings were held at Wembley in 1974 promoted by Trevor Redmond. The first meeting held featured BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars and National Hot Rods. The second meeting featured the BriSCA Formula 2 Stock Cars World Final with F1's in support. Before the first meeting the Wembley groundsman threatened to resign over possible damage to the hallowed turf. The pitch was surrounded by wooden beams and little damage was caused.[44]
Rugby union
Though the venue was not traditionally a regular host of
Date | Competition | Home team | Away team | Attendance | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
17 October 1992 | 1992 Autumn International Series | England | 26 | Canada | 13 | |
29 November 1997 | 1997 Autumn International Series | Wales | 7 | New Zealand | 42 | 76,000 |
5 April 1998 | 1998 Five Nations Championship | 0 | France | 51 | 75,000 | |
7 March 1998 | 19 | Scotland | 13 | 72,000 | ||
14 November 1998 | 1998 Autumn International Series | 20 | South Africa | 28 | 55,000 | |
20 February 1999 | 1999 Five Nations Championship | 23 | Ireland | 29 | 76,000 | |
11 April 1999 | 32 | England | 31 | 76,000 |
Greyhound racing
Wembley was a regular venue for greyhound racing. It was the first sport Sir Arthur Elvin introduced to the stadium.[45] The opening meeting was in 1927.[46][47] The greyhound racing provided the stadium with its main source of regular income, especially in the early decades, and continued to attract crowds of several thousand up until the early 1960s.[45] The stadium staged its last greyhound race meeting in December 1998 with the owners, the Greyhound Racing Association, citing economic reasons and the lack of plans for a greyhound track in the stadium's redevelopment.[48]
Two of the biggest events in the greyhound racing calendar were the
Wembley's owners' refusal to cancel the regular greyhound racing meant that the match between Uruguay and France in the 1966 FIFA World Cup was played at White City.[45]
American football
The
Gaelic football
From 1958 until the mid-1970s, hurling and gaelic football tournaments known as the "Wembley Tournaments" were held at Wembley Stadium to bring the Irish sports to expatriates in Britain at the time. Several Gaelic football games were played in Wembley Stadium, most of them exhibition matches, most notably Kerry and Down in 1961.
Horse of the year show
In April 1970 this show jumping event was held at Wembley Stadium. This left the grass turf in poor condition for the FA Cup Final a week later.[49]
Other events
The stadium also staged women's field hockey matches in which England appeared in their annual match between 1951 and 1969 and then from 1971 to 1991.
On 18 June 1963, Wembley hosted a heavyweight boxing match between London native boxer Henry Cooper and American rising star Muhammad Ali in front of 35,000 spectators.
On 26 May 1975, in front of 90,000 people, Evel Knievel crashed while trying to land a jump over 13 single decker city buses, an accident which resulted in his initial retirement from his daredevil life.[50]
In 1992, the World Wrestling Federation (now known as WWE) drew a sellout of 80,355 when SummerSlam was hosted at Wembley Stadium. In the main event, English wrestler Davey Boy Smith won the Intercontinental Championship from Bret Hart. As of April 2023, WWE considers this to be their seventh largest live gate in history behind only WrestleMania 32 (2016), which drew a reported 101,763, WrestleMania III (1987), which drew a reported 93,173, WrestleMania 35, which drew 82,265, WrestleMania 39 (2023) Night 2 and Night 1, which drew 81,395 and 80,497, respectively, and WrestleMania 29 (2013), which drew 80,676 fans.
Music
The stadium became a musical venue in August 1972 with
Other charity concerts which took place in the stadium were the Human Rights Now! concert, The Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute Concert, Nelson Mandela: An International Tribute for a Free South Africa Concert, The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert for AIDS Awareness and the NetAid charity concert.
Acts who played at Wembley Stadium include:
- Michael Jackson: Live at Wembley July 16, 1988) was released on 18 September 2012.[53]
- Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young played 14 September 1974. Guests included Joni Mitchell, The Band, Jesse Colin Young.
- The Who played on 18 August 1979: "The Who And Friends Roar In". This was the band's first major concert after the death of drummer Keith Moon the previous year following a series of smaller warm-ups.[55]
- Simon and Garfunkelperformed there on 19 June 1982.
- The Rolling Stones performed there in 1982, 1990, 1995 and 1999.
- Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band played three times on the 1984–85 Born in the U.S.A. Tour, and twice in 1988, once during the Tunnel of Love Express Tour and the second time as a part of Human Rights Now!. The Tunnel of Love Express Tour date is the biggest crowd for a concert at Wembley: 80,000 people. Springsteen was supposed to play two shows at Wembley but a scheduled Mike Tyson Boxing fight made that impossible as Wembley only took a certain amount of dates a year for football, concerts and sports. He also performed once in 2013 and once in 2016 at Wembley Stadium.[56]
- Zooropa" tour on 11–12 and 20–21 August 1993.[57]
- Wham! played their last concert titled The Final on 28 June 1986.[58][59]
- Rod Stewart performed there in 1986, 1991 and 1995
- Queen performed two nights on 11 and 12 July 1986, on The Magic Tour, with the concert on 12 July recorded for a live album with edited video released on VHS as Queen at Wembley and full version released on DVD as Queen: Live at Wembley Stadium.[60] On 20 April 1992, The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert took place at Wembley, a concert which featured the surviving members of Queen and various guests.[61]
- David Bowie performed two nights on 19 and 20 June 1987, on his Glass Spider Tour.
- Genesis Live at Wembley Stadium.[62]
- Madonna had eight shows on 18, 19, 20 August 1987, 20, 21, 22 July 1990 and 25 and 26 September 1993.[63]
- Pink Floyd performed two shows in August 1988, on the A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour. World War II searchlights were used outside the stadium for dramatic effect for approaching fans.
- .
- Bros performed there on 19 August 1989, during their Bros in 2 Summer concert.
- Simple Minds played on 26 August 1989 as part of their Street Fighting Years tour.
- INXS had a concert on 13 July 1991 that was recorded and released as a VHS/DVD with the name Live Baby Live).[citation needed]
- Guns N' Roses performed there on 31 August 1991, and 13 June 1992, as part of their Use Your Illusion Tour. On the 13 June 1992 concert, Brian May was the special guest.
- Simply Red performed there on 11 and 12 July 1992.
- Prince performed there on 31 July 1993.
- Jean-Michel Jarre performed there on 28 August 1993.
- Live from London. They also played on 19 and 20 August 2000, and were the last musical act to play at the old Wembley before it was closed.[64]
- Tina Turner (4 sold-out concerts at Wembley Stadium, two in July 1996 and two in July 2000. Recorded during her Twenty Four Seven Tour for the One Last Time Live in Concert DVD in the year 2000).[65]
- Eagles did 2 nights in 1996 as part of their Hell Freezes Over Tour.[66]
- Delirious? and Noel Richards performed there on 28 June 1997.
- The Spice Girls had shows on 19 and 20 September 1998 to a crowd of 110,000; one was recorded and released as a VHS/DVD.[69]
- The Bee Gees did the "One Night Only" Tour on 5 September 1998 to a crowd in excess of 56,000.[70]
- Aerosmith with support from Lenny Kravitz were the guests at the Twin Towers Ball on 26 June 1999.
- Celine Dion performed twice, including 11 & 12 July 1999 as part of her Let's Talk About Love World Tour, performing to 80,000 people each night.[71]
- Oasis performed twice, 21 and 22 July 2000, recorded their video and album Familiar to Millions at Wembley and they were the last UK band to headline at the old Wembley.[72]
In popular culture
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2017) |
Literature
Cecil Freeman Gregg's crime novel Tragedy at Wembley (Methuen, 1936) sees his detective character Inspector Cuthbert Higgins investigate a murder at the stadium.[73]
Cinema
The 1948 Olympic Marathon and the 1923 Stadium feature in the South Korean war film My Way (2011), though the marathon is clearly filmed in Riga, rather than London, and the stadium standing in for Wembley has an anachronistic electronic scoreboard.[74]
The stadium also features in the 2001 mockumentary film Mike Bassett: England Manager.
In the 2018 Queen biopic Bohemian Rhapsody the stadium was digitally recreated for the Live Aid scene.
Television
John Betjeman is shown standing in the Stadium in his 1973 BBC film Metroland, though, as John Bale has pointed out in Anti-Sport Sentiments in Literature: Batting for the Opposition (Routledge, 2007), he shows no real interest in Wembley's sporting connections, either here or elsewhere.[75]
In
Urban myth
There is a persistent myth that a small locomotive met with a mishap when Watkin's Folly was being demolished, or the Empire Stadium built, and was buried under what became the "sacred turf" (though in some versions it is a carriage filled with rubble). When the stadium was rebuilt no locomotive or carriage (or stone circle...) was found, though the foundations of Watkin's tower were.[76]
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- ^ "OASIS KICK OFF AT WEMBLEY | NME". NME Music News, Reviews, Videos, Galleries, Tickets and Blogs | NME.COM. 23 July 2000. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ "Golden Age of Detection Wiki". Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ "Marathon race in 1948 Olympic Games". 19 June 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ISBN 978-0415596251.
- ^ "Once Upon a Train (Railway Myths and Legends)". The Beauty of Transport. 27 February 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2016. "JISCMail – BRITARCH Archives". www.jiscmail.ac.uk. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
External links
- "The Stadium in Wembley Park". The Engineer. 6 April 1923. Retrieved 26 August 2013. – Architectural drawings and plans of the 1923 stadium
- Old Wembley Stadium @worldstadia.com
- Wembley Stadium & the 1948 Olympics – UK Parliament Living Heritage
- Wembley trivia
- Extract from Vintage Speedway Magazine – Wembley The Last Amen
- White Horse Cup Final – The Times
Events and tenants | ||
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Preceded by | 2000
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Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Summer Olympics Main venue (Olympic Stadium) 1948 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Summer Olympics Athletics competitions Main venue 1948 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Summer Olympics Men's football final venue 1948 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by Olympisch Stadion Amsterdam |
1963
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Succeeded by |
Preceded by | 1965
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Succeeded by |
Preceded by | FIFA World Cup Opening venue 1966 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | FIFA World Cup Final venue 1966 |
Succeeded by Estadio Azteca
Mexico City |
Preceded by | European Cup Final venue 1968 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | European Cup Final venue 1971
|
Succeeded by |
Preceded by Stadio Olimpico
Rome |
European Cup Final venue 1978
|
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | World Games Main venue 1985 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | European Cup Final venue 1992
|
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Succeeded by | |
Preceded by | 1993
|
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | 1996
|
Succeeded by |