1911 Revolution in Xinjiang

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1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
Part of the 1911 Revolution
Date1911-1912
Location
Xinjiang
Result Revolutionary victory
Belligerents
 Qing dynasty Gelaohui[1] and Ili Revolutionaires
Commanders and leaders
Qing dynasty Yuan Dahua
Qing dynasty Zhirui †[2]
Qing dynasty Guangfu
Qing dynasty Wang Peilan		 Yang Zuanxu
Strength
Several thousand Provincial Chinese troops
Manchu bannermen		 Gelaohui rebels and Ili Revolutionaries, made out of Han Chinese, Hui Muslims, and Uyghurs[3]

The 1911 Revolution spread from China proper to Xinjiang, where fighting occurred between Qing loyalists and the Anti-Qing Revolutionary Party (反清革命党人). Fighting took place mainly in Yili.[4]

Background

The Han Gelaohui had infiltrated the Qing military in Xinjiang during the Dungan Revolt (1895–1896) and allegedly planned to help the Hui rebels before the Hui rebels were crushed.[5]

After the success of the

Xuantong Emperor to move westward, in an attempt to build the capital in Kulun (now Ulaanbaatar of Mongolia) or Altay to cede the northwest, and continue to confront the revolutionary army. When the members of Revolutionary Party in Wuhan learned of this situation, they immediately told their members in Xinjiang, and the 1911 Revolution broke out in Xinjiang on November 28, 1911.[6]

Fighting

The last

Tianshan Mountains
, Yuan "cannot deal with the revolutionaries, hears the wind and loses gall" (穷于应付, 闻风丧胆),[7] and finally had to "flee into the Shanhai Pass",[8] on the other hand, he did not want to work for the Republic of China.[9] The Ili revolutionaries and the Gelaohui were then suppressed by Yang.[10] Yang appointed Ma Fuxing as military commander of 2,000 Chinese Muslim troops, to crush Yang's rivals. President Yuan Shikai recognized his rule, appointing him Provincial Governor of Xinjiang.[11] The revolutionaries printed new multi-lingual media.[12]

Modern evaluation

Some Chinese

historians believe that the success of the 1911 Revolution in Xinjiang (Yili) completely broke the Qing Emperor's plan of moving westward, and directly promoted the abdication of Xuantong Emperor, which has not yet received much attention in the field of Chinese historiography. The Revolution eradicated the last "life-saving straw" ("救命稻草") of the Qing Dynasty.[13]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-521-25514-1
    .
  2. ISBN 978-1134612222
    . Retrieved 2014-06-28.
  3. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3
    . Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  4. ^ A Brief History of Uyghur Nationality. Institute of Ethnic Studies of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1963. pp. 76–.
  5. ISBN 978-1136576096
    .
  6. Sohu.com
    . Oct 9, 2011.
  7. ISBN 9787540902575
    .
  8. ^ Wu Yannan (1982). A Short History of Modern China. Fujian People's Publishing House. p. 129.
  9. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3
    . Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  10. ^ Colloquium on the Seventieth Anniversary of the 1911 Revolution (1983). Colloquium on the Seventieth Anniversary of the 1911 Revolution. Zhonghua Book Company. p. 1688.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ISBN 0-521-25514-7
    . Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  12. ISBN 978-90-04-28809-6
    .
  13. ^ "Xinhai Revolution in Xinjiang: Qing Dynasty's plan of moving westward shattered". China News Service. Oct 7, 2011.
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