The year 1959 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
January 2 – Soviet spacecraft Luna 1 is launched by a Vostok rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome; the first man-made object to attain escape velocity, it is intended to impact Earth's Moon, but an error causes it instead to become the first spacecraft to fly by the Moon and the first man-made object to enter heliocentric orbit.
March 3 – Lunar probe Pioneer 4 becomes the first American object to escape dominance by Earth's gravity.
April 9 –
military pilots to become the first United States astronauts, later known as the 'Mercury Seven
'.
May 28 –
Cape Canaveral
in the United States along with living microorganisms and plant seeds. Successful recovery makes them the first living beings to return safely to Earth after space flight.
June 25 – A KH-1
Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, aboard a Thor-Agena
rocket.
July 7 – At 14:28 UT Venusoccults the star Regulus. The rare event (which will next occur on October 1, 2044) is used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of Venus' atmosphere.
August 7 – The United States launches the Explorer 6 satellite from the Atlantic Missile Range in Cape Canaveral.
August 14 – Explorer 6 sends the first picture of Earth from orbit.
September 14 – Soviet spacecraft Luna 2 becomes the first man-made object to crash on Earth's Moon.
September 19 –
SETI with the publishing of their seminal paper "Searching for Interstellar Communications" in Nature
.
October 7 – Russian probe Luna 3 sends back the first images of the far side of Earth's Moon.
October 13 – The United States launches Explorer 7.
^Grassé, P.-P. (1959). "La reconstruction du nid et les coordinations inter-individuelles chez Belicositermes natalensis et Cubitermes sp. La théorie de la Stigmergie: Essai d'interprétation du comportement des termites constructeurs". Insectes Sociaux (6): 41–80.
.74 Of the six persons present, one died and the other five recovered after severe cases of radiation sickness.
^Johnston, Wm. Robert (2005-09-14). "Vinca reactor accident, 1958". Database of radiological incidents and related events – Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 2012-07-02.