Bangladeshi Americans
বাংলাদেশী মার্কিনী | |
---|---|
Total population | |
213,000 (official estimate, 2022)[1] 800,000 (other estimates)[2] [3] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
[7] | |
Languages | |
Religion | |
Predominantly Islam, minorities include Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Bangladeshi Americans (
History
Immigrants from present-day Bangladesh have been in the United States since at least the
Since the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, immigration to the United States grew slowly but steadily through the 1970s and 1980s. Over 10,000 Bangladeshis have immigrated to the United States annually.[4] Many of the migrants settled in urban areas. New York City is home to two-thirds of the Bangladeshi population in the United States. Other cities including Paterson, Atlantic City, New Jersey; Buffalo, New York; Washington, D.C.; Los Angeles; Boston; Chicago; and Detroit.
In New York, it was estimated that 15,000 Bangladeshis resided in the city in the early 1980s. During the late 1970s, some Bangladeshis moved from New York City to Detroit, and Atlantic City for jobs. Homes to prominent communities of other
The Los Angeles Bangladesh Association was created in 1971, and there were 500 members of the Texas Bangladesh Association in 1997. The Bangladeshi population in Dallas was 5,000 people in 1997, which was large enough to hold the
Baishakhi Mela events have been held in major American cities such as New York City; Paterson, New Jersey; Atlantic City; Washington, D.C.; and Los Angeles; as the Bangladeshi population continues to increase in these cities.[12] The third and largest wave of arrivals came in the 1990s and 2000s. Because of the Diversity Immigrant Visa Program, professional and educational criteria were not used. Most Bangladeshi immigrants took blue-collar work such as taxi driving and restaurant help.[13]
Demography
States, Cities, and Metro Areas by Population
Bangladeshi Americans are largely concentrated in metropolitan areas in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Great Lakes regions of the country, especially working-class neighborhoods and suburbs. There are smaller concentrations in states such as Texas, California, and Nevada.[17]
The states with the highest percentages of Bangladeshi Americans are:[citation needed]
State | Bangladeshi
Percentage |
Bangladeshi
Population |
---|---|---|
New York | 1.5% | 300,000 |
Michigan | 1.2% | 100,000 |
New Jersey | 0.66% | 61,000 |
Virginia | 0.37% | 33,452 |
Maryland | 0.1% | 7,000 |
Connecticut | 0.1% | 9,000 |
Some communities with the highest percentages of Bangladeshi Americans are:[citation needed]
Community | Bangladeshi
Percentage |
---|---|
Hamtramck, Michigan | 57% |
Warren, Michigan | 15% |
Atlantic City, New Jersey | 10% |
Center Line, Michigan | 10% |
Detroit, Michigan | 4.4% |
Hyattsville, Maryland | 2.9% |
Seven Corners, Virginia | 2.7% |
New York, New York | 2.1% |
Paterson, New Jersey | 1.7% |
Manchester, Connecticut | 1.6% |
Lincolnia, Virginia | 1.37% |
Bailey's Crossroads, Virginia | 1.2% |
Greenbelt, Maryland | 1.05% |
Elmont, New York | 1% |
Waterbury, Connecticut | 0.8% |
South Laurel, Maryland | 0.69% |
Arlington, Virginia | 0.6% |
Fayetteville, Arkansas | 0.6% |
Irving, Texas | 0.5% |
Reno, Nevada | 0.32% |
The metropolitan areas with the highest percentages of Bangladeshi Americans are:[citation needed]
Metropolitan area | Bangladeshi
Percentage |
Notable Communities |
---|---|---|
New York, NY/NJ/CT/PA | 2% | Queens, NY; Paterson, NJ |
Detroit, MI | 0.92% | Hamtramck, MI; Warren, MI; Center Line, MI |
Washington, DC/VA/MD/WV | 0.55% | Fairfax Co., VA; Arlington, VA; Prince George's Co., MD |
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX | 0.35% | Irving, TX |
Buffalo, NY
|
0.27% | Broadway-Fillmore, Buffalo, NY |
Atlanta, GA
|
0.18% | DeKalb Co., GA |
Hartford, CT | 0.17% | Manchester, CT |
Philadelphia, PA | 0.15% | Northeast Philadelphia, PA |
Major communities
New York City
New York City is home to the largest Bangladeshi community in the United States, receiving by far the highest legal
In the 1960s, Bangladeshi Americans developed the
New York statistics
- 1990 census:
- 2000 census:
- Total population: 28,269
- Highest concentrations: Queens—18,310 people (65%), Brooklyn—6,243 (22%), Bronx—2,442 (9%), Manhattan—1,204 (4%), Staten Island—70 (0.2%)
- Population growth rate from 1970 to 2000: 471%
- Foreign-born population: 83,967 (100%)
- Limited English proficiency: 14,840 (60%)
- Median Household Income: $45,537
- People Living in Poverty: 10,500
- Percentage of people in poverty: 40%
- 2010 census:
- Total population: 100,000
- Highest concentrations: Queens (60%), Brooklyn (19%), Bronx (17%), Manhattan (4%), Staten Island (0.4%)
- Population growth rate from 2000 to 2010:
- Foreign-born population: 80%
- Limited English proficiency: 78%
- Median Household Income: $36,741
- Percentage of people in poverty: 32%[25]
Bangladeshi neighborhoods in New York City include Jamaica, Jamaica Hills, Briarwood, Jackson Heights, Woodside, Elmhurst, Hollis, Queens Village, Hunters Point, Long Island City, East Harlem, Bayside, Hillcrest, West Maspeth and Astoria in Queens; Kensington and City Line in Brooklyn;[21] and Parkchester and Castle Hill in The Bronx.[25][26] Smaller Little Bangladesh communities can be found in Philadelphia; Washington, D.C.; Detroit; and Los Angeles.
Paterson, New Jersey
Paterson, New Jersey, in the
On October 11, 2014, a groundbreaking ceremony was conducted for the Shohid Minar Monument in West Side Park in Paterson. The monument pays tribute to those killed in
Community and economic issues
Per capita income
In 2014, identified by factfinder census, when Americans per capita income was divided by ethnic groups Bangladeshi Americans were revealed to have a per capita income of only $18,027, below the American average of $25,825.[30]
Median household income
In 2015, Bangladeshi Americans had an estimated
In 2019, Bangladeshi Americans had a median household income of $59,500.[32]
Poverty
In a 2013, NPR discussion with a member of the Economic Policy Institute and co-author of the book The Myth of the Model Minority Rosalind Chou who is also a professor of sociology. One of them stated that "When you break it down by specific ethnic groups, the Hmong, the Bangladeshi, they have poverty rates that rival the African-American poverty rate."[33]
Education
In the
Politics
Bangladeshi Americans strongly favor the Democratic Party. Republican President Richard Nixon's support of Pakistan during Bangladesh's struggle for independence partly swayed Bangladeshis to the Democratic Party.[36] In the 2012 U.S. presidential election, 96% of Bangladeshi Americans voted to reelect Barack Obama.[37] In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, 90% of Bangladeshi Americans voted for Hillary Clinton.[38] In the 2020 U.S. presidential election, 91% of Bangladeshi Americans voted for Joe Biden.[39]
In recent decades, the Bangladeshi-American community has become more active in local and national politics, with many Bangladeshi Americans seeking office or forming political organizations to better represent those within or outside the community who share similar goals.[40][41][42]
Culture
Bangladeshi Americans are highly visible in medicine, engineering, business, finance and information technology. Bangladeshi Americans have introduced
Languages
Bangladeshi Americans often retain their native language
Religion
Before the colonization of South Asia by Great Britain, folk religion in villages in the Bengal region incorporated elements of Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism to varying degrees. Leading up to the modern era, Bengali families increasingly began identifying with a single religious community. In North America, Bangladeshis residing in rural areas often practice their faith at home and make special trips during community holidays like Ramadan and Durga Puja. In cities such as Detroit and New York, Bangladeshi Muslims attend religious activities at mosques in their own ethnic enclaves. Bangladeshi Americans have taken on leadership roles at major Hindu temples in the U.S.
Notable people
- Mir Masoom Ali – George and Frances Ball Distinguished Professor of Statistics, Ball State University
- Arianna Afsar – former Miss California; placed in the Top 10 of the 2011 Miss America pageant
- Saif Ahmad – World Series of Poker winner
- University of Hawaii
- Rais Bhuiyan – shooting survivor and activist
- Hansen Clarke – member of U.S. House of Representatives (2011-2013) from Michigan's 13th District
- Naeem Mohaiemen – academic, filmmaker, writer, visual artist
- Hasan M. Elahi – interdisciplinary media artist
- Firoz Mahmud – interdisciplinary media artist
- M. Zahid Hasan – scientist and professor of quantum physics at Princeton University- known for seminal discoveries in quantum physics.[43] Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[44]
- Fazle Hussain – professor of mechanical engineering, and earth science at the University of Houston
- Abul Hussam – chemist, inventor of the Sono arsenic filter
- Omar Ishrak - business executive, chairman of Intel and Medtronic
- Abdus Suttar Khan – chemist and jet fuels inventor
- Badrul Khan – founder of modern e-learning
- Fazlur Rahman Khan – pioneer of modern structural engineering
- Salman Khan – founder of Khan Academy, a nonprofit educational organisation
- Jawed Karim – co-founder of YouTube, designed key parts of PayPal
- Imran Khan (businessman) – tech investor and entrepreneur. Chief Strategy Officer of Snap Inc, Leading Alibaba Group IPO, leading Snap IPO
- Shuvo Roy – co-inventor of artificial kidney, medical MEMS, scientist, and engineer.
- Mohammad Ataul Karim – electrical engineer[45]
- BusinessWeekas one of America's Best Young Entrepreneurs.
- Sezan Mahmud – award-winning novelist[46]
- Shomi Patwary – designer and music video director
- Iqbal Quadir – founder of Grameenphone, Bangladesh's largest mobile phone company; headed the MIT Legatum Center
- Kamal Quadir – entrepreneur; founded two of Bangladesh's key technology companies, CellBazaar and bKash
- Anika Rahman – CEO of Ms. Foundation for Women
- Badal Roy – tabla player, percussionist, and recording artist
- The Atlantic Monthly
- Shikhee – singer, auteur of industrial band Android Lust
- Rahat Hossain – YouTuber listed as MagicofRahat
- Sanjoy – musician, electronic music producer and DJ
- Jai Wolf – electronic music producer
- Asif Azam Siddiqi – space historian, assistant professor of history at Fordham University
- M. Osman Siddique – former U.S. ambassador
- Palbasha Siddique – singer
- Marjana Chowdhury – model, philanthropist and beauty queen Miss Bangladesh USA
- Monica Yunus – Bangladeshi-Russian-American operatic soprano
- Anik Khan – rapper
See also
- Asian Americans in New York City
- Chinese people in New York City
- Demographics of New York City
- Filipinos in the New York metropolitan area
- Fuzhounese in New York City
- Indians in the New York City metropolitan region
- Japanese in New York City
- Koreans in New York City
- Russians in New York City
- Taiwanese people in New York City
- Bengali diaspora
- Bengali Americans
- Little Bangladesh, Los Angeles
- Bangladesh–United States relations
References
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- ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
- ^ "Top 10 U.S. Metropolitan areas by Bangladeshi population, 2019".
- ^ "The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas". statisticalatlas.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
- ^ "Labour migration in Bangladesh (ILO in Bangladesh)". www.ilo.org. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
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- ^ Kershaw, Sarah (March 8, 2001). "Queens to Detroit: A Bangladeshi Passage". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
- ^ Other Immigrants: The Global Origins of the American People. By David M. Reimers. page 198-200.
- ^ J. Sydney Jones, "Bangladeshi Americans." (2014)
- ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved April 14, 2013.
- ^ a b "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on August 8, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2013.
- ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2013.
- ^ "The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas". statisticalatlas.com. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- ^ "More Foreign-Born Immigrants Live in NYC Than There Are People in Chicago". The Huffington Post. December 19, 2013. Archived from the original on March 23, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
- ^ Goldstein, Joseph (November 28, 2013). "Bangladeshis Build Careers in New York Traffic". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
- ^ Feretti, Fred (March 4, 1981). "A CULINARY 'LITTLE INDIA' ON EAST 6TH STREET". The New York Times. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
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- ^ "The Bangladeshis Are on the Rise in New York City". Huffington Post. April 14, 2011. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
- The Record, November 27, 2012. Accessed February 18, 2015. "Election officials Tuesday certified Mohammed Akhtaruzzaman as the winner of a special City Council race, settling a prolonged political contest that ended with his reclaiming the seat he lost in a court challenge.... It was unclear when Akhtaruzzaman would take office as the representative for the 2nd Ward and reclaim his mantle as the first Bangladeshi-American elected to municipal office in North Jersey."
- ^ Rahman, Jayed (February 16, 2015). "Bangladeshi-Americans unveil Shohid Minar, martyrs' monument, in Westside Park". The Paterson Times. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
- ^ Ed Rumley (October 12, 2014). "Paterson's Bangladeshi community celebrates start of Martyrs' Monument". Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
- ^ "Median houseland income in the past 12 months (in 2014 inflation-adjusted dollars)". American Community Survey. United States Census Bureau. 2014. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
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- ^ Budiman, Abby (April 29, 2021). "Bangladeshis in the U.S. Fact Sheet". Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
- ^ "Asian-Americans: Smart, High-Incomes And ... Poor?". NPR. Archived from the original on November 20, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
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- ^ NW, 1615 L. St; Suite 800Washington; Inquiries, DC 20036USA202-419-4300 | Main202-857-8562 | Fax202-419-4372 | Media. "Educational attainment of Bangladeshi population in the U.S., 2015". Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Rashed, Raisa (June 11, 2020). "Bangladeshi American Women Making History in Politics". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ Reyes, Juliana Feliciano (October 6, 2020). "Bangladeshi immigrants are winning a seat at the table in the 'club' of Philly politics". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
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Further reading
- Bald, Vivak. Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America (Harvard University Press, 2013).
- Baluja, Kagri Glagstad. Gender Roles at Home and Abroad: The Adaptation of Bangladeshi Immigrants (LFB Scholarly Publications, 2003).
- Harris, Michael S. "Bangladeshis," in American Immigrant Cultures: Builders of a Nation, edited by David Levinson and Melvin Ember. (Macmillan Reference, 1997).
- Jones, J. Sydney. "Bangladeshi Americans." in Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 221–235. online